Targeted ROS Scavenging for Disease Therapies Using Nanomaterials.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential by-products of cellular metabolism and serve as key mediators in cell signaling and homeostasis. Excessive ROS production is associated with cellular damage and various diseases. Therefore, targeted ROS scavenging may enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize side effects.

Tumour extracellular vesicle surface Protein-mRNA integration assay for early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: Early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. However, the sensitivity of primary serological marker cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is suboptimal for detecting early-stage EOC. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for early cancer detection.

Using the Electronic Grab-Transport Mechanism to Construct Metal-Organic Frameworks with Type I/II Dual Sonodynamic Therapy Reinforcement.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has demonstrated promising potential in the treatment of tumors and has attracted widespread attention. The majority of sound-sensitive materials developed to date have been categorized as oxygen-dependent type II sonosensitizers (SSs), which are susceptible to tumor hypoxia and significantly limit their efficacy. In this study, highly active porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (Yb-TCPP PMOF) with type I/II SDT dual actions were constructed by regulating the electron transfer process between metal nodes and ligands, which can produce multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O, O, and •OH.

Brachyury-Activated Fucoidan Hydrogel Microspheres Rejuvenate Degenerative Intervertebral Discs Microenvironment.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolic disorders and the establishment of inflammatory microenvironment are the primary pathological alterations associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The inflammatory microenvironment promotes ECM degradation, further exacerbating the vicious cycle of nucleus pulposus (NP) degeneration. This study introduces the mRNA encoding a novel therapeutic transcription factor, Brachyury (Bry), into nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) using an injectable microsphere system composed of biomimetic GelMA/Fucoidan (FU) dual-component hydrogel (GF) and surface chemically grafted lipid nanoparticles (LNP) (BLNP@GF).

Si Microanemones Integrated Microfluidic Chip for Highly Efficient Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles.

Liquid biopsy has emerged as a transformative approach for early cancer detection and treatment monitoring, offering significant potential to improve patient outcomes. However, isolating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from body fluids is often impeded by background noise, making subsequent analysis challenging. Herein, a bio-inspired 3D silicon microanemone (SMA) microfluidic chip is reported.

A Digital Score Based on Circulating-Tumor-Cells-Derived mRNA Quantification and Machine Learning for Early Colorectal Cancer Detection.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) serve as valuable biomarkers in tumor circulation, carrying essential primary tumor information. The purification of CTCs from peripheral blood samples and the analysis of their characteristic molecules enable the detection of tumors at an early stage. The noninvasive, continuous, real-time dynamic monitoring provides a promising solution for the timely diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Circularly Polarized Light Emission and Real-Image Projection from Cellulosic Converging Lenses with Adjustable Chiral Photonic Bandgaps.

The efficient generation of circularly polarized light (CPL) is crucial in information technologies such as optical communications and three-dimensional displays. In nature, many plants and animals can transform unpolarized light into CPL with chiral helical superstructures, which has inspired the development of CPL-related materials and devices. Herein, by combining the self-assembled chiral nematic liquid crystalline microstructures of cellulose nanocrystals with geometrical configurations of Fresnel lenses, free-standing solid-state cellulosic converging lenses with large sizes, circular polarization features, and adjustable chiral photonic bandgaps were fabricated at low cost, which could produce CPL beams exhibiting dissymmetry factors ( = 2( - )/( + )) up to -0.

Promoting retinal ganglion cell regeneration with targeted liposome-based delivery of MHY1485 for optic nerve repair.

Optic neuropathy, characterized by the irreversible degeneration of RGCs, leads to vision loss for which treatment options remained limited. Nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies have been developed to stimulate RGCs regeneration; however, insufficient nanoparticles delivery to RGCs and a lack of robust stimulation of RGCs intrinsic regenerative capacity, have limited their application. Here, we demonstrate that a RGC-targeting Tet1 conjugated to liposome delivery system (Lipo-T) enhances therapeutic agent delivery to RGCs while minimizing off-target effect for activating glial cells.

Time-resolved T and T contrast for enhanced accuracy in MRI tumor detection.

Stimuli-responsive contrast agents (CAs) have shown great promise in enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for more accurate tumor diagnosis. However, current CAs still face challenges in achieving high accuracy due to their low specificity and contrast signals being confounded by potential endogenous MRI artifacts. Herein, an extremely small iron oxide nanoparticle (ESIONP)-based smart responsive MRI contrast agent (LESPH) is proposed, which is meticulously designed with sequential dual biochemical stimuli-initiated, time-resolved T and T contrast presentation, ensuring high tumor specificity while minimizing interference from endogenous artifacts.

Distinct CTC Specific RNA Profile Enables NSCLC Early Detection and Dynamic Monitoring of Advanced NSCLC.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold significant potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, their clinical utility is limited by the heterogeneity of CTC subtypes and the need for robust, quantitative assays. In this study, a quantitative CTC RNA assay incorporating multi-antibody-based CTC isolation and specific mRNA quantification by RT-ddPCR is developed.

Nanostructured conductive polymers: synthesis and application in biomedicine.

Conductive polymers (CPs), distinguished by their sp-hybridized carbon backbone, offer remarkable electrical conductivity while maintaining the advantageous mechanical flexibility and processing characteristics typical of organic polymers. Compared to their bulk counterparts, nanostructured CPs exhibit unique physicochemical properties, such as large surface areas and shortened charge/mass transport pathways, making them promising candidates for various applications. This mini review explores various synthesis methodologies for nanostructured CPs, including electrospinning, hard templating, and soft templating techniques, while elucidating their advantages and disadvantages.

AIE Photosensitizer with Tuned Membrane Interactions for Effective-Gram-Negative Bacteria Elimination.

Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) for efficient bacterial infection eradication critically relies on photosensitizers (PSs) that can specifically target and disrupt bacterial membranes. However, the complex membrane architecture of Gram-negative bacteria poses a significant challenge to the efficacy of most aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PSs. Herein, we introduce TPQ, an AIE PS meticulously designed to overcome this challenge by incorporating an outer membrane disruption ability, thereby boosting PDAT efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria.

Identification of Tumor-Specific Surface Proteins Enables Quantification of Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes for Early Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, largely due to late-stage diagnosis. Reliable early detection methods are critically needed. PDAC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry molecules that reflect their parental tumor cells and are detectable in early disease stages, offering a promising noninvasive diagnostic approach.

Could Blood Transfusion Increase the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease? A Narrative Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, and its pathogenesis is complex. In addition to amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau, inflammation and microbial infections also play a role in the development of AD. Currently, there is no effective clinical intervention to cure AD or completely halt its progression.

Metal-Phenolic Network (MPN) Modified Janus Fibrous Hydrogel Scaffold for Infected Diabetic Wound Healing.

Management of infected diabetic wounds with large amounts of biofluid is challenging to treat due to localized edema-induced ischemia. Traditional hydrophilic dressings retain wound exudate, raise bacterial infection, and hinder wound healing. Herein, a multifunctional double-layer Janus fibrous hydrogel with a hydrophobic and superhydrophilic potential was designed to accelerate the healing of infected diabetic wounds.

Advances in liver organoids: replicating hepatic complexity for toxicity assessment and disease modeling.

The lack of in vivo accurate human liver models hinders the investigation of liver-related diseases, injuries, and drug-related toxicity, posing challenges for both basic research and clinical applications. Traditional cellular and animal models, while widely used, have significant limitations in replicating the liver's complex responses to various stressors. Liver organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells, adult stem cells primary cells, or tissues can mimic diverse liver cell types, major physiological functions, and architectural features.

Progress in Chinese medicine monomers and their nanoformulations on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the entire process of myocardial injury resulting from ischemia and hypoxia following acute myocardial infarction, which involves complicated pathogenesis including energy metabolism disorders, calcium overload, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted intensive attention in the treatment of MIRI owing to its multitarget therapeutic effects and low systemic toxicity. Increasing evidence indicates the promising application of TCM on the protection of cardiomyocytes, improvement of endothelial cell functions and regulation of energy metabolism and inflammatory response.

Non-discriminating engineered masking of immuno-evasive ligands on tumour-derived extracellular vesicles enhances tumour vaccination outcomes.

The success of personalized cancer immunotherapy depends on the initial tumour antigenic presentation to dendritic cells and macrophages. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) contain abundant tumour antigenic molecules. The presence of anti-phagocytotic signals such as cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) on the surface of the TEVs, however, leads to evasion of the same dendritic cells and macrophages.

Selection of trophoblast cell surface antigen 2-targeted aptamer for the development of cytotoxic aptamer-drug conjugate.

Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 expressed in several malignant cancers promotes tumor growth and metastasis via several signal transduction pathways. Trop2 is reputed as a prospective biomarker and therapeutic target. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2-targeted agents, including antibodies, antibody conjugates and therapeutic combinations, could be utilized to fight cancers.

Prolonged, staged, and self-regulated methotrexate release coupled with ROS scavenging in an injectable hydrogel for rheumatoid arthritis therapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a formidable healthcare challenge due to its chronic nature and potential for irreversible joint damage. Methotrexate (MTX) is a cornerstone treatment for RA but carries significant risks of adverse effects with repeated administration, necessitating the exploration of alternative delivery methods. Injectable hydrogels loaded with MTX for intra-articular injection present a promising solution, allowing sustained drug release directly into affected joints.

A "Dual-Key-and-Lock" MRI Contrast Agent with T-T Switchable Function for Accurate Diagnosis of Tumors.

Extremely small iron oxide nanoparticle (ESIONP)-based stimuli-responsive switchable MRI contrast agents (CAs) show great promise for accurate detection of tumors due to their outstanding advantages of high specificity and low background signal. However, currently developed ESIONP-based switchable CAs often suffer single-biomarker-induced responses, which lack absolute specificity to pathological tissues, potentially diminishing diagnostic accuracy. In this study, weak acidity and hypoxia, two of the most remarkable characteristics of tumors, are introduced as dual biomarker stimuli to construct an ESIONP-based switchable MRI CA (DKL-CA), with its signal switch controlled by a "dual-key-and-lock" strategy.

Deciphering the Temporal-Spatial Interactive Heterogeneity of Long Non-Coding RNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins in Living Cells at Single-Cell Resolution.

The investigation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) interactions in living cell holds great significance for elucidating their critical roles in a variety of biological activities, but limited techniques are available to profile the temporal-spatial dynamic heterogeneity. Here, we introduced a molecular beacon-functionalized nanoneedle array designed for spatially resolved profiling of lncRNA-RBP interactions (Nano-SpatiaLR). A nanoneedle array modified with a molecular beacon is employed to selectively isolate specific intracellular lncRNAs and their associated RBPs without affecting cell viability.

An Injectable Hydrogel Composing Anti-Inflammatory and Osteogenic Therapy toward Bone Erosions Microenvironment Remodeling in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Healing bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains greatly challenging via biomaterial strategies. Given the unsuccessful innate bone erosion healing due to an inflammatory disorder, over-activated osteoclasts, and impaired osteoblasts differentiation, RA pathogenesis-guided engineering of an innovative hydrogel platform is needed for remodeling osteoimmune and osteogenic microenvironment of bone erosion healing. Herein, in situ adaptable and injectable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel is developed through an ingenious combination of a bio-orthogonal reaction between hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen, along with effective electrostatic interactions leveraging bisphosphonate (BP)-functionalized HA macromers (HABP) and nanorod shaped zinc (Zn)-doped biphasic calcium phosphate (ZnBCP).