Species- and context-dependent responses of green lacewings suggest a complex ecological role for methyl salicylate (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae).

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important semiochemicals in multitrophic plant-insect interactions, attracting natural enemies of phytophagous insects. Numerous studies have reported attraction of natural enemies to the HIPV methyl salicylate, including green lacewings. However, previous reports provide conflicting data, as some studies report significant attraction, whereas others found moderate or no attraction, even for the same taxa.

A combination of predator and selective pesticide improves control of resistant Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest in cotton production, notorious for its rapid development of resistance to pesticides, which complicates control efforts. A sustainable solution involves combining selective insecticides with biocontrol agents to reduce pest populations while preserving natural enemies. Afidopyropen, a novel transient receptor potential vanilloid-targeted insecticide, was extremely safe for the minute pirate bug Orius sauteri Poppius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a common predator of small pests.

Impact of long-term cadmium exposure on insecticidal cross-resistance and biological traits of Brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Cadmium (Cd) pollution threatens ecosystems and agricultural productivity, especially in rice-growing regions. This study examines the effects of long-term Cd exposure on the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), a major rice pest, focusing on biological traits, physiological responses, and insecticide cross-resistance. Cd bioaccumulation occurred across the soil-plant-insect chain, with higher concentrations in advanced N.

Agricultural soil microbiomes at the climate frontier: Nutrient-mediated adaptation strategies for sustainable farming.

The equilibrium transformation of soil microbial community dynamics and succession across various temporal and spatial dimensions plays a critical role in maintaining plant adaptability. Intensive agricultural practices accelerate the succession of plant microbial communities, rendering their restoration function more vulnerable. Climate change, with its variable impacts, affects the resilience of plant microbial communities through regulatory and mediating effects.

Higher Sex-Reversal Rate of Urban Frogs in a Common-Garden Experiment Suggests Adaptive Microevolution.

Ectothermic vertebrates with genotypic sex determination may adjust their sexual phenotype to early-life environmental conditions by sex reversal, and theoretical models predict diverse consequences for population dynamics and microevolution under environmental change. Environments that frequently expose individuals to sex-reversing effects may select for or against the propensity to undergo sex reversal, depending on the relative fitness of sex-reversed individuals. Yet, empirical data on the adaptive value and evolutionary potential of sex reversal is scarce.

Proteomes and ubiquitylomes reveal the regulation mechanism of cold tolerance mediated by in rice.

Low temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses that severely restrict the development of rice. It has been demonstrated previously that enhances cold tolerance in rice, the molecular mechanism of which remains unknown. This study employed a combination of proteome and ubiquitylome approaches to analyze mediated chilling between the overexpression line (OX) and wild type (CK).

Subiasiana indica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new remarkable representative of Uropodina mites from India (Acari: Mesostigmata: Uropodidae).

A new genus, Subiasiana gen. nov. (Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Uropodidae), with Subiasiana indica sp.

The restoration of the taxonomic status of Rhopalopsole trichotoma Yang & Du, 2021.

Rhopalopsole trichotoma Yang & Du, 2021 was recently considered by Luo et al. (2022) to be a junior synonym for Rhopalopsole basinigra Yang & Yang, 1995. Based on molecular data and morphological characteristics, R.

Oviposition behaviour of Rhagoletis completa on dead end host Cydonia oblonga.

Host finding behaviour and host acceptance for oviposition is a rather complex process amongst insects; it is a major decision that will have a direct effect on the performance of offspring. It is not uncommon that herbivorous insects oviposit on unsuitable hosts. The level of insect-host specialisation correlates with the likelihood of mis-oviposition incidence; polyphagous herbivore insect species have a higher chance to lay eggs on unsuitable hosts compared to specialised monophagous ones.

Diversity and Pathogenicity of Species Causing Coffee Anthracnose in China.

Coffee is a significant traded commodity for developing countries. Among the various diseases affecting coffee, anthracnose caused by spp. has re-emerged as a major constraint on global coffee production.

What Are "Lingzhi Wang" or "Zhu Lingzhi"? Notes on (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) Species Characterized by Diminutive Pilei and Gracile Stipes from Hainan Island, Tropical China.

Species of (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for over two millennia, owing to their remarkable medicinal properties and diverse chemical constituents. Hainan Island, located in tropical China, harbors a rich diversity of species. Among these, certain varieties referred to as "Lingzhi Wang" or "Zhu Lingzhi" by indigenous communities are distinguished by their diminutive pilei and slender stipes.

Elucidating the mechanism of resistance to anthracnose in litchi leaves through transcriptome analysis.

Background: Litchi, an important tropical fruit, is severely affected by anthracnose disease. However, the mechanism of its disease resistance response remains unknown, and resistant accession genetic resources and resistance-related genes have not yet been identified.

Results: In this study, 82 accessions of litchi were evaluated for resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and the accessions 'Haiken 5' and 'Nongmei 5 hao' were identified as resistant and susceptible, respectively.

INCREASED DNA METHYLATION 3 forms a potential chromatin remodelling complex with HAIRPLUS to regulate DNA methylation and trichome development in tomato.

DNA methylation, a dynamic epigenetic mark influencing gene expression, is regulated by DNA demethylases that remove methylated cytosines at genomic regions marked by the INCREASED DNA METHYLATION (IDM) complex. In Arabidopsis, IDM3, a small α-crystalline domain-containing protein, stabilises the IDM complex. To investigate its role in tomato, we generated slidm3 mutants using genome editing.

Quinazolinone-grafted polymers as novel insecticides: Synthesis, activity against Spodoptera littoralis, and environmental safety assessment.

Insecticides are crucial for crop protection against pests; research aims to develop effective and safe insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate 11 quinazolinone-based derivatives grafted with chitosan, polymethylmethacrylate, and carboxymethylcellulose against larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. The synthesized 2-hydrazinyl-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (compound 2) and its grafted polymers were characterized via H NMR, XRD, FT-IR, and TGA analyses.

Phylogenetic Relationships of Immune Function and Oxidative Physiology With Sexual Selection and Parental Effort in Male and Female Birds.

Sexual differences in physiology are widely regarded as potential proximate mechanisms that underlie sex differences in mortality, life history and disease risk of vertebrates. However, little is known about the causes of sex-specific variation in physiology. Sexual selection and parental workload are two key components suggested to play a role.

Plant invasion resistance due to 2D native diversity.

Biodiversity entails species diversity both within a trophic level (horizontal diversity) and across levels (vertical diversity). While invasion resistance studies usually focus on horizontal diversity, vertical diversity could provide additional biotic resistance to invasion. Quantifying the role of such 2D diversity will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity-invasibility relationship.

Characteristics and seasonal variation of fall armyworm migratory behavior in their year-round breeding areas in South China.

Background: The occurrence of migratory takeoff behavior is the essential first step for long-distance migration of insects. However, its characteristics, frequency of occurrence, and the identity of environmental and physiological factors influencing this process remain largely unknown.

Results: We investigate the global pest fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) as an exemplar species to investigate the behavioral traits associated with migratory takeoff of nocturnally migrating moths in year-round breeding areas.

Biological activity and field efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strains with protein film adjuvants (PFAs) against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

Background: Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. is a globally distributed insect pest with developed resistance to many insecticides such as Cry1Ac proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). It is therefore urgent to develop novel Bt bacterial strains with biocontrol activity against the DBM population.

Development and Utilization of Quantitative Detection for Probiotics Bacillus velezensis B31 with Potential Protection Against Tomato Fusarium Wilt.

The biocontrol efficacy of probiotics Bacillus velezensis B31 against fusarium wilt is contingent upon its successful colonization in the plant rhizosphere. This study aimed to develop a quantitative detection method for probiotics strain B31 and to monitor its rhizosphere dynamics. Utilizing comparative genomics, a specific gene in strain B31 was identified, which facilitated the design of precise primers and a Taqman probe.

Strategy for the Selection of Tank-Mix Adjuvants to Improve the Wettability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Sprayed Liquids on Citrus Leaf Surfaces.

The past decade has witnessed a growth spurt in aerial pesticide application by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, compared to the traditional ground application, their operation characteristics of low capacity and high concentration put forward rather higher requirements for the wettability of pesticide solutions on the target crop surface, which was a critical link to the pesticide efficiency. Tank mix of adjuvants is a common measure to modify the spray liquid wettability during foliar pesticide application.

Preserving the Biologically Coherent Generic Concept of , "Plant Destroyer".

is a long-established, well-known, and globally important genus of plant pathogens. Phylogenetic evidence has shown that the biologically distinct, obligate biotrophic downy mildews evolved from at least twice. Because, cladistically, this renders "paraphyletic," it has been proposed that evolutionary clades be split into multiple genera (Crous et al.

Cytochrome P450 CYP6EM1 confers resistance to thiamethoxam in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) via detoxification metabolism.

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Gennadius) is a notorious and highly polyphagous agricultural pest that is well known for its ability to transmit a wide range of serious plant pathogenic viruses. The field populations of B. tabaci in some areas have developed resistance to thiamethoxam.

Transcriptome Reveals Candidate Genes Responsive to Cold Stress in Agave.

Agave, with its unique appearance and ability to produce hard fibers, holds high economic value. However, low temperatures during winter can restrict its growth and even damage the leaves, causing a loss of ornamental appeal or affecting the fiber quality. Conversely, the plant () family plays an important role in the growth and development of plants and the response to stress.

Formulation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Above-Ground Use Against Tomato Leaf Miner, .

The tomato leaf miner (syn. ) Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is invasive in many agricultural regions. Its larvae feed inside leaf mines or tomato fruits and are difficult to reach with plant protection products.