Dual pathways of photosynthetic inhibition by nanoplastics: Light reaction blockade in soybean and carbon fixation enzyme suppression in corn.

Nanoplastics (NPs) have raised increasing attention due to their potential environmental risks to terrestrial vegetation and food security. However, for the plants with various photosynthetic pathways, the differences in their photosynthetic response and related mechanisms upon NPs exposure are still unclear. Here, the photosynthetic responses of typical soybean and corn plants under polystyrene NPs (PSNPs) exposure were systematically compared for the first time.

Effect of Precipitation Change on Desert Steppe Aboveground Productivity.

Precipitation changes have significant impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem productivity. However, the effects of precipitation changes on species diversity have been the focus of most previous studies. Little is known about the contributions of different dimensions of biodiversity (species, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) in linking long-term precipitation changes to ecosystem functions.

Biocontrol Potential of Rhizosphere Bacteria Against Root Rot in Cowpea: Suppression of Mycelial Growth and Conidial Germination.

The cultivation of cowpea (), a vital vegetable crop, faces significant threats from spp.-induced root rot. In this study, three fungal pathogens ( HKFf, HKFi, and HKFo) were isolated from symptomatic cowpea plants, and we screened 90 rhizobacteria from healthy rhizospheres using six culture media.

High-quality whole genome data of .

A high-quality whole genome assembly of (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) was generated using PacBio HiFi sequencing technology. The assembly, constructed with hifiasm and refined by redundant sequences using Purge_dups, resulted in a genome size of 384.76 Mb with a contig N50 of 14.

Mediated Metabolic Resistance to Auxin Herbicide Quinclorac in .

poses a significant challenge to rice production, with herbicide resistance threatening agricultural output in South China. We investigated quinclorac resistance in populations in rice fields in the Hainan Province, identifying a metabolically resistant () population that exhibited faster metabolism compared with the susceptible () population. RNA-Seq revealed 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including two of the P450 family, four glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), six glycosyltransferases (GTs), one ABC transporter, and one hydrolase, that were upregulated in the biotype.

MoMkt1, a member of XPG/RAD2 nuclease family, regulates development and pathogenicity in .

XPG/RAD2 nuclease family plays a crucial role in DNA damage repair to maintain genomic integrity. However, the biological function of Mkt1, a member of the XPG/RAD2 nuclease family, remains unclear in . In this study, we identified and characterized the biological functions of MoMkt1.

A new fossil plesiomorphic flat bug (Aradidae) suggests widespread flower visiting in Heteroptera during the Mesozoic.

The phenomenon of flower visiting (anthophily) and the pollination, though becoming prevalent with the rise of flowering angiosperms, hypothesized to have originated from the antagonistic relationship of florivory between insects and gymnosperms in the Upper Jurassic. Though not commonly known, this behaviour has been documented in several instances among the representatives of the suborder Heteroptera, i.e.

Nighttime warming impedes invasion of Chromolaena odorata into tropical coral islands.

Nighttime warming, resulted from asymmetric global warming, is recognized as narrow diurnal temperature range (DTR). However, consensus on the effects of reduced DTR on plant's invasion remains elusive. Tropical coral islands in China, characterized as narrow DTR, are more and more intensively affected by plant invasion.

Footprints of Worldwide Adaptation in Structured Populations of Drosophila melanogaster Through the Expanded DEST 2.0 Genomic Resource.

Large-scale genomic resources can place genetic variation into an ecologically informed context. To advance our understanding of the population genetics of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, we present an expanded release of the community-generated population genomics resource Drosophila Evolution over Space and Time (DEST 2.0; https://dest.

Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolomic Profiles in Male and Female Leizhou Goats Offered a 10% Crude Protein Diet Among Four Energy Levels.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining the host's metabolism and can influence the host's productivity. Both dietary composition and gender have distinct effects on the composition of the gut microbiota. Therefore, to investigate the differences in the structure and function of the gut microbiota between female and male goats, we analyzed their fecal microbiota and metabolites when fed a 10% crude protein diet at four different energy levels-7.

Binary combined toxicity of neonicotinoids and co-existing pollutants to non-target invertebrates: A meta-analysis.

Mixture exposures dominate real-world environmental settings, yet the toxic impacts of neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs), one of the most widely used pesticide classes, when combined with co-occurring pollutants on non-target invertebrates remain poorly synthesized. This extensive global analysis integrated data from 47 studies retrieved via Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI, covering 1706 toxicity endpoint records standardized by toxicological parameters (e.g.

Impact of straw return and nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthesis and yield of red kidney beans.

Red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is widely cultivated and consumed globally. Exploring the effects of straw return and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of red kidney beans is essential for developing optimal straw return and nitrogen management practices to increase grain yield for food security.

Mitigation of chytridiomycosis on tadpoles with the antimicrobial metabolites of the bacterium .

Survival of amphibian assemblages is threatened by many factors. Among them, chytridiomycosis, the disease caused by the chytrid fungus (Bd), has great importance, also threatening populations of the yellow-bellied toad (), which has a scattered, isolated distribution in Hungary. Treatment with secondary metabolites of the entomopathogenic bacterium is a promising method in the mitigation of chytridiomycosis, as recently demonstrated.

Agave striata transcriptome reveals candidate cellulose synthase A genes involved in sisal cellulose biosynthesis.

Agave striata is a typical ornamental agave species that can be used as a wild genotype to explore the domestication of agronomic traits in A. tequilana and A. H11648.

Chemical Profile and Biological Activity of the Hymenochaetoid Mushroom Hirschioporus fuscoviolaceus (Agaricomycetes).

Hirschioporus fuscoviolaceus is a commonly distributed saprotrophic fungus across the coniferous forests of temperate regions. An in-depth chemical analysis of the methanol extract of H. fuscoviolaceus resulted in the isolation of four compounds (1-4).

HiMT: An integrative toolkit for assembling organelle genomes using HiFi reads.

Chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, which coexist with the nuclear genome, are extensively used in gene function studies, evolutionary analyses, and targeted breeding. However, assembling these organelle genomes remains challenging due to frequent recombination events and abundant repetitive sequences. Although some assembly tools are available, many are difficult to install or require extensive parameter tuning and computational resources.

Bioassay-Guided Isolation of -Clerodane Diterpenoids and Monoglycerides from the Leaves of and Their Antimicrobial Activities.

A previously undescribed -clerodane diterpenoid, diangelate solidagoic acid J (), along with two known -clerodane diterpenoids, solidagoic acid C () and solidagoic acid D (), as well as two known unsaturated monoacylglycerols, 1-linoleoyl glycerol () and 1-α-linolenoyl glycerol (), were isolated and characterized from the -hexane leaf extract of (giant goldenrod). Compounds - were identified first in this species, and compounds and are reported here for the first time in the genus. The bioassay-guided isolation procedure included thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled with a antibacterial assay, preparative flash column chromatography, and TLC-mass spectrometry (MS).

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Causing Stem Gummosis Disease in Rubber Trees and Its Chemical Control Strategies.

Rubber tree ( Muell. Arg.) is a major tropical cash crop in southern China, with Hainan and Yunnan provinces being the main planting areas.

Combination of the Parasitoid Walker and Chemical Pesticides for the Control of (Coquillett).

Walker, a pupal parasitoid of the alien invasive pest (Coquillett), causes 33% host mortality. This study assessed whether combining with insecticides (abamectin, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, emamectin benzoate, or beta-cypermethrin)-all effective against -could enhance control efficacy. Among these, abamectin was the least toxic to adult .

Functional and structural characterization of an aquaporin 5 from Pomacea canaliculata.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are crucial biomolecules involved in the transport of water and few solutes across the cell membranes of various organisms. In this study, we isolated and characterized PcAQP5 from Pomacea canaliculata to elucidate its contribution to development and stress tolerance. The PcAQP5 gene encodes a protein of 36.

Microbial composition, assembly, and functional characteristics of generalized and specialized subcommunities under flooded paddy fields: long-term pesticide versus non-pesticide models.

Background: The extensive application of pesticides in agricultural practices is known to affect microbial health and thus eco-multifunctionality in soil. However, previous studies have mainly focused on these effects on whole microbial community in dryland, without considering that in paddy fields under flooded condition, especially lacking the finer insights into subcommunities related to niche fitness.

Methods: To address this issue, the paddy fields, managed with (HP) and without pesticide application (HH) over 8 years, were selected.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat Gene Families in Rubber Tree.

Anthracnose, caused by spp., significantly threats rubber trees globally. The nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein family constitutes one of the largest and most widespread classes of plant immune receptors.

Widely-based full-genome analyses enable development of universal and strain-specific PCR toolkit for wheat dwarf virus detection, revealing new alternative hosts and challenging strain-host specificity.

Background: Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is a destructive cereal virus causing significant yield losses in wheat and barley. It is transmitted by the leafhopper and can persist in wild grasses between growing seasons, making reliable detection and strain differentiation critical for disease management.

Results: We developed a comprehensive PCR toolkit for WDV by analysing 38 complete genome sequences, reviewing, validating, and upgrading existing primers and designing new primers spanning multiple viral genome regions.

A new species of (Insecta, Plecoptera, Leuctridae) from the Anhui Province of China and phylogeny of Leuctridae based on mitochondrial genomes.

A new species of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from Anhui Province of China, , is described and illustrated. The new species is compared to a similar species, Yang & Du, 2021. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the new species and found a length of 16,157 bp.

Seasonal environmental change and sex change in a cnidarian.

In various animal species with distinct sexes, sequential hermaphroditism occurs whereby adults change their sex. The role of environmental factors in triggering sex change events is still relatively poorly understood, despite that climate-driven sex-ratio distortion may increase extinction risk. Here, we investigated the effect of seasonal temperature fluctuations on the expression of sex-related genes and sex change in the gonochoristic freshwater cnidarian, brown hydra ().