Electronic Interaction Enables Pt Nanoparticles on N-Doped Porous Carbon Aerogel as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with Pt-based electrocatalysts as the cathodes is still sluggish due to the unfavorable activation of water. Herein, the three-dimensional N-doped carbon aerogel (NCA) is adopted as the defect-rich support for uniform loading of ultra-fine Pt nanoparticles to prepare Pt/NCA for alkaline HER. Doping N into carbon aerogel (CA) promotes the strong electronic interaction between Pt nanoparticles and NCA, thus resulting in the electron transfer from Pt to NCA to optimize the free energy for hydrogen adsorption and facilitate the adsorption and dissociation of water.

Highly customizable, ultrawide-temperature free-form flexible sensing electronic systems based on medium-entropy alloy paintings.

High-performance flexible sensing electronics on complex surfaces operating across broad temperatures are critical for aerospace and industrial applications. However, existing flexible sensors and materials face limitations in sensitivity and thermal stability. Here, we report an ink-engineering strategy to directly print single-face MoWNb medium entropy alloy paints on arbitrary surfaces without complicated post-processing.

PN-CeO as a potential therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder, and oxidative stress plays a central role in its pathogenesis. Nanoceria, owing to its redox-regulating properties, hold promise as a treatment option for AD. Porous ceria nanorods (PN-CeO) were synthesized to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Nanoconfined Microenvironment-Regulated Photochromic Kinetics in Gold Nanocluster-Based Photoswitching Fluorescent Nanoparticles.

Photoswitchable fluorescent nanoparticles (PF NPs) have attracted significant attention for their promising applications in sensing, imaging, and anticounterfeiting. However, the behavior of photochromic motifs on the nanoscale surface remains poorly understood, limiting the rational design of robust PF NPs. In this study, we address this issue by disclosing the distinct role of nanoconfined microenvironments on the photochromic properties of PF NPs composed of fluorescent gold nanoclusters and photochromic spiropyran using a combined experimental and simulation approach.

Tailoring Lattice Oxygen Redox and Robust Structure Stability in High-Entropy Superlattice Layered Cathode for Superior Potassium-Ion Storage.

To address the inherent limitations of layered cathodes in terms of stability, kinetics, and energy density, a high-entropy superlattice layered oxide (KMnLiCoNiFeCuO, KMNCFCL) is proposed as a cathode for K-ion storage. High-entropy composition and [Li─O─K] configuration coupled with Cu─O covalency and local CuO distortion trigger and stabilize lattice oxygen redox through the anionic-cationic redox inversion, essentially a premature ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT), thereby alleviating potential issues of severe voltage hysteresis and capacity fade by restraining oxygen release and cation migration. Superior phase stability and strain tolerance with a solid-solution mechanism benefited from high-entropy stabilization, and "cocktail" effects can be successfully achieved by eliminating serious structural evolutions induced by Jahn-Teller (J-T) lattice distortion, O─O repulsion, and intercalation of electrolyte molecules.

Reaction-induced regioselective reconstruction of Ni-doped Ce(OH)/CeO enables exceptional activity and selectivity for reverse water-shift reaction.

Reconstruction of catalysts by reaction environments represents a viable approach to create highly performed active sites. Herein, we develop a reaction-induced regioselective reconstruction of Ni-doped Ce(OH)/CeO nanorods to form dual-active sites composed of carburized Ni clusters and frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), delivering exceptional activity, selectivity and stability for reverse water-gas shift reaction. Ni aggregation in the Ce(OH) region, coupled with in-situ carbonization by catalytically generated CO during reaction, induces the formation of the carburized Ni clusters, which effectively promoted H dissociation.

Inter-role reciprocity in evolutionary trust game on square lattices.

Simulating bipartite games, such as the trust game, is not straightforward due to the lack of a natural way to distinguish roles in a single population. The square lattice topology can provide a simple yet elegant solution by alternating trustors and trustees. For even lattice sizes, it creates two disjoint diagonal sub-lattices for strategy learning, while game interactions can take place on the original lattice.

A transfer learning method to solve Fokker-Planck equation based on the equivalent linearization.

Efficient methods for solving the Fokker-Planck (FP) equation are crucial for studying stochastic systems. This paper proposes a transfer learning method to solve the FP equation, enabling the training process to proceed without starting from the beginning. The equivalent linearization is first applied to unify a class of stochastic differential equations into a single simplified form.

Multi-ancestry polygenic risk scores for the prediction of type 2 diabetes and complications in diverse ancestries.

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) improve type 2 diabetes (T2D) prediction beyond clinical risk factors but perform poorly in non-European populations, where T2D burden is often higher, undermining their global clinical utility.

Methods: We conducted the largest global effort to date to harmonize T2D genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses across five ancestries-European (EUR), African/African American (AFR), Admixed American (AMR), South Asian (SAS), and East Asian (EAS)-including 360,000 T2D cases and 1·8 million controls (41% non-EUR). We constructed ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PRSs in training datasets including 11,000 T2D cases and 32,000 controls, and validated their performance in independent datasets including 39,000 T2D cases and 126,000 controls of diverse ancestries.

Disordered Cu Sites in Amorphous CuTe Nanosheets Promote Electrocatalytic Acetylene Semi-hydrogenation.

Electrocatalytic acetylene semi-hydrogenation offers a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative to conventional thermocatalytic methods, yet remains challenged by competing side reactions, including hydrogen evolution, over-hydrogenation, and carbon-carbon coupling. Here, the transformation of 2D van der Waals crystalline CuTe nanosheets (c-CuTe NSs) into oxygen-doped amorphous analogues (a-CuTe NSs) via controlled air calcination is reported. The resulting a-CuTe NSs feature a disordered Cu coordination network and deliver an ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 91.

Preparation and Evaluation of Microecological Agents Incorporating Probiotic-Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine and Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles for Intestinal Protection.

Selenium, probiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have shown significant potential in disease prevention and treatment. However, the synergistic interactions between these components and their combined effects on gut health remain underexplored. Here, we developed a novel microecological agent by synthesizing selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and fermenting a TCM formulation (Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macrocephala, Medicated leaven, Sophora flavescens, Taraxacum mongolicum, and Prunus mume) with probiotics (Bacillus subtilis ACCC 19373, Kluyveromyces lactis GG 799, and Lactobacillus reuteri LR1) in an asynchronous manner.

Impact of weightlessness on dynamic deformation and haemodynamic parameters of the heart.

Cardiovascular disease remains an important challenge for human space travel, it is particularly important for astronaut health to accurately simulate cardiac conditions in weightless environments. In this study, a coupled flow-solid model of the left ventricular (LV) and mitral valve (MV) is developed by the immersed boundary/finite element (IB/FE) method, and the boundary conditions of the model were determined from the relationship between gravitational level, LV sphericity and LV end-diastolic pressure. Based on this model, the dynamic deformation and haemodynamic parameters of the LV and the MV are investigated in different gravitational environments, such as Zero Gravity, the Moon (0.

Digital PCR in prenatal diagnosis.

Digital PCR (dPCR) has demonstrated significant potential in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) due to its high sensitivity and ability to provide absolute quantification of low-abundance targets. This review explores the broad applications of dPCR in NIPT, highlighting its advantages, particularly in identifying low-abundance fetal DNA and analyzing complex genetic variations. To further enhance its clinical utility, improvements are needed in detection sensitivity, multi-target analysis optimization, cost reduction, operational simplification, and standardization.

Probing mitochondrial peroxynitrite biogenesis by a N-morpholinoarylimine-based iridium(III) complex in drug-induced liver cells.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO), a strong oxidizing agent, has an important function in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, mitochondrial ONOO exacerbates liver injury by driving oxidative/nitrative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately triggering dual apoptotic-necrotic hepatocyte death pathways. ONOO and its functions have been widely studied by fluorescence imaging probes, owing to their strong sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and real-time ability.

Position-dependent spin-dynamics in cobalt-substituted graphene nanoflakes.

Using quantum chemical calculations, we systematically investigate the ultrafast spin dynamics in a rhombic graphene nanoflake substitutionally doped with a Co atom (Co/GNF). We put particular emphasis on the position dependence of spin-flip processes. Our calculations reveal that when the Co dopant is placed near the zigzag boundary (N-type), spin-flip processes can be accomplished within 0.

Host-Dependent Tunable Phosphorescence Based on Aromatic Heterocyclic Derivatives: Highly Efficient and Photo-Activated Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence.

Achieving high phosphorescence efficiency and photo-activated ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) based on the same molecule remains a formidable challenge. Here, a concise strategy is proposed to obtain highly efficient and photo-activated RTP by doping aromatic heterocyclic derivatives into different polymers. Aromatic heterocyclic derivatives are doped into PAM, PVA, or PAA polymers to produce high phosphorescence efficiency.

Two-dimensional vacancy-doped MXene nanomaterials for supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors (SCs) are high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices, and their performance hinges on the electrode materials. 2D MXene nanomaterials, with their excellent conductivity, tunable interlayer spacing, and rich surface chemistry, have emerged as highly promising electrode materials for SCs. However, the capacitive performance of intrinsic MXene fails to meet application requirements.

Unraveling plating/stripping-induced strain evolution embedded sensors for predictive failure mitigation in solid-state Li metal batteries.

Solid-state lithium metal batteries represent a critical frontier in energy storage technology, yet persistent interfacial instability between the Li metal anode and solid electrolytes generates detrimental electrochemical-mechanical interactions that undermine the cycling durability. To resolve this fundamental challenge, herein, we establish an innovative real-time strain monitoring that directly correlates micro-mechanical evolution with interfacial degradation during Li plating/stripping. It reveals that Li plating induces significant microstrain accumulation, while stripping processes only partially release mechanical stress.

Hierarchical RL-ESN control for autonomous underwater vehicle: 6-DOF large angle rotation maneuvering.

The attitude representation of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) typically relies on Euler angles and unit quaternions. However, existing works have demonstrated that both approaches exhibit inherent limitations when solving large-angle rotation maneuvers, primarily characterized by singularities and unwinding phenomena. In light of these limitations, this article investigates a model-free tracking control scheme for AUV to perform arbitrary large-angle rotation maneuvers in six degrees of freedom (6-DOF).

A novel PT-SMC based resilient control of cyber-physical robotic system under malicious-threats.

To address the problem of predefined time (PT) guaranteed performance control for uncertain robotic cyber physical systems (CPSs) under multiple cyber-attacks, this paper proposes a sliding-mode (SM) resilient control strategy with predefined time convergence (PTC) and guaranteed performance. This strategy aims to enhance the resilience of CPSs against diverse cyber-attacks (e.g.

Plasmonic Fiber Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Based on Shear-Force Near-Field Microscopy.

Shear-force feedback-based scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) has emerged as a vital technique for optical characterization at the nanoscale. However, the low energy conversion efficiency of the aperture fiber tip (ATFT) limits their applications in nanospectroscopy. To overcome these challenges, the plasmonic fiber tip (PFT) was integrated into shear-force feedback-based SNOM, thereby establishing the tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) platform.

Electrospun nanofiber electrocatalysts: tailoring advanced architectures for oxygen evolution reactions.

Electrospinning technology has emerged as a pivotal platform for designing high-performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts, due to its unparalleled capability to fabricate nanostructures with tunable morphologies and compositions. This review systematically summarizes fundamental principles of electrospinning and recent advances in electrospun catalysts for the OER, emphasizing structural engineering paradigms such as tubular, porous, hierarchical, composite, and high-entropy architectures. Despite compelling demonstrations of efficacy at laboratory scales, significant hurdles persist in achieving scalable manufacturing, cost efficiency, and long-term operational stability under industrial conditions.

Molecular and Electronic Structural Studies of - and - MR Complexes (M = Mo, Ru; R = CH, CHCMe): On the Interplay of Metal-Metal Bond Order and MR Pyramidalization.

Hexakis(neopentyl)diruthenium(III,III) [Ru(CHCMe) or RuNp], first synthesized in 1984, is a analogue of the classic MX Chisholm-type, unsupported metal-metal triply-bonded Group 6 complexes. We report an alternative synthetic route to RuNp and an updated low-temperature crystal structure. The Ru-Ru bond length (2.

Water-Resistant Supramolecular Eutectogel Lubricant with MoS: Thixotropic Behavior and High-Efficiency Lubrication.

The development of supramolecular gel lubricants with excellent rheological properties is critical for high-performance lubrication. Although hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) have shown considerable potential as lubricants, eutectogels containing HDESs remain largely unexplored. Herein, we report the first water-resistant supramolecular eutectogel based on HDES, exhibiting an outstanding thixotropic behavior and lubrication performance.