Ultrathin and Highly Conformal Self-Powered Sensors by Liquid-Phase Transferring.

Self-powered sensing technologies have sparked a revolution in electric devices. Furthermore, ultrathin characteristics are highly desirable for on-skin and wearable devices to achieve superior conformability on complex 3-dimensional surfaces, which facilitates improved wearing comfort and detection accuracy. However, developing self-powered sensors with ultrathin and conformal features without complicated fabrication processes remains a formidable challenge.

Novel Airfoil-Shaped Radar-Absorbing Inlet Grilles on Aircraft Incorporating Metasurfaces: Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization Using EHVI-Bayesian Method.

Aircraft, as electromagnetically complex targets, have radar cross-sections (RCSs) that are influenced by various factors, with the inlet duct being a critical component that often serves as a primary source of electromagnetic scattering, significantly impacting the scattering characteristics. In light of the conflict between aerodynamic performance and electromagnetic characteristics in the design of aircraft engine inlet grilles, this paper proposes a metasurface radar-absorbing inlet grille (RIG) solution based on a NACA symmetric airfoil. The RIG adopts a sandwich structure consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) dielectric substrate, a copper zigzag metal strip array, and an indium tin oxide (ITO) resistive film.

Investigation on the Carrier Dynamics in P-I-N Type Photovoltaic Devices with Different Step-Gradient Distribution of Indium Content in the Intrinsic Region.

InGaN-based photovoltaic devices have attracted great attention due to their remarkable theoretical potential for high efficiency. In this paper, the influence of different distributions of step-gradient indium content within the intrinsic region on the photovoltaic performance of P-I-N type InGaN/GaN solar cells is numerically investigated. Through the comprehensive analysis of carrier dynamics, it is found that for the device with the indium content decreasing stepwise from 50% at the top to 10% at the bottom in intrinsic region, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency is increased to 10.

Research on Boundary Displacement of Probe Trajectory Considering Deviations in Five-Axis Sweep Scanning Measurement.

Five-axis sweep scanning measurement technology, as a novel contact measurement technology, offers excellent reachability and high measurement efficiency for complex parts. However, deviations between the measurement instructions based on the model and the workpiece exist, leading to mismatches between the intended and actual sweep scanning areas, which manifest as displacements of the scanning boundaries and subsequently impact the acquisition of sampling points. When these sampling points are utilized to evaluate the machining quality of workpieces, the accuracy and reliability of the assessment results are compromised.

Probing the optimal architecture and molecular mechanism of insect odorant receptor heteromeric channels.

Insects have a powerful olfactory system that is far more selective and sensitive than artificial detectors. Insect odorant receptors (ORs) are key components of the system, which are ligand-gated ion channels comprising a specific odorant-sensing OR and a highly conserved odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco). However, the stoichiometric ratios of the heterotetramers remain inconclusive, and the molecular mechanism by which the ligand initiates channel opening is still not fully understood.

Unraveling the Complexity of Plant Trichomes: Models, Mechanisms, and Bioengineering Strategies.

Trichomes-microscopic appendages on the plant epidermis-play vital roles as both protective barriers and specialized biosynthetic factories. Acting as the first line of defense against environmental stressors, they also produce a wide range of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites. This mini-review highlights recent advances in understanding the development, structure, and function of trichomes, with a focus on glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) in key species such as and .

Deep graph convolutional network-based multi-omics integration for cancer driver gene identification.

Cancer driver genes play a pivotal role in understanding cancer development, progression, and therapeutic discovery. The plenty of accumulation of multi-omics data and biological networks provides a data foundation for graph neural network (GNN) frameworks. However, most existing methods directly concatenate multi-omics data as features, which may lead to limited performance.

Small target detection of bearing surface defects based on improved YOLOv5s.

In the context of industrial automation, the accurate detection of small defects on bearing surfaces (dents, bruise, scratch) is crucial for the safe operation of equipment. However, traditional detection methods have problems such as insufficient feature extraction for small targets and sensitivity to background interference. Based on this, an improved YOLOv5s small target detection method ECN-YOLOv5s for bearing surface defects is proposed.

MED8 is related to tumor immunity and has predictive value in the prognosis and treatment of glioma.

Background: Mediator complex subunit 8 (MED8) is the main regulator of RNA polymerase. Its expression is associated with a poor prognosis and tumor immune features in many tumors, but the role of MED8 in gliomas is unknown.

Methods: In this study, bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the effect of MED8 in gliomas and the correlation between MED8 and tumor immune features and the response to immunotherapy in gliomas.

Ferroelectric small molecule enabled high-performance zinc-ion batteries.

To address the challenges of zinc-anode corrosion, hydrogen evolution reactions and dendrite growth in aqueous zinc-ion batteries, we introduce tetraethylammonium perchlorate (TEACC) as ferroelectric small molecules additives in an aqueous electrolyte. The TEACC molecules partially replace water molecules in the Zn solvation sheath and enrich the electrode/electrolyte interface with TEACC-OTf, creating a water-deficient inner Helmholtz plane. As a result, the activity of free water is suppressed and the hydrogen-evolution potential shifts from -0.

Additively manufactured lightweight coaxial to circular waveguide transition for linearly polarized microwave systems.

Waveguides and transitions provide efficient, low-loss microwave transmission across a target frequency band for space communications and radar. However, traditional waveguide transitions suffer from impedance mismatch, higher-order mode excitation, field distortion, and complex-geometry fabrication constraints. This study addresses these issues by developing a Ku-band low-cost coaxial-to-circular waveguide transition prototype, fabricated by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), followed by electroless-metallization.

Sequential layer-by-layer deposition for high-performance fully thermal-evaporated red perovskite light-emitting diodes.

Thermal-evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes are highly promising for future display and lighting. However, multi-source co-evaporation faces challenges such as difficulty in regulating crystallinity, especially for red perovskite light-emitting diodes, whose external quantum efficiencies are still less than 2%. Here, we demonstrate a facile layer-by-layer thermal-evaporation strategy to fabricate high-quality perovskite-emitting films with tunable emission wavelengths.

Spillover-Mediated H* Redistribution Promotes Electrocatalytic Acetonitrile Hydrogenation in PEM Reactors.

Electrocatalytic acetonitrile hydrogenation (EAH) provides a sustainable route for ethylamine synthesis, yet suffers from low productivity, competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and high energy consumption due to suboptimal catalyst and reactor design. To overcome these challenges, we describe a palladium-copper hybrid catalyst that employs spillover-mediated active hydrogen (H*) redistribution mechanism. Hydrogen spillover from palladium with high H* coverage to copper with low H* coverage creates H* redistribution: reduced H* coverage of Pd mitigates HER while maintaining efficient EAH, and increased H* availability of Cu promotes EAH without activating stagnant HER.

Engineered PDMS microtopography: Precision regulation of tendon stem cell behavior for tendon regeneration.

Microtopography critically regulates tendon stem cell (TSC) migration for repair, yet its precise roles remain unclear. We engineered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scaffolds with precisely defined micron-scale pits and columns (diameters 7-21 μm, spacings 13-47 μm) via ultraviolet lithography and etching. High-throughput screening to promote TSC viability identified six optimal topographies: three pit-based topographies (diameters/spacings: 7 μm/47 μm, 11 μm/18 μm, 21 μm/26 μm) and three column-based topographies (diameters/spacings: 8 μm/14 μm, 13 μm/13 μm, 18 μm/18 μm).

Enhanced Microwave Absorption Performance of Amorphous CoFe Nanoparticles.

Metallic magnetic materials are extensively used to mitigate electromagnetic interference due to their high Curie temperatures and permeability. However, their high permittivity often hinders impedance-matching effectiveness, limiting their utility. In this study, amorphous cobalt-iron (CoFe) alloy nanoparticles with relatively low permittivity were synthesized using a simple aqueous reduction method at room temperature.

ZSM-5-Confined Fe-O Nanozymes Enable the Identification of Intrinsic Active Sites in POD-like Reactions.

As widely used peroxidase-like nanozymes, Fe-based nanozymes still suffer from an unclear reaction mechanism, which limits their further application. In this work, through alkaline treatment and then the replacement or occupation of strong acid sites by isolated Fe species, porous ZSM-5-confined atomic Fe species nanozymes with separated medium acid sites (Al-OH) and isolated Fe-O sites were prepared. And the structure and the state of Fe-O confined by ZSM-5 were determined by AC-HAADF-STEM, XPS, and XAS.

Coupled Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics and Cadmium on Soil-Plant Systems: Impact on Soil Properties and Cadmium Uptake in Lettuce.

Microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) in the soil environment are expected to pose a serious threat to agricultural production. However, the effect of the interaction between them on the soil-plant system and the mechanism of MPs on plant Cd uptake are still unclear. Therefore, the effects of different concentrations of polyethylene (PE-MPs, 0, 1.

Optimization of SA-Gel Hydrogel Printing Parameters for Extrusion-Based 3D Bioprinting.

Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting is prevalent in tissue engineering, but enhancing precision is critical as demands for functionality and accuracy escalate. Process parameters (nozzle diameter , layer height , printing speed v, extrusion speed v) significantly influence hydrogel deposition and structure formation. This study optimizes these parameters using an orthogonal experimental design and grey relational analysis.

The Effects of Turbulent Biological Tissue on Adjustable Anomalous Vortex Laser Beam.

In this work, we present a new partially coherent adjustable anomalous vortex laser beam (PCAAVLB) and introduce it into turbulent biological tissue. The equation of such PCAAVLB in turbulent biological tissue is obtained. By numerical analysis, the evolution of the intensity of such PCAAVLB in turbulent biological tissue is analyzed.

A Bionic Knee Exoskeleton Design with Variable Stiffness via Rope-Based Artificial Muscle Actuation.

This paper presents a novel design for a bionic knee exoskeleton equipped with a variable stiffness actuator based on rope-driven artificial muscles. To meet the varying stiffness requirements of the knee joint across different gait modes, the actuator dynamically switches between multiple rope bundle configurations, thereby enabling effective stiffness modulation. A mathematical model of the knee exoskeleton is developed, and the mechanical properties of the selected flexible aramid fiber ropes under tensile loading are analyzed through both theoretical and experimental approaches.

Genomic insights into the convergent evolution of desert adaptation in camels and antelopes.

Extreme heat and chronic water scarcity present formidable challenges to large desert-dwelling mammals. In addition to camels, antelopes within the Hippotraginae and Alcelaphinae subfamilies also exhibit remarkable physiological and genetic specializations for desert survival. Among them, the critically endangered addax ( ) represents the most desert-adapted antelope species.

Recent Progress of Stereolithography-Based Additive Manufactured Electrodes for Supercapacitors: Materials, Structures, Performance, and Perspectives.

Stereolithography-based additive manufacturing techniques, leveraging their superior capability for high-precision fabrication of 3D structures with well-defined periodicity and complex geometries, have unlocked unprecedented opportunities in constructing architecturally engineered 3D electrodes for advanced supercapacitors. Over the past few years, a series of groundbreaking achievements in stereolithography-based additive manufactured 3D structural electrodes have been successively reported, fostering a comprehensive understanding of recent advances and a strategic re-evaluation of future research direction. In this review, the latest representative progress in stereolithography-based additive manufactured electrodes for supercapacitors, covering ceramic-based electrodes, carbon-based electrodes, resin-based electrodes, and carbon-ceramic-based electrodes, is first summarized.

Response of nitrogen transformation and microbial community to aromatic compounds stress along heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification process.

Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HNAD) process has received significant attention due to its ability to remove both nitrogen and refractory organics. However, the characteristics of nitrogen transformation and the response of microbial communities during HNAD process by aromatic pollutants remain unclear. Herein, we established the aerobic microcosms under the stress of aromatic pollutants by introducing aniline, trinitrotoluene and phenanthrene.

Characterizing and differentiating brain states through a CS-KBRs framework for highlighting the synergy of common and specific brain regions.

In the field of neuroscience, understanding the coordination of different brain regions to drive various brain states is critical for revealing the nature of cognitive processes and their manifestation in brain functions and disorders. Despite the promise shown by deep learning methods in brain state classification using fMRI data, their interpretability remains a challenge, particularly in understanding the distinct characteristics of the identified ROIs. This study introduces a novel framework based on the Dynamic Graph Convolutional Neural Network (DGCNN) to identify key brain regions (KBRs) crucial for brain state classification tasks.

Deciphering potential-driven dynamics in Fe-N-C catalysts: insights into Fe-N switching and spin-state transition.

Pyrolyzed Fe-N-C materials are cost-effective alternatives to Pt for the acidic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), yet the atomic and electronic structures of their active centers remain poorly understood. spectroscopic studies have identified potential-induced reversible Fe-N switching in the FeN active centers of D1 type, which provides a unique opportunity to decode their atomic structures, but the mechanism driving this behavior has been elusive. Herein, using constant-potential molecular dynamics (CP-AIMD), we reveal that pyridinic FeN sites transit reversibly between planar OH*-FeN and out-of-plane HO*-FeN configurations at 0.