Habitual sweet and bitter beverage consumption in relation to the risk of frailty and sarcopenia-related traits: a Mendelian randomization study.

Previous studies have associated different beverage types with frailty and sarcopenia, it remains uncertain whether these associations are causal. This Mendelian randomization study aimed to investigate the causal effects of various beverage consumption on frailty and sarcopenia-related traits. Independent genetic variants strongly (P < 5E-8) associated with sweet and bitter beverages and their subtypes were used as instrumental variables.

A chemically pre-sodiated NaSn interphase enables high-reversibility anode-less sodium-metal batteries.

Anode-free batteries promise high energy density but suffer from dendrites, dead sodium, and cathode Na depletion that slow ion diffusion and charge transfer. We introduce the facile chemical pre-sodiation of Cu current collectors to form a NaSn@Cu coating, which enhances Na affinity, supports uniform nucleation, and suppresses dendrites. XRD confirms improved Na diffusion in NaNiMnO, yielding markedly enhanced reversible capacity and cyclability for anode-less sodium-metal batteries.

Cavity-confined Au@CuO yolk-shell nanoreactors enable switchable CH/CH selectivity.

The regulation of product selectivity in electrochemical CO reduction (ECOR) remains fundamentally constrained by the dynamic equilibrium between intermediate transport and surface coverage. In this study, we report a progress in catalytic architecture through precision-engineered Au@CuO yolk-shell tandem nanoreactors featuring dual-tunable parameters: cavity confinement dimensions and shell thickness gradients. This structural modulation enables dynamic control over both *CO intermediate enrichment and reaction pathway bifurcation.

Efficient integration of spatial omics data for joint domain detection, matching, and alignment with stMSA.

Spatial omics (SO) is a powerful methodology that enables the study of genes, proteins, and other molecular features within the spatial context of tissue architecture. With the growing availability of SO datasets, researchers are eager to extract biological insights from larger datasets for a more comprehensive understanding. However, existing approaches focus on batch effect correction, often neglecting complex biological patterns in tissue slices, complicating feature integration and posing challenges when combining transcriptomics with other omics layers.

Linking Electron Cloud Potential Wells to Achieve Ultrahigh Output Current in a Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

With the development of the Internet of Things and intelligent robots, there is an increasing demand for distributed flexible sensor networks and portable power devices. As a self-powered sensor and micro/nano powering supplier, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that can convert the irregular and ubiquitous mechanical energy into electrical energy demonstrates promising applications in human-machine interaction, soft robotics, wearable healthcare, etc. However, achieving ultrahigh current density and water resistance in TENGs remains challenging, mainly due to the non-utilization of the electrons in the interior of triboelectric layers.

Construction of BiOBr/Hydrophobic Carbon Cloth Heterojunction with Internal Electric Field for Enhanced Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation.

Enhancing the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers and suppressing the competition of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are potential methods to improve the activity of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. In this study, a BiOBr/hydrophobic carbon cloth (HCC) heterojunction with an internal electric field (IEF) has been successfully fabricated through a one-step solvent method. The IEF facilitates the migration of photogenerated electrons from BiOBr to the HCC.

Advances in Structural Reliability Analysis of Solid Propellant Grain: A Comprehensive Review.

Solid propellant grain, as a typical polymer, are the thrust generation devices and core load-bearing components of solid rocket motor (SRM) and are also known as SRM grain. They are constantly exposed to extreme service environments such as high temperatures, high pressures, and dynamic shocks, and have a relatively high failure rate in the field use of SRM. Its life and reliability are the shortcomings that restrict the improvement of weapons and equipment capability in China at present.

BCINetV1: Integrating Temporal and Spectral Focus Through a Novel Convolutional Attention Architecture for MI EEG Decoding.

Motor imagery (MI) electroencephalograms (EEGs) are pivotal cortical potentials reflecting cortical activity during imagined motor actions, widely leveraged for brain-computer interface (BCI) system development. However, effectively decoding these MI EEG signals is often overshadowed by flawed methods in signal processing, deep learning methods that are clinically unexplained, and highly inconsistent performance across different datasets. We propose BCINetV1, a new framework for MI EEG decoding to address the aforementioned challenges.

Advances in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology and Systems and Recent Advances in Chinese SAR Missions.

With advancements in radar sensors, communications, and computer technologies, alongside an increasing number of ground observation tasks, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing is transitioning from being theory and technology-driven to being application-demand-driven. Since the late 1960s, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) theories and techniques have continued to develop. They have been applied significantly in various fields, such as in the generation of global topography maps, monitoring of ground deformation, marine observations, and disaster reduction efforts.

Damage Mechanism and Modeling of CFRP Laminates Impacted by Single Waterjets: Effect of the Impact Direction.

In engineering practice, liquid droplet impingement typically occurs at an oblique angle relative to the target surface, yet the influence of impact orientation on damage outcomes remains contentious and exhibits target-material dependency. In this paper, a typical single-waterjet-generating technique is applied to liquid impact tests on a unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate, with special focus on the effects of the impingement angle and the fiber orientation. Finite-element simulation is employed to help reveal the failure mechanism of oblique impacts.

Durable Superhydrophobic Composite Coating Based on Hydrangea-like SiO Nanoparticles with Excellent Performance in Anticorrosion, Drag Reduction, and Antifouling.

Superhydrophobic coatings possess distinct wettability characteristics and hold significant potential in metal corrosion protection and underwater drag reduction. However, their practical application is often hindered by poor durability arising from the fragility of their micro/nanostructured surface roughness. In this study, a durable superhydrophobic coating featuring a hierarchical, hydrangea-like micro/nanostructure was successfully fabricated on an aluminum alloy substrate via a simple one-step cold-spraying technique.

Plasticized electrohydraulic robot autopilots in the deep sea.

Soft robots, with their compliant bodies, minimal environmental disturbance, and ability to withstand ambient pressures, offer promising solutions for deep-sea exploration. However, a common challenge of stiffening in soft materials impairs their effective actuation in harsh conditions. In this work, we integrated a liquid dielectric plasticizer within an electrohydraulic soft robot, serving dual critical functions as a softening agent to maintain the softness of the polymer shell and an electrohydraulic fluid for efficient actuation.

First-principles study of the electronic, elastic, and optical properties of ternary LiAlTe.

CONTEXT AND RESULTS: This study utilizes a first-principles computational approach to examine the elastic, electronic, and optical properties of LiAlTe, a ternary ABC compound. The findings, in close agreement with experimental data, demonstrate the material's strong potential as a p-type transparent conductive material. LiAlTe crystallizes in a tetragonal structure, featuring a tetrahedral arrangement that forms a stable three-dimensional framework.

A Flexible and Repairable Ultra-Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorber by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Strategy.

Ultra-broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption depends on the balance of impedance matching and attenuation, which heavily rely on the structural integrity via rigorous production process or extreme reaction condition, constraining their applications particularly in biomedicine and flexible electronics. Here, a simple one-step method is proposed to access a flexible and repairable ultra-broadband EMW absorber by the photopolymerization of one common monomer in ionic liquid. The liquid-liquid phase separation process of poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) and ionic liquid results in a high polymer content network comprising conductive nanochannels intertwined with abundant polymer chain/ionic liquid heterogeneous interface (basic unit < 20 nm).

Dynamic Localization Effect of Dendritic and Eutectic Growth Patterns Stimulated by Space Fluid Flow.

Conventional solidification theory asserts that eutectic phases solidify into only one specific morphology at a fixed undercooling when volume effects are negligible, while dendrites adopt rotationally parabolic tips. Here, experiments aboard China Space Station reveal that space fluid flow localization reshapes these dynamics: confined solute-thermal coupling near solid-liquid interfaces drives transitions among three eutectic growth patterns (worm-like, lamellar, faceted). Simultaneously, Marangoni convection at large undercoolings induces non-parabolic dendritic tip morphologies (dome-like, finger-like, needle-like).

A metaverse-based virtual reality platform for online certification using Web3.

Context: Metaverse is an emerging technology that synchronizes physical and virtual things. It is used to communicate and simulate the virtual world with the physical world through human actions in real-life scenarios. Combining blockchain and metaverse technologies produces an archetype shift in the educational technology domain regarding online certification, largely due to the impact of synchronizing educational technologies.

Decoupling Roles of Cationic Dimensionality and Valence-Electron Compatibility on Structural Resilience and Kinetics in High-Entropy Prussian Blue Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Storage.

High-entropy Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have considered as high-performance cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the impact of high-entropy component compatibility on electrodes' lattice stress and kinetics remains underexplored. Herein, a series of high-entropy PBAs are served as cathode materials for SIBs.

Strong Oxide-Support Interaction Induced Thermal Stabilization of Pt Single Atoms for Durable Catalytic CO Oxidation.

Supported metal nanoparticle catalysts often suffer from sintering-induced size-dependent deactivation, limiting their high-temperature applications. Although high-temperature redispersion offers a potential solution, this strategy remains restricted to reducible support materials, severely limiting the selection of catalyst supports with versatile compositions and tunable functionalities. Here, we engineer cationic vacancies at AlO-LaO interface via strong oxide-support interaction (SOSI)-driven interfacial reconstruction during calcination.

Emergent behaviors in multiagent pursuit evasion games within a bounded 2D grid world.

This study investigates emergent behaviors in multi-agent pursuit-evasion games within a bounded 2D grid world, where both pursuers and evaders employ multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms to develop adaptive strategies. We define six fundamental pursuit actions-flank, engage, ambush, drive, chase, and intercept-which combine to form 21 types of composite actions during two-pursuer coordination. After training with MARL algorithms, pursuers achieved a 99.

MOF-Derived InO/BiVO Composites for Sensitive and Trace Detection of -CHOH.

MOF-derived MOS with mesoporous structures and large surface areas are regarded as ideal materials for fabricating high-performance gas sensors. In this study, we successfully synthesized MOF-derived InO/BiVO composites through a three-step method that includes solvothermal, hydrothermal, and mechanical stirring processes. The characterization results indicate that the InO/BiVO composites exhibit both hollow microtube and fishbone-like structures.

Friction-Assisted Liquid Metal-Driven Anchoring of Low Redox Potential Metal Ions for Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption.

Overcoming the fundamental thermodynamic-kinetic dilemma restricting metal ion reduction/anchoring (MIRA) strategies is critical for advancing next-generation technologies reliant on precise electron transfer and stable interfaces. However, the persistent challenge in conventional approaches lies in the concurrent inhibition of thermodynamically reactions, occurrence of undesired kinetic pathways, and compromised anchoring efficiency. Here, a paradigm of friction-assisted utilizing gallium-indium liquid metal (LM) to circumvent these constraints, enabling efficient MIRA of low reduction potential (LRP) ions.

Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy With and Without PSMA PET-Targeted Prostate Biopsy for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis.

Purpose: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-GB) is associated with the underdiagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), and PSMA-PET-targeted prostate biopsy (PSMA-TB) may reduce the misclassification of PCa. The primary outcome was the accuracy of the two methods in identifying clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The secondary outcomes included accuracy in identifying clinically insignificant PCa (insignPCa; GG1) and GG3 or greater tumors, cancer detection stratified by the previous biopsy status, and the detection rate of csPCa using the combination of PSMA-TB and TRUS-GB.

Vinyl Acetate-Enhanced Polyvinyl Chloride Gel with High Electroadhesion and Self-Heating-Tunability for Soft Robots in Freezing Environments.

Polyvinyl chloride gel (PVCg) exhibits versatile electromechanical properties, making it highly promising for soft robots. However, conventional PVCg with excessive plasticizers generates a significant amount of heat and suffers from premature electrical breakdown during electro-induced actuation, seriously limiting its widespread application. Here, a novel strategy is demonstrated to simultaneously regulate the heat generation and improve the electromechanical properties of PVCg by introducing polyvinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate (PVCVA) to fabricate PVCVA gel (PVCVAg).

A Multi-Property Optimizing Generative Adversarial Network for de novo Antimicrobial Peptide Design.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a crucial role in developing novel anti-infective drugs due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and lower likelihood of causing bacterial resistance. However, laboratory synthesis of AMPs is tedious and time-consuming. Existing computational methods have limited capability in optimizing multiple desired properties simultaneously.

Strong Coupling of NiOx and Self-Assembled Molecules via Inserted Reductant for High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Self-assembled molecules (SAMs) deposited on nickel oxide (NiO) are the basis for achieving high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, the dissolution and redeposition of SAMs caused by the perovskite precursors leads to leaky monolayers, resulting in perovskite degradation and reduced stability. Here, a novel method is reported to realize strong coupling between NiO and SAMs via inserted reductant [9tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP)] for an integrated NiO-SAMs hole transport layer (HTL).