Strong Coupling of NiOx and Self-Assembled Molecules via Inserted Reductant for High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Self-assembled molecules (SAMs) deposited on nickel oxide (NiO) are the basis for achieving high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, the dissolution and redeposition of SAMs caused by the perovskite precursors leads to leaky monolayers, resulting in perovskite degradation and reduced stability. Here, a novel method is reported to realize strong coupling between NiO and SAMs via inserted reductant [9tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP)] for an integrated NiO-SAMs hole transport layer (HTL).

Causal mediation analysis for time-varying heritable risk factors with Mendelian randomization.

Understanding the causal mechanisms of diseases is crucial in clinical research. When randomized experiments are unavailable, Mendelian Randomization (MR) leverages genetic mutations to mitigate confounding. However, most MR analyses assume static risk factors, oversimplifying dynamic risk factor effects.

Regulating Desolvation and Directional Ion Flux by an Ion-Capturing Carboxyl-Functionalized Separator for Stable Aqueous Zinc Batteries.

The wide application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is limited by uncontrolled zinc dendrite growth and sluggish ion transport dynamics. This study develops a carboxyl-functionalized separator integrated with the metal-organic framework MOF-801 on a glass fiber substrate (MGS) via an in situ growth strategy. The innovative design features dual mechanisms: fundamentally, the uniform nanochannels of MOF-801 regulate Zn flux distribution through spatial confinement effects.

Computed tomography-based coronary lumen volume to myocardial mass ratio in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a novel method for risk assessment.

Background: The coronary lumen volume to myocardial mass (V/M) ratio has been suggested as a quantitative metric of potential imbalance between coronary blood supply and myocardial oxygen demand. This study was designed to assess the prognostic value of the V/M ratio for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods: This study enrolled patients who received a standard planning computed tomography (CT) scan before TAVR and dichotomized at the median of 33.

Photon-efficient camera with in-sensor computing.

Image sensors with internal computing capabilities fuse sensing and computing to significantly reduce the power consumption and latency of machine vision tasks. Linear photodetectors such as 2D semiconductors with tunable electrical and optical properties enable in-sensor computing for multiple functions. In-sensor computing at the single-photon level is much more plausible but has not yet been achieved.

Noise-tolerant LiDAR approaching the standard quantum-limited precision.

Quantum-inspired imaging techniques have been proven to be effective for LiDAR with the advances of single photon detectors and computational algorithms. However, due to the disturbance of background noise and the varies of signal in outdoor environment, the performance of LiDAR is still far from its ultimate limit set by the quantum fluctuations of coherent probe light. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a LiDAR from the detection perspective for approaching the standard quantum-limited performance.

Corrigendum: Correlation between CT-derived fractional flow reserve and myocardial strain in ischemic heart disease patients with single coronary artery stenosis assessed based on CCTA.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.

Gut microbiota alterations induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass result in glucose-lowering by enhancing intestinal glucose excretion.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) results in glucose-lowering in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may be associated with increased intestinal glucose excretion. However, the contribution of intestinal glucose excretion to glycemic control after RYGB and its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we confirmed that intestinal glucose excretion significantly increased in obese rats after RYGB, which was negatively correlated with postoperative blood glucose levels.

Fatigue analysis of railway catenary dropper based on its stress incorporating displacement loading and fluctuating wind load.

In this paper, a simple chain suspension catenary model is constructed. The acting force of pantograph is reduced to a displacement loading. The stress and fatigue life of railway catenary dropper incorporating displacement loading and fluctuating wind load are studied.

Whole-genome relaxed selection and molecular constraints in Triplophysa under adapted Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

High-altitude environments are inhospitable, but Triplophysa, the largest taxon among the three major fish groups in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), is an exception. However, the evolutionary profiling of the common ancestor and its contribution to the adaptation of existing QTP native species is unclear.We researched the comparative genomics of Triplophysa species and found that the genome-wide genes of Triplophysa and its ancestry have the characteristics of rapid evolution.

Correlation between CT-derived fractional flow reserve and myocardial strain in ischemic heart disease patients with single coronary artery stenosis assessed based on CCTA.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the correlation between CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CTFFR) and myocardial strain in patients with single coronary artery stenosis and to investigate the diagnostic value of CTFFR in identifying impaired myocardial strain.

Methods: We selected 89 patients, categorized into three groups based on the affected coronary artery: 36 with left anterior descending (LAD), 23 with left circumflex (LCX), and 30 with right coronary artery (RCA) stenosis, along with 25 healthy controls. We investigated correlations between CTFFR and both global and regional myocardial strain parameters.

Self-Organized Protonic Conductive Nanochannel Arrays for Ultra-High-Density Data Storage.

While the highest-performing memristors currently available offer superior storage density and energy efficiency, their large-scale integration is hindered by the random distribution of filaments and nonuniform resistive switching in memory cells. Here, we demonstrate the self-organized synthesis of a type of two-dimensional protonic coordination polymers with high crystallinity and porosity. Hydrogen-bond networks containing proton carriers along its nanochannels enable uniform resistive switching down to the subnanoscale range.

Sub-millikelvin-resolved superconducting nanowire single-photon detector operates with sub-pW infrared radiation power.

The noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) indicates the minimum temperature difference resolvable by using an infrared detector. The lower the NETD, the better the sensor can register small temperature differences. In this work, we proposed a strategy to achieve a high temperature resolution using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) with ultra-high sensitivity.

Crystallographic Customization of Zinc Anode for High Performance Aqueous Metal Batteries.

Aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are an energy storage system that is expected to replace traditional lithium batteries. However, the practical application of AZMBs is hampered by some inherent drawbacks. Herein, an amino acid additive with a screening property is introduced.

Thermal Shielding GdTaO-Based Thermal Barrier Ceramic with Ultralow NIR Transmittance.

Most thermal barrier coating materials exhibit transparent/semi-transparent properties at higher temperatures, causing the surface heat flow to directly heat the substrate with infrared radiation, which significantly reduces the thermal barrier effectiveness. Herein, composite ceramic materials composed of GdFeO diffusely dispersed within the GdTaO are produced. Specifically, the 0.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for discrimination of hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Differentiating hypertensive heart disease (HHD) from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is crucial yet challenging due to overlapping clinical and morphological features. Recent studies have explored the use of various cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters to distinguish between these conditions, but findings have remained inconclusive. This study aims to identify which CMR parameters effectively discriminate between HHD and HCM and to investigate their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms through a meta-analysis.

PathGPS: discover shared genetic architecture using GWAS summary data.

The increasing availability and scale of biobanks and "omic" datasets bring new horizons for understanding biological mechanisms. PathGPS is an exploratory data analysis tool to discover genetic architectures using Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) summary data. PathGPS is based on a linear structural equation model where traits are regulated by both genetic and environmental pathways.

Tamm-cavity terahertz detector.

Efficiently fabricating a cavity that can achieve strong interactions between terahertz waves and matter would allow researchers to exploit the intrinsic properties due to the long wavelength in the terahertz waveband. Here we show a terahertz detector embedded in a Tamm cavity with a record Q value of 1017 and a bandwidth of only 469 MHz for direct detection. The Tamm-cavity detector is formed by embedding a substrate with an NbN microbolometer detector between an Si/air distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and a metal reflector.

A compact multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array supporting gigabit space-to-ground communications.

Classical and quantum space-to-ground communications necessitate highly sensitive receivers capable of extracting information from modulated photons to extend the communication distance from near-earth orbits to deep space explorations. To achieve gigabit data rates while mitigating strong background noise photons and beam drift in a highly attenuated free-space channel, a comprehensive design of a multi-functional detector is indispensable. In this study, we present an innovative compact multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array that integrates near-unity detection efficiency (91.

High-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons by superconducting nanowires.

Precisely acquiring the timing information of individual X-ray photons is important in both fundamental research and practical applications. The timing precision of commonly used X-ray single-photon detectors remains in the range of one hundred picoseconds to microseconds. In this work, we report on high-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons through the fast transition to the normal state from the superconductive state of superconducting nanowires.

Image distortion by ambiguous multiple-photon detections in a superconducting nanowire single-photon imager and the correction method.

Scaling up superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) into a large array for imaging applications is the current pursuit. Although various readout architectures have been proposed, they cannot resolve multiple-photon detections (MPDs) currently, which limits the operation of the SNSPD arrays at high photon flux. In this study, we focused on the readout ambiguity of a superconducting nanowire single-photon imager applying time-of-flight multiplexing readout.

Efficacy of combining intravenous and topical dexamethasone against postoperative pain and function recovery after total knee arthroplasty: A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid with powerful anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to explore whether combining intravenous and topical dexamethasone could improve postoperative pain, swelling, and function recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: In this prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study, 90 patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA were randomized into a dexamethasone group, which received dexamethasone (10 mg) by periarticular infiltration during surgery, as well as intravenous dexamethasone (10 mg) before tourniquet release and at 12 h postoperatively; or a control group, which received equal volumes of isotonic saline instead of dexamethasone.

Sample-constrained partial identification with application to selection bias.

Many partial identification problems can be characterized by the optimal value of a function over a set where both the function and set need to be estimated by empirical data. Despite some progress for convex problems, statistical inference in this general setting remains to be developed. To address this, we derive an asymptotically valid confidence interval for the optimal value through an appropriate relaxation of the estimated set.

Molecular evolution of the hemoglobin gene family across vertebrates.

Adaptation to various altitudes and oxygen levels is a major aspect of vertebrate evolution. Hemoglobin is an erythrocyte protein belonging to the globin superfamily, and the α-, β-globin genes of jawed vertebrates encode tetrameric ((αβ) hemoglobin, which contributes to aerobic metabolism by delivering oxygen from the respiratory exchange surfaces into cells. However, there are various gaps in knowledge regarding hemoglobin gene evolution, including patterns in cartilaginous fish and the roles of gene conversion in various taxa.