Confined Diffusion Engineering of FeCoNi-Embedded Hollow Carbon Microcage toward Controllable Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Anticorrosive Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite in Marine Environment.

Rational regulation of hollow magnetic-dielectric composites is becoming a leading strategy for achieving superior electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption. However, the simple fabrication of such composites remains a challenge. Herein, a confined diffusion engineering strategy is exploited to prepare hollow magnetic-dielectric microcages, specifically FeCoNi@NCMs-CT.

Single Mitochondrion Morphology-Function Relationship Analysis Using Fluorescent Probes and Artificial Intelligence.

The ability to decode the relationship between mitochondrial morphology and function at the level of individual organelles is central to understanding cellular responses to stress, such as hypoxia. Herein, a comprehensive strategy is presented that integrates tailored fluorescent probes with artificial intelligence (AI) for single mitochondrion analysis. Focus is on three interrelated biomarkers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), viscosity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), that together form a pathophysiological axis indicative of mitochondrial state under hypoxic stress.

VHGAE: Drug-Target Interaction Prediction Model Based on Heterogeneous Graph Variational Autoencoder.

Identifying drug-target interaction (DTI) is crucial for drug discovery and repositioning. Biological identification of DTI is costly and time-consuming, so heterogeneous network methods for DTI prediction, which can speed up drug development, have drawn much attention. However, the scarcity of known drug-target pairs leads to an overwhelmingly sparse network structure.

Optimizing trajectory tracking control for hypersonic flight vehicles via ADDHP.

This article proposes an intelligent hybrid control strategy for hypersonic flight vehicles (HFVs) that integrates sliding mode control (SMC) with actor-dependent dual heuristic programming (ADDHP) to address trajectory tracking challenges. An SMC baseline controller is first developed to ensure stable tracking with model uncertainties. Additionally, a novel angle of attack (AOA) protection mechanism is designed, which maintains the AOA within constraint boundaries by generating smooth modifying signals.

External radiation spatial distribution and safety assessment of yttrium-90 resin microsphere selective hepatic radioembolisation therapy.

This study investigated the spatial distribution pattern of external radiation dose rates in patients treated with yttrium-90 (Y) resin microspheres and evaluated the potential radiation exposure to other individuals. External radiation dose rates from 15 patients were measured following therapy. A curve fit was performed using MATLAB to verify adherence to the inverse square law.

Synergistic Fe/Co Doping and Vacancy Engineering for Stable RuO in Acidic OER.

RuO is one of the most effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs); however, its long-term stability is hindered by Ru dissolution under harsh electrochemical conditions. In this study, we explore the combined effects of metal doping and oxygen vacancy engineering on enhancing the stability performance of RuO-based catalysts. Using Fe or Co as dopants, we demonstrate that doping not only decreases the Ru valence but also induces a significant enrichment of oxygen vacancies.

Significant Effects of EDTA/EDTA in ZSM-5 Zeolites: From Crystallization Mechanism to Product Morphology and Catalytic Performance.

The application of EDTA exerted a governing effect on the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolites. Analytical results revealed that EDTA presented as EDTA and EDTA in alkaline systems. Herein, EDTA served as the mineralized agent for dissolving amorphous gel into soluble Si-Al species, while EDTA acted as an electrostatic cross-linker, assembling with -butylamine and soluble Si-Al species into "Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Sphere.

The genomic history of East Asian Middle Neolithic millet- and rice-agricultural populations.

The Yellow and Yangtze river basins in China are among the world's oldest independent agricultural centers, known for the domestication of millet and rice, respectively, yet their genetic history is poorly understood. Here, we present genome-wide data from 74 Middle Neolithic genetic samples from these regions, showing marked genetic differentiation but bidirectional gene flow, supporting a demic diffusion model of mixed farming. Yellow River populations exhibit distinct genetic substructures resulting from interactions with surrounding groups during the mid-Neolithic expansion of millet agriculture.

Accelerating Energetic Ionic Liquid Discovery: A Synergistic Fusion Strategy for Property Prediction.

Energetic ionic liquids (EILs) represent a promising class of energetic materials, distinguished by their ultralow vapor pressure, reduced sensitivity, and highly tunable molecular architectures. However, their development remains largely dependent on empirical trial-and-error approaches, posing significant challenges for accurate a priori prediction of key performance metrics across unexplored chemical spaces. To overcome these limitations, we developed a predictive framework based on a combined feature and model fusion strategy.

Defect Suppression in Triple-Cation Perovskites via Zwitterionic Choline Bitartrate for Scalable High-Efficiency Photovoltaics.

To overcome the instability and scalability challenges of perovskite solar cells, we engineer zwitterionic choline bitartrate as a dual-functional additive. Its tartrate anions passivate undercoordinated Pb defects through multidentate coordination, while choline cations suppress halide vacancy migration. This synergistic mechanism enables CsFAMA-based devices to achieve 24.

Electrically switchable valley polarization and an anomalous valley Hall effect in monolayer and bilayer NbS.

Achieving electrically controlled valley polarization in ferrovalley materials is critical for their energy-efficient valleytronic applications, yet direct electrical controllability of valley polarization remains elusive in most systems. In this work, we investigate the switchable valley polarization in monolayer and bilayer NbS using first-principles calculations. We propose a sliding-based mechanism as a promising route towards valley polarization switching.

Down-Top Strategy Engineered Large-Scale Fluorographene/PBO Nanofibers Composite Papers with Excellent Wave-Transparent Performance and Thermal Conductivity.

With the miniaturization and high-frequency evolution of antennas in 5G/6G communications, aerospace, and transportation, polymer composite papers integrating superior wave-transparent performance and thermal conductivity for radar antenna systems are urgently needed. Herein, a down-top strategy was employed to synthesize poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) precursor nanofibers (prePNF). The prePNF was then uniformly mixed with fluorinated graphene (FG) to fabricate FG/PNF composite papers through consecutively suction filtration, hot-pressing, and thermal annealing.

Pulsed laser-assisted direct fabrication of MoWS alloy-based flexible strain sensors with superior performance for high-temperature applications.

Flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and stability at high temperatures are significantly desirable for their accurate and long-term signal detection in wearable devices, environment monitoring, and aerospace electronics. Despite the considerable efforts in materials development and structural design, it remains a challenge to develop highly sensitive, flexible strain sensors operating at high temperatures due to the trade-off between sensitivity and stability for the representative sensing materials. Herein, we develop a high-temperature flexible sensor using MoWS alloy films.

Radial-basis-function neural network for solving the transient probability density function under composite stochastic noise.

Systems influenced by Gaussian white noise, Poisson white noise, and periodic excitation are common in many engineering and scientific applications, making accurate response prediction essential. Poisson noise introduces impulsive jumps, while high-frequency from the periodic excitation adds complexity, highlighting the need for a new approach to address these combined challenges. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework, the radial-basis-function neural network (RBF-NN), specifically designed to resolve high-frequency oscillatory solutions in the transient probability density function (PDF) of systems under combined Gaussian white noise, Poisson white noise, and periodic excitation.

SERS nose arrays based on a signal differentiation approach for TNT gas detection.

TNT, a well-known explosive, is highly toxic and difficult to decompose, making the detection of trace amounts of residual TNT in the environment a topic of significant research importance. Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been demonstrated to be capable of capturing rich compositional information from the sample being tested. Here we show a SERS nose array that contains six individual SERS substrates composed of different components based on a signal differentiation approach (SD-SERS arrays).

Cluster Density-Dependent Electronic Metal-Support Interactions in Rh/CeO for Enhanced Styrene Hydroformylation.

Electronic metal-support interactions (EMSI) play a critical role in determining the performance of supported noble metal catalysts. While conventional strategies focus on modulating the size of noble metals or the properties of supports, the influence of the metal cluster density on EMSI remains unexplored. Herein, we demonstrate that precise control over Rh cluster density on CeO nanorods (NR-CeO) provides a powerful handle to systematically tune interfacial charge transfer, thereby establishing a negative correlation between Rh cluster density and its electron richness.

Elucidating the Thermochemistry and Rate Kinetics of 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate: An H Atom Abstraction Reactions Approach.

2-Ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) is a promising high energy liquid fuel candidate due to its high reactivity and rapid energy release. Understanding the multichannel H atom abstraction mechanisms in EHN combustion is essential for improving combustion modeling accuracy. This study employs methods and transition state theory (TST) to systematically investigate H-abstraction reactions at four specific sites in EHN, initiated by six abstractors: Ḣ, ȮH, HȮ, ṄO, O, and ĊN.

MXene-Assisted Rapid Gelation and Foaming of Gradient Hydrogel as Human-Machine Interfaces with Regulated Charge Accumulation/Dissipation and Enhanced Tactile Sensing Capability.

Hydrogel-based tactile sensors, typically featuring a sandwiched structure of electrode/hydrogel/electrode with charges (electrons and ions) accumulated at both interfaces forming electrical double layers (EDLs), are considered promising candidates as human-machine interfaces (HMIs); however, the continuous dense structure limits the deformability of bulk hydrogels, hindering the achievement of high-sensitivity and wide detectable range. Moreover, the state-of-the-art strategies for enhancing sensitivity predominantly focus on enlarging the changes of hydrogel/electrode contact area upon external force, while overlooking the design of interfacial properties and ion transport kinetics. Herein, polyacrylamide/chitosan/MXene (PAM/CS/MXene, PCM) hydrogels with gradient porosity and tailorable softness are developed following the phase-transition-induced foaming mechanism.

The inhibitory effect of extracellular vesicles derived from S. epidermidis on MRSA biofilms.

The biofilm formed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on orthopedic implants substantially impedes the penetration of antimicrobial agents, leading to recurrent bone infections and imposing a significant financial burden on patients. Prior research has demonstrated that Staphylococcus epidermidis, a conditional pathogen, exhibits low toxicity in deep tissues and effectively suppresses MRSA growth in superficial tissues. However, the mechanism by which S.

Biofunctional and Interface-Engineered Hydrogels for Advanced Tissue Engineering.

Hydrogels are recognized as promising biomaterials in tissue engineering, playing key roles as adhesives, patches, dressings, and scaffolds for tissue repair. Their interactions with tissues, from the cellular to the entire tissue interface level, have made bioinspired surface modification a significant research focus. This review systematically examines the progress in hydrogel-based tissue engineering, emphasizing the benefits of interface modifications.

In Situ Reconstruction of Bimetallic MOFs to Form Copper-Cobalt Relay Catalysis for Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (eNORR) is hindered by poor selectivity and sluggish kinetics due to competing hydrogen evolution and complex multi-electron/proton transfers. Here, a bimetallic CuCo-MOF （Metal-Organic Framework） is reported catalyst that undergoes in situ electrochemical reconstruction to form copper nanoparticles embedded within a cobalt-MOF matrix, establishing spatially coupled active sites for tandem catalysis. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the in situ-generated Cu nanoparticles selectively catalyze the nitrate-to-nitrite conversion, while the adjacent cobalt sites in the MOF framework facilitate water dissociation to provide reactive hydrogen species (*H) for subsequent nitrite hydrogenation to ammonia.

Non-contact ultrasound to assist laser additive manufacturing.

In ultrasound-aided laser melting processes such as additive manufacturing, it is generally believed that acoustic cavitation is essential for grain refinement during solidification while acoustic streaming plays a negligible role. We propose a non-contact ultrasound approach to provide low-intensity ultrasound, i.e.

Particulate reshapes surface jet dynamics induced by a cavitation bubble.

Liquid jet formations on water surfaces serve as a cornerstone in diverse scientific disciplines, underpinning processes in climatology, environmental science, and human health issues. Traditional models predominantly focus on pristine conditions, an idealisation that overlooks common environmental irregularities such as the presence of particulate matter on water surfaces. To address this shortfall, our research examines the dynamic interactions between surface particulate matter and cavitation bubbles using floating spheres and spark bubbles.

Habitual sweet and bitter beverage consumption in relation to the risk of frailty and sarcopenia-related traits: a Mendelian randomization study.

Previous studies have associated different beverage types with frailty and sarcopenia, it remains uncertain whether these associations are causal. This Mendelian randomization study aimed to investigate the causal effects of various beverage consumption on frailty and sarcopenia-related traits. Independent genetic variants strongly (P < 5E-8) associated with sweet and bitter beverages and their subtypes were used as instrumental variables.

A chemically pre-sodiated NaSn interphase enables high-reversibility anode-less sodium-metal batteries.

Anode-free batteries promise high energy density but suffer from dendrites, dead sodium, and cathode Na depletion that slow ion diffusion and charge transfer. We introduce the facile chemical pre-sodiation of Cu current collectors to form a NaSn@Cu coating, which enhances Na affinity, supports uniform nucleation, and suppresses dendrites. XRD confirms improved Na diffusion in NaNiMnO, yielding markedly enhanced reversible capacity and cyclability for anode-less sodium-metal batteries.