Frame topology fusion-based hierarchical graph convolution for automatic assessment of physical rehabilitation exercises.

Stroke rehabilitation movements are significantly influenced by patient subjectivity, leading to challenges in capturing subtle differences and temporal characteristics of patient motions. Existing methods typically focus on adjacent joint movements, overlooking the intricate interdependencies among body joints. Moreover, they lack the capacity to assess motion quality based on diverse temporal characteristics.

Electrocatalytic acetylene semihydrogenation triggered by double exchange interaction over heteronuclear metal-organic framework.

Heteronuclear metal-organic frameworks (MOF) possesses the different polyhedral structural units readily trigger the unique double-exchange interaction (DEI), which is anticipated to activate inert CC triple bond and further enhance the electrocatalytic acetylene semihydrogenation activity. Herein, a novel BTC-Co-O-Cu-BTA (BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid; BTA = 1,2,4,5 benzene tetraamine) MOF is designed that realized a remarkably ameliorative ethylene partial current density of -149.4 mA cm and a large ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 91.

A multifunctional T-cell engager containing CD80 enhances prostate cancer treatment.

Background: T-cell engagers (TCEs), the most extensively studied class of bispecific antibodies, redirect effector T cells to tumor cells to induce immune synapse formation, T-cell activation, and subsequent tumor cell killing. However, their therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors is limited by immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME). To address this challenge, we engineered an enhanced PSMA/CD3 bispecific antibody by incorporating the extracellular domain of CD80, which provides a co-stimulatory signal to counteract T-cell inhibition in prostate cancer.

Robust regularized blind system identification with application to adaptive speech dereverberation.

The normalized multichannel frequency-domain least-mean square (NMCFLMS) algorithm is a prominent method for blind identification of multichannel acoustic systems. However, the NMCFLMS algorithm relies on a constant, determined by a block of microphone signals, to define the regularization parameter. This setup makes the algorithm sensitive to variations in speech segments and noise conditions.

Optimization of short-circuit current density for tailored active region in BiFeO layer: a computational step into 3rd generation perovskite solar cells.

The global energy crisis has intensified the search for sustainable and clean energy alternatives, with solar energy emerging as a promising solution. The global energy crisis has intensified the search for sustainable and clean energy alternatives, with solar energy emerging as a promising solution. This study investigates the performance of BiFeO (BFO)-based perovskite solar cells using COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, focusing on the optimization of layer thicknesses and material properties.

Low-Frequency Microwave Absorption Composites.

Electromagnetic wave devices and components operating in the low-frequency band of 1-8 GHz (L, S, and C bands) are widely applied in wireless data communication systems, satellite radar, and other fields. However, traditional low-frequency microwave absorption materials (MAMs) suffer from issues such as large thickness, heavy weight, difficult impedance matching, insufficient low-frequency microwave loss, and poor environmental stability, severely limiting use and development. In recent years, researchers construct composite systems combining various types of loss, coupled with component adjustments and structural design strategies, significantly improving the impedance matching and multiple loss synergy effects for low-frequency MAMs.

Mechanistic Insights into the Dissolution Relay for Deep Progression of Active Sites Toward Efficient and Ultralong-Life Energy Storage.

Transition metal (oxy)hydroxides serve as efficient aqueous cathode materials but suffer from the challenge of structure degradation during long-term cycling applications. Achieving an ultralong service life, e.g.

A Multifunctional Interlayer Enhancing Water Tolerance in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.

As a protic impurity, water can severely degrade battery life and pose safety risks. Lowering the HO content in the electrolyte is essential, but it often requires energy-intensive drying technologies. Here, we develop a multifunctional interlayer utilizing dehydrated sepiolite on a commercial polypropylene separator (Sep@PP) to address water-induced challenges in lithium batteries.

Optical Autocorrelator Based on InSe-Integrated Silicon Waveguide.

We demonstrate an on-chip single-shot autocorrelator by integrating few-layer InSe onto a silicon waveguide. With the strong second-order nonlinearity of InSe, a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) signal happens when counter-propagating pulses overlap within the InSe-integrated silicon waveguide. By mapping the spatial intensity distribution of the SHG signal into the time domain, the temporal profile of the pulse and group index of the waveguide modes were characterized successfully.

The Role of Collagen Matrix in the Development and Progression of Heterotopic Ossification in Tendon and Its Biological Mechanisms.

As the primary force-transmitting structure in the musculoskeletal system, tendons are susceptible to collagen fiber disorganization and microenvironmental alterations following mechanical overload or traumatic injury. The aberrant mineralization cascade ultimately culminates in heterotopic ossification (HO), wherein heterotopic bone forms through dysregulated osteogenic processes. Current therapeutic paradigms for tendon HO remain palliative rather than curative, underscoring critical knowledge gaps in its etiopathogenesis.

Multivariate analysis of regional variations in quality, safety, and flavor of commercial fragrant rapeseed oils in China.

This study analyzed commercial fragrant rapeseed oils (CFROs) from the Southwestern aera, the Central area, the Eastern area, and the Northwestern area in China. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with quantitative descriptive sensory analysis was used to assess quality indicators covering physicochemical properties, nutrients, safety parameters and volatile compounds. The aim was to provide scientific support for determining the geographic relevance of the quality of FCROs products for regional production optimization, safety improvement and consumer guidance.

Mechanically Strong Functionalized-BNNS/PVA Composite Hydrogels with Excellent Thermal Conductivities.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels exhibit superior viscoelasticity, flexibility, and biocompatibility and have been widely utilized in wearable devices, flexible electronics, and electronic packaging. However, their low thermal conduction ability and poor mechanical performance limit their further applications and development for the high integration and multifunctionality of flexible electronics and wearables. Herein, BNNS-OH/PVA composite hydrogels containing oriented structure were fabricated via directional freezing, salting-out, and stretching, applying PVA hydrogel as matrix and hydroxyl boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS-OH) as thermal-conductive fillers.

Photothermal Anti-icing Coatings Composed of Spherical Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Modified Particles: Synergistic High-Efficiency Deicing and Superior Thermal Conductivity.

The accumulation of ice on exposed surfaces in freezing conditions creates substantial operational difficulties for critical infrastructure across aviation, energy networks, and transportation systems, elevating risks of dangerous situations. This study focuses on the development of a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with enhanced thermal conductivity, low cost, and simple fabrication. The coating combines passive anti-icing properties with active deicing capabilities, utilizing carboxylated MWCNTs modified with 1,1,2,2-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (FDTS) to form micron particles (CMPs).

Marine anemone inspired cerium oxide doped nickel catalysts for enhanced seawater electrolysis efficiency.

Seawater electrolysis offers a promising strategy for sustainable hydrogen production, yet inherent chloride ions (Cl) in seawater induce electrode corrosion, posing a major challenge to this process. Herein, we developed a novel biomimetic catalyst by doping Cerium Oxide (CeO₂) into a nickel-based system and depositing it on carbon cloth (CeO₂/Ni/CC) inspired by the tentacle architecture of marine anemones. This design endows the catalyst with abundant active sites and high specific surface area, thereby significantly enhancing its seawater electrolysis performance.

Fragment-informed SAR: rational construction of quinoline derivatives as dual AChE/BChE inhibitors.

This study introduces a Fragment-Informed Structure-Activity Relationship (FI-SAR) paradigm for developing cholinesterase inhibitors through strategic coupling of amino-functionalized fragments with quinoline scaffolds. A library of 105 conjugates was synthesized and comprehensively assessed to delineate fragment-to-conjugate activity transfer. Quantitative analysis revealed a positive correlation between fragment potency and conjugate inhibitory activity, with phenolic Mannich base derivatives showing the strongest interdependence.

Uranium immobilization by Brevundimonas vesicularis LWG1: A synergistic approach via biomineralization, biosorption, and bioreduction.

With the growing demand for uranium (U) resources, the development of efficient and economical methods for treating U mine wastewater is critical for environmental and human health protection. Biomineralization of stable U phosphate minerals offers a promising remedial approach. In this study, Brevundimonas vesicularis strain LWG1, a U-resistant bacterium capable of secreting phosphatase, was isolated from real U mine wastewater.

Unveiling the Molecular Landscape of MPO in Kikuchi's Disease: Protein Expression, mRNA Levels, and Genetic Polymorphisms.

Purpose: This study examines the protein expression and mRNA levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in patients with Kikuchi's disease, and explores the association between the MPO-463G/A polymorphism and Kikuchi's disease.

Methods: Paraffin blocks from 43 patients with Kikuchi's disease were collected, and paraffin blocks from patients with reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes, granulomatous inflammation, and myeloid sarcoma were used as controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the relevant variants.

Localization and ambiguity resolution algorithm for time-difference fusion of three satellites based on observation filtering.

To address the issues of low accuracy and time-difference ambiguity in the localization and tracking of multiple satellites, we have conducted a thorough study of the localization algorithm and the ambiguity resolution algorithm for the time-difference fusion of multiple satellites. The localization algorithm based on Gaussian-Newton iteration for time-difference fusion of three satellites is proposed. The time-difference equation observed during the satellite overhead is combined with the elevation observation equation to construct the cost function for the overdetermined case, and the nonlinear least squares problem is solved based on Gaussian-Newton iteration.

Effectiveness of clinician-directed default nudges on reducing overuse of tests and treatments in healthcare: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of clinician-directed default nudges for reducing overuse of tests and treatments.

Design: A systematic review was conducted to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials examining the effect of clinician-directed default nudges on overuse of tests or treatments, measured as a proportion of encounters or patients. Four databases and three clinical trial registries were searched up to 13 January 2025.

Core-hollow cavity-shell ternary MOF-derived composites with hierarchical heterointerfaces enable ultra-broadband electromagnetic wave absorption via multiscale loss synergy.

With the rapid advancement of 5G communication, radar detection, and electromagnetic stealth technologies, the integration of ultra-wideband absorption and thin matching thickness has become an inevitable requirement for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. This study proposes a hierarchical heterointerface-hollow cavity synergy (HHS) strategy, in which stepwise coordination growth is employed to sequentially grow ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 on an MIL-125-NH₂ substrate, followed by thermal treatment to construct a core-hollow cavity-shell (CHS) structured TiO₂/C@N/C@Co/N/C (TNCC) composite. Such a unique framework achieves a minimum reflection loss (RL) of -64.

Double exchange interaction promoted nitrate electroreduction to ammonia over heteronuclear metal organic framework.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) holds promise for mitigating groundwater contamination and represents a key strategy for the sustainable production of ammonia (NH). Herein, focusing on activating the inert NO double bond in NO, we propose that efficient electron transfer between the π and π* orbitals of nitrate and the active site of catalyst is essential for initiating and sustaining the reaction. Accordingly, a FeNi heteronuclear metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized specifically for the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia.

Localized Lead-Chelating Insulator Bottom Contact for Efficient and Stable p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells.

The defective bottom interfaces of perovskites and hole-transport layers (HTLs) limit the performance of p-i-n structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, that adding an ultrathin local contact layer of lead chelation polymer poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on PTAA HTLs is reported to fill its pinholes and strongly coordinate with the bottom uncoordinated Pb simultaneously, resulting in a reduced amorphous region in perovskites near HTLs and a passivated perovskite bottom surface. Transient reflection (TR) spectroscopy results show that the ultrathin insulation layer does not affect the charge transport and collection efficiency at the PTAA and perovskite interface.

Bidirectional Associations of Recreational Sedentary Screen Time and 24-hour Behaviors: a dynamic cross-sectional multilevel model analysis.

Background: Recreational sedentary screen time (rSST) is the most prevalent discretionary sedentary behavior and is strongly linked to poor health outcomes, but how time spent in rSST relates to other 24-hr behaviors is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine within and between day associations between rSST and other 24-hr behaviors- non-rSST or other sedentary time (other-SED), standing (STAND), light-to-moderate-vigorous physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and total sleep (SLEEP).

Methods: Baseline data from participants randomized in the StandUPTV study, an intervention that aimed to reduce rSST in adults, were included.

BMSCs-targeting piezoelectric stimulation and immunomodulatory dual-functional hydrogel for promoting diabetic bone regeneration.

Bone regeneration in diabetic patients poses a significant clinical challenge due to persistent hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation, which disrupt the crucial interaction between the immune microenvironment and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), thereby impairing osteogenesis. To address this limitation, ultrasonic-responsive barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles were coated with BMSC membranes (B-TNs) and subsequently integrated into a carboxylated modified silk fibroin (CMS) hydrogel. This resulted in a dual-functional B-TNs@CMS composite hydrogel designed to combine targeted BMSC stimulation with immunomodulatory properties.