The Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Novel Sr(AlO)(WO): Eu Green-Emitting Phosphors for White LEDs.

Phosphors, as the crucial material of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs), have played an essential role in improving luminescent efficiency and regulating color rendering index (CRI). Hence, we have successfully synthesized a novel Eu doped Sr(AlO)(WO) (SAWO) green phosphor for the first time using the solid-state reaction, as well as systematically investigated its phase and crystal structure, luminescent properties, and thermal stability. The SAWO:x mol%Eu (0.

Effect of cavitation erosion distance on the damage of hydraulic turbine materials.

Cavitation erosion could lead to material loss and structural damage in the flow components of hydraulic machinery, affecting the stable operation and efficiency of the equipment. This study established a cavitation erosion distance model for the gap in the cavitation field. High-speed cameras were used to capture the bubble distribution under different cavitation erosion distances.

Study on service performance and design method of vertical cutoff wall under multi-time-varying point source conditions.

Vertical cutoff wall is widely used as one of the in-situ remediation technologies for contaminated sites. In this paper, considering the unsaturated characteristics of porous media, a three-dimensional pollutant transport model of inner aquifer-vertical cutoff wall-outer aquifer is established. The main conclusions are as follows.

Recent Advances in Metasurfaces: From THz Biosensing to Microwave Wireless Communications.

In recent years, important progress has been made in the field of biosensing and wireless communications by using metamaterials and metasurfaces. These technologies enable efficient manipulation of electromagnetic waves through judiciously designed subwavelength structural units. This review begins by focusing on the design and optimization of terahertz metasurface sensors, emphasizing their unique advantages in biomedical diagnostics.

Dual-function FeCo bimetallic nanoclusters for ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate/nitrite reduction.

Ammonia (NH) plays a vital role in agriculture and chemical manufacturing, yet its conventional production is energy-intensive and environmentally harmful. Developing cleaner, more efficient alternatives is essential. Here we show a newly developed dual-metal nanocluster catalyst, FeCo/NC, that effectively converts nitrate and nitrite pollutants into NH through an electrochemical process.

Understanding nitrogen removal mechanisms of microbial fuel cells with different air-cathodes: pathways and microbial community analysis.

Single-chamber air-cathode microbial fuel cells (SA-MFCs) are an aeration-free, energy-positive technology for nitrogen removal, which is critical for environmental protection. However, existing studies on nitrogen removal mechanisms in SA-MFCs are conflicting, hindering further development. Focusing on removal mechanisms, this study comprehensively investigated three potential nitrogen removal pathways (ammonia volatilisation, electrochemical oxidation and biological conversion) using both conventional hand-made and 3D-printed air cathodes.

P2IFormer: A Multi-Granularity Patch-to-Image Embedding Model for Fault Diagnosis of High-Speed Train Axle-Box Bearings.

The axle-box bearing is a critical load-bearing component in high-speed trains and is prone to failure under long-term heavy-duty operation, affecting both operational efficiency and safety. Current deep-learning-based fault diagnosis methods face two key challenges: difficulty in capturing temporal features across multiple scales simultaneously, and limited capability in modeling local sequential patterns. To address these issues, we propose P2IFormer, a fault diagnosis model based on multi-granularity patch-to-image embedding.

A 3D Printing Strategy for Hard Curved Surfaced Circuits: From Materials to Applications.

With the continuous development of digital surface circuit manufacturing technology, the three-dimensional (3D) printing strategy of structural electronics has shown an increasingly wide application prospect in the field of electronics, especially in its main subfields such as conformal antennas, sensors, and aerospace. However, there are still many technical challenges in manufacturing high-precision circuits on complex curved surfaces and within structures. In view of that, this study summarizes the latest development trends and results in 3D printing technology for structural electronics, focusing on the materials, conformal manufacturing technology, printing process control strategies, and their practical applications.

CM-UNetv2: An Enhanced Semantic Segmentation Model for Precise PCB Defect Detection and Boundary Restoration.

PCBs play a critical role in electronic manufacturing, and accurate defect detection is essential for ensuring product quality and reliability. However, PCB defects are often small, irregularly shaped, and embedded in complex textures, making them difficult to detect using traditional methods. In this paper, we propose CM-UNetv2, a semantic segmentation network designed to address these challenges through three architectural modules incorporating four key innovations.

Adaptive Differentiated Parrot Optimization: A Multi-Strategy Enhanced Algorithm for Global Optimization with Wind Power Forecasting Applications.

The Parrot Optimization Algorithm (PO) represents a contemporary nature-inspired metaheuristic technique formulated through observations of Pyrrhura Molinae parrot behavioral patterns. PO exhibits effective optimization capabilities by achieving equilibrium between exploration and exploitation phases through mimicking foraging behaviors and social interactions. Nevertheless, during iterative progression, the algorithm encounters significant obstacles in preserving population diversity and experiences declining search effectiveness, resulting in early convergence and diminished capacity to identify optimal solutions within intricate optimization landscapes.

A Novel Artificial Eagle-Inspired Optimization Algorithm for Trade Hub Location and Allocation Method.

Aiming for convenience and the low cost of goods transfer between towns, this paper proposes a trade hub location and allocation method based on a novel artificial eagle-inspired optimization algorithm. Firstly, the trade hub location and allocation model is established, taking the total cost consisting of construction and transportation costs as the objective function. Then, to solve the nonlinear model, a novel artificial eagle optimization algorithm (AEOA) is proposed by simulating the collective migration behaviors of artificial eagles when facing a severe living environment.

Spatiotemporal variation and drivers of ecosystem service value: A case study in Ziwuling area, Loess plateau.

The environmental conditions have been significantly improved through the implementation of ecological protection and restoration policies in the Loess Plateau, understanding the variations of ecosystem service value (ESV) is critical for formulating regional environmental strategies. The spatiotemporal variation and drivers of ESV in the Ziwuling area (ZWL) were analyzed using the total economic value method combined with geodetector at different spatial scales, and the spatial scale effects of ESV were further explored. The results showed that the total ESV increased by 176.

Field experimental study on ground treatment of high fill embankments over expansive soils.

In valley regions where high-fill embankments are constructed, inadequate foundation bearing capacity is a frequently encountered challenge. At the Ankang Airport relocation site, expansive soils primarily originating from the Upper to Middle Pleistocene are widely distributed, which introduces substantial safety concerns for the stability of high-fill embankments. Prior to large-scale filling, a field experimental site was selected within the project area to conduct in-situ tests for ground improvement.

Wettability-Switchable Azobenzene Inverse Opal Film via Interfacial Engineering.

Precise control of surface wettability and droplet dynamics is essential for the development of intelligent interfaces and fluidic devices. However, most existing systems suffer from limited wettability modulation, an irreversible response, or complex fabrication. Herein, we report an azobenzene inverse opal film capable of reversible wettability and adhesion switching under alternating UV/vis irradiation.

Single-atom catalysts toward electrocatalytic urea synthesis C-N coupling reactions.

Urea, with a global annual production that exceeds 200 million tons, occupies an irreplaceable position in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. The conventional Haber-Bosch process and its derivatives are constrained by high energy consumption and considerable carbon emissions. Global urea production, for instance, utilizes approximately 1.

Efficient integration of spatial omics data for joint domain detection, matching, and alignment with stMSA.

Spatial omics (SO) is a powerful methodology that enables the study of genes, proteins, and other molecular features within the spatial context of tissue architecture. With the growing availability of SO datasets, researchers are eager to extract biological insights from larger datasets for a more comprehensive understanding. However, existing approaches focus on batch effect correction, often neglecting complex biological patterns in tissue slices, complicating feature integration and posing challenges when combining transcriptomics with other omics layers.

Towards digital intelligence: A sustainable approach for green and intelligent manufacturing.

In the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it has become critical for business entities to adopt intelligent production processes that align with green and sustainable economy practices and strategies with sustainability targets. However, G20 economies face a serious challenge in integrating digital intelligence into the manufacturing industry, hindering the prioritization of corporate sustainability responsibilities. Accordingly, this study employed factor analysis to critically examine digital intelligence levels of the manufacturing sector in G20 countries using the CRITIC-entropy combination weight model.

HSFF-Net: Hierarchical spectral-feature fusion network for deepfake detection and localization.

The rapid development of deepfake techniques poses a serious threat to multimedia authenticity, driving increased attention to deepfake detection. However, most existing methods focus solely on classification while overlooking forgery localization, which is essential for understanding manipulation intent. To address this issue, we propose a novel Hierarchical Spectral-Feature Fusion Network (HSFF-Net) for deepfake detection and localization from spatial- and frequency-domain views.

Sensor and Sensorless Technology with Renewable Energy and Flexible Load Participation in Active Distribution Network.

With the rapid growth of active distribution networks, the demand for intelligent and flexible operation has increased significantly [...

Performance Degradation Behavior and Service Life Prediction of Hydraulic Asphalt Concrete Under Long-Term Water Immersion.

Hydraulic asphalt concrete (HAC) is susceptible to performance deterioration under long-term water immersion. This study conducted compressive, tensile, and bending tests on HAC under various immersion times (0-96 h), established a multidimensional performance evaluation method, and developed a service-life prediction model for long-term water immersion. The average relative error between test values and predicted values was less than 5%, validating the model's effectiveness and applicability.

Temporal Deformation Characteristics of Hydraulic Asphalt Concrete Slope Flow Under Different Test Temperatures.

To investigate temporal deformation mechanisms of hydraulic asphalt concrete slope flow under evolving temperatures, this study developed a novel temperature-controlled slope flow intelligent test apparatus. Using this apparatus, slope flow tests were conducted at four temperature levels: 20 °C, 35 °C, 50 °C, and 70 °C. By applying nonlinear dynamics theory, the temporal evolution of slope flow deformation and its nonlinear mechanical characteristics under varying temperatures were thoroughly analyzed.

Preparation of Permeable Porous Alumina Ceramics by Gel Casting Combined with Particle Stacking and Sintering Method.

Porous ceramics have been widely used in various fields. In this paper, porous ceramics with through-hole structures were prepared using a novel and eco-friendly gel casting method with carrageenan as the gelling agent. Especially, the idea of large size particle stacking is introduced into the gel casting process.

Hi-Enhancer: a two-stage framework for prediction and localization of enhancers based on Blending-KAN and Stacking-Auto models.

Motivation: Gene expression plays a crucial role in cell function, and enhancers can regulate gene expression precisely. Therefore, accurate prediction of enhancers is particularly critical. However, existing prediction methods have low accuracy or rely on fixed multiple epigenetic signals, which may not always be available.

Superharmonic resonance study and fault diagnosis induced by slant crack in rotor-bearing system.

Crack faults in rotor-bearing systems can cause major safety hazards, which makes it necessary to monitor and diagnose them promptly. This paper investigates the crack fault mechanism and further proposes a diagnosis between crack faults and others. A cracked stiffness model was developed based on fracture mechanics, and the cracked rotor was analyzed in detail for stresses.

Hierarchical nano-architectonics of porous carbon from an interpenetrating Gel-CNTs network via salt-templated strategy for high-performance supercapacitors.

Biomass-derived carbon materials offer considerable potential for sustainable supercapacitors (SCs) electrodes, yet the practical application is often limited by their unstable structure, insufficient continuous conductive networks and inevitable corrosive activation processes. Herein, hierarchical porous carbon materials were fabricated through a nano-architectonic strategy that combines salt-templated activation with the construction of conductive network. Specifically, NaNO serves simultaneously as a sacrificial template and a mild activator to generate interconnected hierarchical frameworks, while the interpenetrating gelatin/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) network establishes continuous 3D conductive pathways that support efficient electron transport and preserve structure integrity.