Research on Boundary Displacement of Probe Trajectory Considering Deviations in Five-Axis Sweep Scanning Measurement.

Five-axis sweep scanning measurement technology, as a novel contact measurement technology, offers excellent reachability and high measurement efficiency for complex parts. However, deviations between the measurement instructions based on the model and the workpiece exist, leading to mismatches between the intended and actual sweep scanning areas, which manifest as displacements of the scanning boundaries and subsequently impact the acquisition of sampling points. When these sampling points are utilized to evaluate the machining quality of workpieces, the accuracy and reliability of the assessment results are compromised.

DAFF-SNN: Dual Attention-driven and Feature Fusion-based Spiking Neural Network for Epilepsy Detection based on Electroencephalogram.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals provide rich spatiotemporal brain features crucial for epilepsy diagnosis. Though traditional deep neural networks combining attention mechanisms excel in feature extraction, these models do not fully emulate the neural processing efficiency of the brain and they fall short in fully harnessing the spatiotemporal dynamics of EEG data. This study introduces the dual attention-driven and feature fusion-based spiking neural network (DAFF-SNN), which synergizes the spatiotemporal attention mechanism with SNNs' inherent temporal processing prowess to enhance the precision and efficiency for epilepsy detection.

A three-dimensional Pt@Ti₃C₂Tₓ-based smart platform for discrimination of hydrated ammonia in multi-scenario environmental monitoring.

Portable smart gas sensors are vital for hazardous gas monitoring, with ammonia (NH) sensors playing a key role in contamination tracking across agriculture, industry, and storage systems. However, precise detection of hydrated NH (NH·HO), the dominant form in humid environments, remains a significant yet often overlooked challenge due to fluctuating coexistence of multiple ammonia species, compounded by nonselective reactions and poor humidity tolerance in current sensors. Herein, a sensing platform by integrating highly active Pt catalysts into a 3D hollow spherical TiCT framework is presented.

Associations of obesity defined comprehensively by body mass index and body fat percentage with osteopenia.

Objective: To explore the association of obesity comprehensively defined by Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat percentage (BF%) with osteopenia.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data of adult men and postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 years old were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database. Weighted logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association of BF% obesity with osteopenia in participants who had different gender and BMI obesity conditions.

Bioinspired Sensor and Actuator Hybrid Pixel Array for Moisture/Temperature Mapping, Electrothermal Display and Programmable Deformation.

Natural soft organisms with sophisticated perception and deformation abilities provide inspiration for developing flexible electronics. However, the development of flexible sensing and actuating hybrid systems remains a challenge. Herein, we report a bioinspired sensor and actuator hybrid pixel array (SA-HPA) that enables moisture/temperature mapping, electrothermal display, and programmable electrothermal deformation.

Near-Infrared Mobile Cloud OA-ICOS Sensor System for Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Monitoring.

Based on near-infrared off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS), a portable carbon dioxide (CO) sensor system capable of atmosphere monitoring is proposed by targeting the CO absorption lines at 2.004 μm. To address the comprehensive issues of complex light-adjustment structures, poor sealing, and slow gas replacement, an effective optimization scheme is introduced, combining fluid dynamics to produce a stable optical resonant cavity with an optical path length of 891 m and a physical length of 30 cm.

Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Pesticides in Soil Based on Electronic Nose.

The rapid detection of petroleum hydrocarbons and organic pesticides is an important prerequisite for precise soil management. It is also a guarantee for soil quality, environmental safety, and human health. However, the current rapid detection methods are prone to sample matrix interference, complex development processes, short lifespan, and low detection accuracy.

Advanced Camera-Based Scoliosis Screening via Deep Learning Detection and Fusion of Trunk, Limb, and Skeleton Features.

Scoliosis significantly impacts quality of life, highlighting the need for effective early scoliosis screening (SS) and intervention. However, current SS methods often involve physical contact, undressing, or radiation exposure. This study introduces an innovative, non-invasive SS approach utilizing a monocular RGB camera that eliminates the need for undressing, sensor attachment, and radiation exposure.

Application of electronic nose technology in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases: a review.

Electronic noses (eNoses) are electronic bionic olfactory systems that use sensor arrays to produce response patterns to different odors, thereby enabling the identification of various scents. Gastrointestinal diseases have a high incidence rate and occur in 9 out of 10 people in China. Gastrointestinal diseases are characterized by a long course of symptoms and are associated with treatment difficulties and recurrence.

Icariside II protects from marrow adipose tissue (MAT) expansion in estrogen-deficient mice by targeting S100A16.

Icariside II, a flavonoid glycoside, is the main component found invivo after the administration of Herba epimedii and has shown some pharmacological effects, such as prevention of osteoporosis and enhancement of immunity. Increased levels of marrow adipose tissue are associated with osteoporosis. S100 calcium-binding protein A16 (S100A16) promotes the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into adipocytes.

Synergistic effect of osthole and notopterol combination against Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis by applying zebrafish AD/OP comorbidity model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) are both serious degenerative diseases, with the potential for concurrent occurrence in clinical settings, and they share certain pathological correlations. Osthole (OST) and notopterol (NOT) are the main active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, Angelica pubescens and Notopterygium incisum, respectively, and they exhibit neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects. However, whether the combination of OST and NOT produces a synergistic effect against AD and/or OP remains unclear.

The chemometrics analysis and integrated pharmacology approach to decipher the effect and mechanism between raw and processed cistanche tubulosa.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cistanche tubulosa (CT) is the dried fleshy stem with scaly leaves of Cistanche tubiflora (Schenk) Wight, which has the effects of tonifying the kidney-yang, benefiting the vital essence and blood, and moisturizing the intestines and laxatives. There are differences in the activity of CT before and after processing, but the mechanism of processing is not clear.

Aim Of The Study: The study aimed to compare the strength of action of CT before and after yellow-wine processing in the treatment of constipation and kidney yang deficiency and to identify the active ingredients responsible for the differences in activity before and after yellow-wine processing.

Macrophage membrane (MMs) camouflaged near-infrared (NIR) responsive bone defect area targeting nanocarrier delivery system (BTNDS) for rapid repair: promoting osteogenesis via phototherapy and modulating immunity.

Bone defects remain a significant challenge in clinical orthopedics, but no targeted medication can solve these problems. Inspired by inflammatory targeting properties of macrophages, inflammatory microenvironment of bone defects was exploited to develop a multifunctional nanocarrier capable of targeting bone defects and promoting bone regeneration. The avidin-modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BP-Avidin, BP) were combined with biotin-modified Icaritin (ICT-Biotin, ICT) to synthesize Icaritin (ICT)-loaded black phosphorus nanosheets (BP).

A versatile upconversion-based multimode lateral flow platform for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of microRNA towards health monitoring.

MicroRNAs are small single-stranded RNA molecules associated with gene expression and immune response, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for health monitoring. Herein, we designed a novel upconversion-based multimode lateral flow assay (LFA) system to detect microRNAs in body fluids by simultaneously producing three unique signals within a detection strip. The core-shell Au-DTNB@Ag nanoparticles act as both the Raman reporters and acceptors, quenching fluorescence from upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs, NaYF: Yb, Er) via the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism.

Slow-Light-Enhanced Polarization Division Multiplexing Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy for On-Chip Wideband Multigas Detection in a 1D Photonic Crystal Waveguide.

Slow-light photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) gas sensors based on infrared absorption spectroscopy play a pivotal role in enhancing the on-chip interaction between light and gas molecules, thereby significantly boosting sensor sensitivity. However, two-dimensional (2D) PCWs are limited by their narrow mode bandwidth and susceptibility to polarization, which restricts their ability for multigas measurement. Due to quasi-TE and quasi-TM mode guiding characteristics in one-dimensional (1D) PCW, a novel slow-light-enhanced polarization division multiplexing infrared absorption spectroscopy was proposed for on-chip wideband multigas detection.

Development an electronic nose to recognize pesticides in groundwater.

Timely detection of Groundwater pollution is essential to protect human health, especially for pesticide pollution. To solve this issue, we proposed a novel solution to realize the prediction of pesticide in groundwater by using the electronic nose (e-nose). The main work of this paper was divided into three steps: 1) checking whether sample was polluted by pesticides, 2) further predicting the pesticide type, brand and pollution degree when the sample was polluted by pesticides, and 3) optimizing the sensor array.

Exploring the Effect of Different Secondary Building Units as Lewis Acid Sites in MOF Materials for the CO Cycloaddition Reaction.

In order to explore the catalytic effect of different Lewis acid sites (LASs) in the CO cycloaddition reaction, different secondary building units and N-rich organic ligand 4,4',4″--triazine-1,3,5-triyltri--aminobenzoate were assembled to construct six reported MOF materials: [Cu(tatab)(HO)]·8DMF·9HO (), [Cu(tatab)(HO)]·7.5HO (), [ZnO(tatab)]·3HO·17DMF (), [InO(tatab)(HO)](NO)·15DMA (), [ZrO(OH)(tatab)(Htatab)(HO)]·Guest (), and [ZrO(OH)(tatab)(HO)]·Guest () (DMF = ,-dimethylformamide, and DMA = ,-dimethylacetamide). Large pore sizes of compound enhance the concentration of substrates, and the multi-active sites inside its framework synergistically promote the process of the CO cycloaddition reaction.

A Multi-Scale Tool Orientation Generation Method for Freeform Surface Machining with Bull-Nose Tool.

Free-form surface parts are widely used in industries, and they consist of intricate 3D surfaces such as molds, impellers, and turbine blades that possess complex geometrical contours and demand high precision. Proper tool orientation is crucial for ensuring the efficiency and accuracy of five-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machining. Multi-scale methods have received much attention and have been widely used in various fields.

Improving Recognition Accuracy of Pesticides in Groundwater by Applying TrAdaBoost Transfer Learning Method.

Accurate and rapid prediction of pesticides in groundwater is important to protect human health. Thus, an electronic nose was used to recognize pesticides in groundwater. However, the e-nose response signals for pesticides are different in groundwater samples from various regions, so a prediction model built on one region's samples might be ineffective when tested in another.

Development of an electronic nose to characterize water quality parameters and odor concentration of wastewater emitted from different phases in a wastewater treatment plant.

For public health consideration, it is important to ensure the wastewater discharged from wastewater treatment plant is within the regulatory limits. This problem can be effectively solved by improving the accuracy and rapid characterization of water quality parameters and odor concentration of wastewater. In this paper, we proposed a novel solution to realize the precisive analysis of water quality parameters and odor concentration of wastewater by the electronic nose device.

A preliminary screening system for diabetes based on in-car electronic nose.

Studies have found differences in the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the breath of diabetics and healthy people, prompting attention to the use of devices such as electronic noses to detect diabetes. In this study, we explored the design of a non-invasive diabetes preliminary screening system that uses a homemade electronic nose sensor array to detect respiratory gas markers. In the algorithm part, two feature extraction methods were adopted, gradient boosting method was used to select promising feature subset, and then particle swarm optimization algorithm was introduced to extract 24 most effective features, which reduces the number of sensors by 56% and saves the system cost.

A New Approach of Modelling Bottom Edge Cutting in 4-Axis Rough Milling of Complex Parts and Its Application on Feed Rate Optimization.

Complex mechanical parts such as a blisk of aero-engines are commonly used in aerospace industry. These parts are complex in shape and their rough machining are conducted in 4-axis machine tools with end mills. The end mills are fully engaged into the workpiece material to be removed.

Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Cutting-Edge Radius on Cutting Force and Stress Concentration during Machining.

Cutting is the primary method of material removal, and the quality of machined parts depends on the geometry of cutting tools. In this paper, a new cutting force coefficient model is established, revealing the influence of cutting-edge radius on the cutting process. The effects of cutting-edge radius on the shear angle and cutting force components are analyzed by finite element simulations.

A multi-platform sensor for selective and sensitive HS monitoring: Three-dimensional macroporous ZnO encapsulated by MOFs with small Pt nanoparticles.

The high-selectivity and high-sensitivity determination of trace concentrations of toxic gases is a major challenge when using semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors in complicated real-world environments. In this study, by strategically combining a three-dimensional inverse opal (3DIO) macroporous ZnO substrate and a ZIF-8 outer filter membrane, two series of sensors with Pt NPs loaded at different locations are developed. In the optimal 3DIO ZnO@ZIF-8/Pt sensor, the existence of small Pt NPs in ZIF-8 cavities can effectively accelerate the absorption of HS, capture electrons from the N site of ZIF-8, and donate the electron to the S site of HS, as indicated by density functional theory simulations, leading to a significantly increased response to HS.

Accurate Modeling of Working Normal Rake Angles and Working Inclination Angles of Active Cutting Edges and Application in Cutting Force Prediction.

The normal rake angle is an important geometric parameter of a turning tool, and it directly affects the accuracy of the cutting force prediction. In this study, an accurate model of the working normal rake angle (WNRA) and working inclination angle (WIA) is presented, including variation in the cutting velocity direction. The active cutting edge of the turning tool is discretized into differential elements.