Dynamics of a pine wilt disease control model with nonlocal competition and memory diffusion.

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is mainly spread by Monochamus alternatus (in short, M. alternatus). Woodpecker, as the natural predator of M.

Immunogenicity and protection against infectious bursal disease via a transgenic Eimeria acervulina expressing IBDV VP2-2C3d fusion protein.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), significantly threatens global poultry health by inducing immunosuppression and causing economic losses. To enhance vaccination efficacy, we engineered a transgenic strain of Eimeria acervulina (Ea-2C3d) expressing a fusion protein composed of IBDV VP2 and three tandem C3d segments (3C3d), utilizing C3d's adjuvant properties to boost immune responses. The transgene was generated by integrating codon-optimized VP2 and 3C3d sequences into the E.

Perovskite Nanozyme-Mediated Sonocatalytic Therapy: A Mitochondrion-Targeted Strategy for Enhanced Cancer Therapy.

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through nanozyme-mediated sonocatalytic therapy has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in the field of cancer. Nevertheless, it remains a significant challenge for nanozymes with a single catalytic active center to generate sufficient ROS via Fenton or Fenton-like reactions to effectively induce tumor cell death. In order to enhance the catalytic efficacy, we devised and synthesized a multiple active centre and mitochondrial-targeted perovskite nanozyme (NCFP), doped with cobalt (Co) element, and incorporated 4-carboxybutyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP) as a mitochondrial targeting marker for ultrasound (US)-assisted enzyme-like catalytic treatment of tumors.

Contrasting age-dependent leaf acclimation strategies drive vegetation greening across deciduous broadleaf forests in mid- to high latitudes.

Increasing leaf area and extending vegetation growing seasons are two primary drivers of global greening, which has emerged as one of the most significant responses to climate change. However, it remains unclear how these two leaf acclimation strategies would vary across forests at a large spatial scale. Here, using multiple satellite-based datasets and field measurements, we analysed the temporal changes (Δ) in maximal leaf area index (LAI) and length of the growing season (LOS) from 2002 to 2021 across deciduous broadleaf forests (DBFs) in the middle to high latitudes.

Cellulosic Flexible Electronic Materials: Recent Advances in Structural Design, Functionalization, and Smart Applications.

Rapid advancement of flexible electronics has generated a demand for sustainable materials. Cellulose, a renewable biopolymer, exhibits exceptional mechanical strength, customizable properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. These attributes are largely due to its hierarchical nanostructures and modifiable surface chemistry.

Temperature-Dependent Population Model of Apple Leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae).

The Asiatic apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Matsumura), is a significant secondary pest of apple trees in Northeast Asia. To better understand its population dynamics, a population model based on temperature-developmental relationships was constructed. This model includes three sub-models: spring emergence, immature stage transition, and adult oviposition.

Molecular-scale mechanism of extracellular protein over-flocculation for sewage sludge dewatering by polyacrylamide.

Flocculation is one of the most common treatment processes for sludge dewatering, representing the last line of solid-liquid separation for sludge dewatering. However, the macroscopic and descriptive theories of polyacrylamide (PAM) -based over-flocculation have limited the optimization of its performance in the dewatering of sewage sludge, whose water is typically trapped within a three-dimensional gel matrix governed by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This study focuses on loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) to uncover molecular-level mechanism of excessive PAM dosing.

Discarded sericultural mulberry branch based triple layer composite phase change material with lignin enhanced thermal management capability.

With the exhaustion of fossil fuels, prior phase change materials are characterized by such drawbacks as poor thermal conductivity, weak shape stability, and high costs. Therefore, the preparation of phase change materials with brilliant thermal-insulating properties, high thermal conductivity, and leakage-free properties has emerged as a crucial research focus. Herein, a sericultural mulberry branch-derived (SMB) composite phase change material was prepared by deep eutectic solvent pretreated SMB and vacuum-assisted impregnated paraffin wax with cupric oxide (CuO).

MXene-Based Peroxidase-Like Nanozymes: Interfacial Effects for Biomedical Applications.

MXene-based peroxidase (POD)-like nanozymes demonstrate significant potential in biomedical applications due to their 2D structure, tunable catalytic activity, and interfacial effects. This review summarizes recent advances in MXene-POD nanozyme design, focusing on interfacial effects modulation via external stimuli (e.g.

Decahedron-derived five-fold twin noble metal nanocrystals: Solution-phase synthesis, growth mechanism, and applications.

Five-fold twinned (FFT) noble metal nanocrystals have attracted considerable interest in nanoscience due to their unique structures. This review gives a comprehensive analysis on four common types of FFT noble metal NCs (Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt) synthesized in solution, covering both monometallic structures (e.g.

A comparative theoretical study on the photoisomerization and antioxidant capacity of resveratrol and its Azo/Dihydro analogs.

This study employs a suite of quantum chemical methods to systematically investigate the photoisomerization mechanism and antioxidant activity of resveratrol (Res) and two key derivatives, Azo-Resveratrol (AzoRes) and Dihydro-Resveratrol (dhRes), thereby elucidating the impact of molecular scaffold modification on their structure-activity relationships. Employing density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT), spin-flip TD-DFT and multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2), we investigated the geometric configurations, absorption spectra, photoisomerization pathways, and key antioxidant parameters for all three molecules. The results reveal that the substitution of the CC bond with an NN linkage (AzoRes) induces a bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum, introduces a low-energy n → π* transition, and facilitates a barrierless photoisomerization pathway.

Research on enhancing road apparent crack detection based on the improved YOLOv8n model.

The improved YOLOv8n algorithm is proposed for the existing target detection algorithms to solve the issues of insufficient detection accuracy and leakage due to the target scale variability and complex background interference during road surface crack detection. This algorithm introduces the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) attention mechanism and integrates it with the cross-stage partial-feature fusion (C2f) module in the backbone network. The spatial pyramid pooling faster cross-stage partial channel (SPPFCSPC) module is introduced by integrating the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module with the Fully Cross-Stage Partial Convolution (FCSPC) module, which efficiently extracts multi-scale features.

Toxic Effects of Vanillic Acid and Sinapic Acid on .

The tolerance of the fall armyworm () to plant-derived secondary compounds gradually increases with instars. Therefore, even if plant-based additives are applied at early stages, such as the second or third instar, they may have a differential impact on the ecofriendly control of . In this study, larvae were exposed to vanillic acid or sinapic acid at the second and third instar, and physiological and growth parameters were measured.

Olfactory Molecular Mechanism Study on the Recognition of the Danger Signal 1-Octen-3-ol in the Parasitic Wasp .

The odor-driven behavior of parasitoids critically determines their efficacy as biological control agents. Although host-seeking mechanisms are well studied, little is known about their danger signal detection capacity. Here, we studied the synergistic action of odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and odorant receptors (ORs) while detecting the repellence of 1-octen-3-ol in .

Toxicity of luteolin on Hyphantria cunea larvae: construction of plant-derived microcapsule pesticide.

Background: Hyphantria cunea, a major global quarantine pest, poses significant threats to agroforestry ecosystems and sustainable economic development. This study investigated the formulation of luteolin microcapsules via a single coacervation method, based on biotoxicity analysis of luteolin against H. cunea larvae.

Refugial isolation and ecological niche differentiation promote genetic divergence of Oresitrophe and Mukdenia in Northeast Asia.

Premise: The demographic histories of temperate plants in Northeast Asia in response to Quaternary climate oscillations have long been the focus of evolutionary biologists, but have rarely been studied in herbaceous plants. Here, we investigated the phylogeographic patterns of Mukdenia and Oresitrophe.

Methods: We sequenced two plastid regions for O.

"One Rocket, Multiple Satellites": Natural Small Molecule Nanocarriers With In-Situ Nanosphere-to-Nanofiber Transition for Combined Chemo/PDT/Anti-Angiogenic Antitumor Therapy.

Drug delivery based on dynamic morphological transformation represents the cutting-edge strategy at the forefront of chemotherapy, integrating individual advantages that depend on the delivery stage and spatially resolved morphology. However, developing a tumor-specific, in vivo morphologically transformable small-molecule drug delivery system to achieve enhanced drug accumulation and photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy remains challenging. In this study, a multifunctional PDT formulation using natural small molecules as nanocarriers is developed, combining a tumor-targeting photosensitizer and anti-angiogenic therapy.

Comparative benchmarking of single-cell clustering algorithms for transcriptomic and proteomic data.

Background: Differences in data distribution, feature dimensions, and quality between different single-cell modalities pose challenges for clustering. Although clustering algorithms have been developed for single-cell transcriptomic or proteomic data, their performance across different omics data types and integration scenarios remains poorly investigated, which limits the selection of methods and future method development.

Results: In this study, we conduct a systematic and comparative benchmark analysis of 28 computational algorithms on 10 paired transcriptomic and proteomic datasets, evaluating their performance across various metrics in terms of clustering, peak memory, and running time.

DDM1-Mediated DNA Methylation Regulates Leaf Serration in Arabidopsis thaliana.

DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification that is stably inherited across both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions in plants. It is regulated by multiple epigenetic pathways, and alterations in methylation can lead to phenotypic variation independent of changes in the DNA sequence. In this study, changes in DNA methylation triggered by the chromatin remodeler DDM1 (DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1) were found to influence leaf phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Dietary Omega-3 alleviates copper-induced nephrotoxicity via suppression of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and lipid metabolism disorder in chickens.

Excessive use of copper (Cu) in poultry farming induces nephrotoxicity closely related to inflammatory response and lipid metabolism disorder, but the mechanism remains unclear. Omega-3 (Ω-3), a natural polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress properties, has been demonstrated to exert protective effects on the kidneys. However, whether Ω-3 can alleviate Cu-induced renal injury and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Sulfonation-modified Artemisia sphaerocephala gum films: Fabrication strategies and characterization.

To enhance the bioactivity and expand the application scope of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch polysaccharide gum (ASKG), it was sulfonated to yield sulfonated ASKG (S-ASKG). Using ASKG as a control, comparative analyses of the physicochemical properties and functional characteristics were performed. Films fabricated from S-ASKG and ASKG were comparatively analyzed for their structural, mechanical, and barrier properties.

PSMD14 promotes breast cancer progression by reducing K63-linked ubiquitination on FOXM1 and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

The 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 (PSMD14), a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), mediates progression in multiple malignancies. However, the functional significance of PSMD14 in breast cancer remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to investigate the oncogenic role and molecular mechanisms of PSMD14 in breast cancer.

Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction optimization of Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides, and combined analysis of the relationship between polysaccharide structure and activity by liquid chromatography and GC-MS.

Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDPS) serves as a key active component in both medicinal and edible functional foods. By optimizing the enzyme ratio and ultrasonic extraction parameters, the extraction yield was raised to 23.83 %, and four fractions (CDPS-1 to CDPS-4) were obtained through graded purification.

Effect of the donor unit heterocyclic substitution strategy on the performance of Zn porphyrin-based hole transport materials.

Hole transport materials (HTMs) are instrumental in determining the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Consequently, it is essential to develop suitable HTMs that can effectively facilitate hole extraction and transport within PSCs. In this study, we conducted theoretical investigations utilizing quantum chemistry methods on the promising HTM molecule YZT1, which features a diacetylene-based Zn porphyrin as its core moiety and dibutyl aniline as the donor moiety on either side.