MOF-derived Pd/CeO-NC catalyst for efficient electrooxidation of formic acid.

The MOF-derived Pd-CeO/NC catalyst exhibited enhanced formic acid electrooxidation activity due to interfacial electronic reconstruction, which downshifted the Pd d-band centre, thereby promoting the indirect oxidation of HCOOH and facilitating CO* oxidation.

Beaver behavior optimizer: A novel metaheuristic algorithm for solar PV parameter identification and engineering problems.

Introduction: Numerical optimization plays a key role in improving the efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and solving complex engineering problems. Traditional optimization methods often struggle with finding optimal solutions within a reasonable timeframe due to high-dimensional and non-linear problem landscapes.

Objectives: This study aims to introduce a novel swarm intelligence algorithm, the Beaver Behavior Optimizer (BBO), inspired by the cooperative behaviors of beavers during dam construction.

Decahedron-derived five-fold twin noble metal nanocrystals: Solution-phase synthesis, growth mechanism, and applications.

Five-fold twinned (FFT) noble metal nanocrystals have attracted considerable interest in nanoscience due to their unique structures. This review gives a comprehensive analysis on four common types of FFT noble metal NCs (Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt) synthesized in solution, covering both monometallic structures (e.g.

Directed Structural Evolution of Nickel Nanoparticles into Atomically Dispersed Sites for Efficient CO Electroreduction.

Electrochemical CO reduction (CORR) to carbon monoxide (CO) offers a sustainable pathway for carbon utilization, yet challenges remain in terms of improving selectivity and activity. Herein, we report a Ni/NC catalyst synthesized via a milling - pyrolysis method, in which Ni particles anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) are electrochemically activated under an Ar atmosphere, leading to their structural evolution into single-atom Ni sites. After activation in Ar atmosphere, the current density nearly doubles (from ≈30 to ≈60 mA cm), and concurrently, the Faradaic efficiency of CO stays at ∼90% with the potential set to -0.

Tailoring the Effects of Spin State and Intermediate Hydrogen Adsorption on NiPt/Ni Bridge Sites toward Robust Acidic Water Electrolysis.

Precise modulation of the electronic structure in transition metals, particularly the d-band center position and spin state, remains a critical challenge to expediting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics. Herein, we report a NiPt/Ni-heterostructured catalyst enabling simultaneous optimization of the d-band electronic structure and spin state of Ni through regulation of the NiPt and Ni bridge sites. Combining operando spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, density functional theory, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we establish that the coordination environment and spin states of Ni at the bridge sites were effectively modulated by altering the Pt content, achieving a transition of Ni centers from the low-spin to high-spin state, and optimized intermediate adsorption/desorption behaviors.

Advancements in hydrogels: A comprehensive review of natural, synthetic, and hybrid innovations for wound healing.

Natural and synthetic hydrogels are beneficial for wound healing because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and capability to maintain a moist healing environment. Natural hydrogels, sourced from materials like hyaluronic acid (HA), chitosan, alginate, and collagen, replicate the extracellular matrix and play a vital role in cell migration, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. These materials promote wound healing by keeping a moist environment and offer inherent biological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.

Similar coordination environments promote indium-doped MOF-74-Co precatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction.

The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) necessitate the use of efficient, non-precious metal catalysts. This work reports the rational design of an indium-doped bimetallic metal-organic framework (MOF-74-CoIn) as a precatalyst, achieved through post-synthetic modification of MOF-74-Co. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm that In(III) incorporation induces CoO bond contraction while preserves the overall structural integrity.

Buried interface anchored octahedra for efficient sky-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes.

Challenges such as interfacial nonradiative recombination and halogen phase separation have impeded the progress of blue PeLEDs. Here, a triammonium citrate layer is buried beneath perovskite films, which reorganizes the phase distribution and inhibits interfacial nonradiative recombination by anchoring PbX octahedra. By settling these key issues, efficient stable sky-blue PeLEDs have been successfully developed.

Recent Development in Emerging 2D Rare Earth Materials: Compositions, Syntheses, and Applications.

2D rare earth (RE) materials have recently attracted extensive research interests owing to the unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, exhibiting great potential applications in next-generation lighting, optoelectronics, and magnetic devices. However, reviews on 2D RE materials are rare and only focus on certain families despite their importance. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent progress of 2D RE materials is presented, covering structures, properties, syntheses, and applications.

digestibility of the polysaccharide fermented using and its improving effect on intestinal inflammation in zebrafish.

This study investigated the digestion characteristics of the polysaccharide fermented using (LA-rSFP) and its effects on dextran sulfate sodium-induced intestinal inflammation in zebrafish. The treatment substantially decreased the molecular weight of LA-rSFP and increased the reducing sugar content during gastrointestinal digestion. LA-rSFP considerably enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and markedly decreased malondialdehyde content, indicating a reduction in oxidative stress in the intestinal environment.

Perfluorodecanoic Acid (PFDA) Disrupts Immune Regulation via the Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Zebrafish.

As there are a growing number of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) alternative substitutes applied globally, it remains paramount to characterize their potential health risks. Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is the most common alternative PFAS detected in the environment; however, its toxic effects and underlying mechanism of action to aquatic biota remains unclear. In this study, we present evidence of PFDA-induced immunotoxicity and gain insight into underlying molecular mechanisms.

Stereodivergent 3,4-Hydroalkoxylation of 1,3-Dienes Via Dual Photo and Copper Catalysis.

We developed a photocatalytic copper-catalyzed stereodivergent 3,4-hydroalkoxylation of 1,3-dienes. By simply controlling reaction time, this protocol selectively affords either - or -allylic ethers in moderate to excellent yields with high stereoselectivity (up to >20/1). The transformation demonstrates remarkable scalability, maintaining excellent stereocontrol even at gram-scale operations.

A Universal Voltage-Enhancement Strategy Based on Multifunctional Ligand-Mediated Modulation for Na-Layered Oxide Cathode.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising energy storage solutions due to resource abundance and low cost, yet their practical deployment is hindered by limited operating voltages of cathode materials. Herein, we propose a universal ligand-field engineering strategy to enhance voltage through electronic structure modulation in transition metal oxides. Using the NaMgMnO as a model system, weak-field ligands are introduced to alter the coordination environment of MnO octahedra.

Divergent Synthesis of Polycyclic N‑Heterocycles via Controllable Cyclization of Divinylallenes Catalyzed by Copper and Gold.

The generation of metal carbenes from readily available allenes represents a remarkable advance in metal carbene chemistry. However, most of these transformations are mainly restricted to the noble-metal catalysts (Au and Pt). Here, a copper-catalyzed desymmetric cyclization reaction of divinylallenes is described, enabling the practical and atom-economical synthesis of a diverse array of valuable triazolo-fused pyridazines and tetracyclic N-heterocycles by a presumable copper carbene intermediate and a highly selective 1,2-N shift process.

BST-2 Promotes N Protein Degradation and Inhibits Viral Replication Through the MARCHF8/NDP52 Autophagy Pathway.

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a recently discovered enteric coronavirus that has caused considerable economic losses in the pig industry. SADS-CoV was first reported in 2017 in Guangdong Province, China, and subsequently in Fujian, Guangxi, Henan and Jiangxi Provinces. Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2), also known as tetherin, acts as an antiviral protein to limit the release of a wide range of enveloped viruses.

Sowing the seeds of sustainability: Digitalization, renewable energy, and carbon emissions in emerging economies' global value chains.

This study explores how digitalization moderates the link between renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions within global value chains across 31 emerging economies from 2001 to 2022. Employing a robust panel data approach, the research utilizes advanced econometric techniques such as fixed and random effects models with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors, and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) estimators to account for cross-sectional dependence, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. Our findings reveal that renewable energy consumption significantly lowers carbon emissions in global value chains, emphasizing its environmental benefits.

Integrating CO electroreduction with phenol hydrogenation on an oxygen-affinity tailored catalyst.

Electrocatalytic CO reduction (ECR) to formic acid faces challenges in separating and purifying a formate-electrolyte mixture. In situ utilization of this mixture presents a promising yet underexplored solution. Here, we report the synthesis of BiPdTe nanocrystals (NCs) via a microwave-assisted cation topological exchange approach, enabling the precise tuning of surface oxygen affinities to simultaneously optimize the ECR and catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of phenol.

Layer-by-Layer Fabrication of Fullerene-Intercalated Orthogonal Molecular Architectures Enhances Thermoelectric Behavior of Graphene-Based Nanodevices.

Despite the significant potential of molecular-scale devices for miniaturized electronics and energy conversion applications, conventional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) exhibit limitations in simultaneously optimizing electrical conductivity and thermopower due to constrained electronic pathway modulation. This study demonstrates a molecular engineering strategy employing a discretely arranged conjugated molecular backbone to construct ordered cage-like supramolecular cavities, enabling controlled intercalation of fullerene within bipyridine-based SAMs grown on graphene-substrates. Quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy measurements confirmed the structural integrity of the fullerene-trapped SAMs.

Boosting peroxidase-like activity of single-atom nanozymes sulfur-doped Fe-N-C sites for rapid rhodamine B degradation at neutral pH.

Rhodamine B (RhB), a persistent carcinogenic dye, poses critical challenges for environmental remediation. Herein, we report a sulfur-doped single-atom nanozyme (FeNC-SO SAzyme) with boosted peroxidase-mimetic activity for rapid RhB degradation. FeNC-SO, synthesized pyrolysis and sulfur modification, features a sulfur-doped carbon network with atomically dispersed Fe-N-C-S active sites.

Endophytic bacteria enhance cadmium remediation through siderophore production and soil microbial dynamics.

Microbial remediation of heavy metals (HMs) is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to soil restoration. This study aimed to identify the endophytic bacterial strain with the highest capacity to mobilize cadmium (Cd) among four isolates from root nodules. We conducted soil incubation experiments under four Cd contamination levels (10, 40, 80 and 300 mg kg) and three inoculation treatments, and measured soil extractable Cd, microbial community composition, and diversity.

Analysis of ischemic intestinal tissue composition based on visible and near-infrared reflectance hyperspectral imaging and multivariate curve resolution.

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening, rapidly progressive disease. Conventional diagnostic methods have their own limitations. Therefore, a non-invasive, real-time and efficient diagnostic method is needed.

Gut-brain axis dysfunction mediates neurotoxicity of embryonic p-phenylenediamine exposure in zebrafish.

P-phenylenediamine antioxidants (PPDs) are widely used in the rubber industry and are increasingly recognized as environmental contaminants, raising concerns about their potential risks to wildlife and human health. Our present study investigated the neurotoxicity of embryonic exposure to a sublethal concentration (0.05 mg/L) of three PPDs (CPPD, IPPD and 77PD) in zebrafish.

A Simplified Method for Extracting the Movement Trajectories of Small Aquatic Animals.

Understanding the motion behaviors of animals is crucial for unraveling the mechanisms underlying ethology across various domains, such as movement patterns, food detection, and defense strategies. In this study, we devised a simplified method enabling the movement of small animals to be tracked conveniently using high-resolution smartphone videos and freely available tracking software. Employing a laboratory video setup, we traced the swimming trajectory of the small copepod zooplankton , which has a body size of approximately 1 mm.

The first discovery of the group IV GETV from Pangolin, China.

We confirmed novel Group IV Getah virus (GETV) was detected from pangolin, which is the first discovered new host. And this is the first discovery of Group IV GETV in Guangxi province, China. This strain, named CHIKV-China/GX2020, is highly homologous to the 2017 Thailand strain.

Using Vibration for Secure Pairing With Implantable Medical Devices: Development and Usability Study.

Background: Implantable medical devices (IMDs), such as pacemakers, increasingly communicate wirelessly with external devices. To secure this wireless communication channel, a pairing process is needed to bootstrap a secret key between the devices. Previous work has proposed pairing approaches that often adopt a "seamless" design and render the pairing process imperceptible to patients.