Advances in methods for rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are important pathogens that are closely associated with hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections.

Directed Design of Anti-Idiotypic Nanobody with Antibacterial Activity against Foodborne and Its Innovative Application in Green Immunoassay.

Anti-idiotypic antibodies (Anti-Ids) possess the properties to mimic the structure and biological activity of an antigen, which can be utilized for preventing and monitoring hazards. In this study, Nb4Mutant6-Anti-Id, which mimics the structure and antibacterial activity of vancomycin, was designed based on phage display antibody library screening and mutagenesis technology. The affinity of Nb4Mutant6-Anti-Id for the coated antigens of Van-pAbs F(ab)2 and inactivated cells was 6.

T-2 Toxin Exploits Gut-Derived Staphylococcus Saprophyticus to Disrupt Hepatic Macrophage Homeostasis.

T-2 toxin, a mycotoxin that frequently causes hidden contamination in food and animal feed, poses a substantial threat to both human and animal health. Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is an opportunistic pathogen that widely infects humans and various animals.

PEDUNCLE LENGTH 1 regulates wheat peduncle elongation through brassinosteroid signaling pathway.

This study identifies TaPL1, a MADS-box transcription factor underlying the QFiriti-6B QTL, as a key regulator of peduncle elongation in wheat. TaPL1 enhances brassinosteroid signaling through direct suppression of TaBKI1, and its loss-of-function alleles exhibit reduced plant height and peduncle length, but increased grain weight, offering valuable targets for yield improvement in wheat breeding.

Combined toxicity of nine typical pesticides in binary mixtures on A549 cells.

Air pollution caused by pesticide drift poses a significant environmental health risk. The lungs are directly targeted by airborne pesticide exposure via inhalation; however, their inhalation toxicological data are poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the combined toxicity and interactions of lambda-cyhalothrin and its binary mixtures with eight insecticides at a concentration ratio of 1:1 in the non-small-cell lung cancer A549 line cells.

A multi-tissue single-cell expression atlas in cattle.

Systematic characterization of the molecular states of cells in livestock tissues is essential for understanding the cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying economically and ecologically important physiological traits. Here, as part of the Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) project, we describe a comprehensive reference map including 1,793,854 cells from 59 bovine tissues in calves and adult cattle, spanning both sexes, which reveals intra-tissue and inter-tissue cellular heterogeneity in gene expression, transcription factor regulation and intercellular communication. Integrative analysis with genetic variants that underpin bovine monogenic and complex traits uncovers cell types of relevance, such as spermatocytes, responsible for sperm motility and excitatory neurons for milk fat yield.

Nitrogen enhances post-drought recovery in wheat by modulating TaSnRK2.10-mediated regulation of TaNLP7.

Drought stress affects plant growth and agricultural production, especially in the context of global climate change. Post-drought rehydration is crucial for plant recovery and sustained growth, yet the mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Nitrogen fertilizer plays a role in optimizing plant growth and enhancing stress resistance, but its role in post-drought recovery has not been fully elucidated.

In vitro formation and growth of glycogen: experimental verification of theoretical predictions.

Glycogen is a complex branched glucose polymer that serves as energy reservoir in animals and some bacteria; it has also been synthesized in vitro. It comprises small β particles linked in large aggregates termed α particles. Theory, based on the evolutionary processes which cause these particles to be formed, suggests that if all ingredients for in vitro particle synthesis were added to a suspension of α particles, then these will grow to a steady-state size distribution, after which new particles will be formed.

Inhibition mechanisms of xanthan gum on high-dose gallic acid-induced functional deterioration of myofibrillar protein: Focusing on gelling and emulsification behaviors.

For purpose of overcoming the negative impact of high-dose phenols on meat quality, xanthan gum (XG), a natural anionic polysaccharide, was employed to prevent the undesirable interaction between myofibrillar protein (MP) and gallic acid (GA, 150 μmol/g) and ameliorate the gel and emulsification characteristics of MP. XG dose-dependently alleviated the structural damage of MP caused by GA and reduced protein aggregation, manifested as the decrease in surface hydrophobicity, turbidity and aggregate size (p < 0.05) and increase in α-helix content and intrinsic fluorescence.

Cellulose nanocrystal composite films with bioinspired structural color for mechanically robust passive daytime radiative cooling.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) offers a sustainable solution to global energy challenges by dissipating heat without energy input. However, conventional PDRC materials face trade-offs between biodegradability, color integration, optical transparency, and mechanical robustness. Herein, a biomimetic, structurally colored PDRC film fabricated via evaporation-induced self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), betaine, and polyvinyl alcohol was developed.

Quaternary-ammonium chitosan/Sericin-modified carbon nanotubes Photothermal coatings: A reusable and sustainable chemical-free seed disinfection strategy.

The increasing global demand for food and the adverse environmental impacts of excessive agrochemical use highlights the urgent need for sustainable and scalable seed treatment technologies. This paper reports a novel photothermal seed coating (QC@SCCNTs) with high biocompatibility, exceptional photothermal efficiency, and notable reusability, serving as an effective alternative to conventional chemical treatments. The coating consists of sericin-functionalized carboxylated carbon nanotubes (SCCNTs) electrostatically complexed with quaternary ammonium chitosan (QC), forming a composite film (QS film).

Synergistic impact of starch-tannic acid complex in regulating gut microbiota to produce propionate.

Starch-tannic acid complex is a type of resistant starch, while the influence of these complexes with different starch chain-length distributions (CLDs) on gut microbiota is unclear. Therefore, starch-tannic acid complexes were prepared from five commercial starches with diverse CLDs, and their influence on the gut microbiota was explored using in vitro fermentation with human fecal microbiota. For the first time, results showed that wheat and corn starch-tannic acid complexes significantly promoted propionate production (p < 0.

A review on microbial metabolic engineering for the improvement of itaconic acid production.

Itaconic acid (IA), also known as methylene-butanedioic acid, is one of the top 12 platform chemicals in the world and demand for it is growing worldwide. The itaconic acid molecule contains one reactive double bond and two carboxyl groups, endowing it with chemical reactivity. It is widely used in fields such as light industry, agriculture, energy, and medical applications.

Efficient eukaryotic expression and potent antiviral activity of a long-acting recombinant feline interferon-ω2-Fc fusion protein against major feline viruses.

Feline interferon-ω2 (FeIFN-ω2) holds potential as a therapeutic agent against feline viral infections. However, its clinical application is limited by rapid clearance and suboptimal antiviral effectiveness. Thus, in this study, an Fc-fused construct, FeIFN-ω2-Fc, was engineered to improve antiviral potency and pharmacokinetic properties both in vitro and in vivo.

Carryover effects of feeding tropical fresh or air-dried roughage to Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows on nutritional, techno-functional, and sensory properties of mozzarella cheese.

This study investigated how different dietary roughages, Napier-Pakchong (NP), jumbo sorghum (JB), and rice straw (RS) fed to Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbred cows affect the nutritional, techno-functional, and sensory properties of mozzarella cheese under tropical conditions in Bangladesh. Iso-nitrogenous (≈12.54% CP) and iso-energetic (ME ≈2.

Reducing the forage content of the ration using the undigested forage neutral detergent fiber: The effects on production, rumen environment, and digestibility.

Several factors influence the effectiveness of forage in ruminant rations, including NDF content and the physical nature, fragility, digestibility, and more of the forage. Recently, several studies suggested using the undigestible NDF (uNDF) fraction as a possible approach to achieve a more precise ration. The objective of the current study was to reduce the forage content of the diet by using the in vitro forage uNDF for diet formulation and to determine the effects on production, rumen environment, and digestibility.

Network pharmacology-guided lipidomics and molecular docking reveals the involvement of sphingolipid metabolism and HIF-1 signaling in Xiaoyao San's blood-nourishing mechanism against depression.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder and has become a growing public health issue. In the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic, blood deficiency is a common syndrome pattern in depression. Xiaoyao San (XYS), a classic formula with the property of nourishing blood, is widely used to treat depression.

Lactic acid bacteria and yeast co-culture system: Mechanism of quorum-sensing regulation on the high yield of exopolysaccharides in Weissella confusa.

The low yield of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) restricts their industrial application. To overcome this limitation, a single-factor optimization strategy was applied to develop co-culture system involving Weissella confusa P2 and Candida shehatae. This approach resulted in 48.

African swine fever virus-encoded pE248R protein inhibits interferon production via blocking RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes multiple proteins to achieve immune escape, thereby disrupting the host's antiviral defense. This study demonstrates that the ASFV-encoded pE248R protein disrupted the Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) mediated antiviral signaling cascade through dual regulatory mechanisms. Mechanistically, pE248R interacted with the caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARD) of RIG-I, effectively blocking its interaction with the mitochondrial adaptor MAVS.

Gut-protective effects of dietary niacin in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed a high-lipid diet: modulation of mucosal immune response, barrier function, and gut microbiota.

This study investigated the protective effects of dietary niacin on the intestinal health of juvenile turbot fed a high-lipid diet (HLD). Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, including a HLD without niacin addition (HL0) and a HLD supplemented with 80 mg/kg niacin (HL80). Turbot (approximately 13.

Enhancing nitrogen management in aerated landfills: Quantifying fungal contributions to nitrification using a model-based approach.

Effective nitrogen management is critical for minimizing environmental risks in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. In-situ aeration has emerged as a practical strategy to accelerate waste stabilization and improve nitrogen stabilization. However, the role of fungi in regulating nitrogen transformation processes-particularly nitrification-remains insufficiently understood.

Assessing the industrial pollution risk potential to farmland soil environment based on spatialization: A single-year study in China.

Industrial activities are major contributors to farmland soil pollution, posing considerable risk potential to the soil environment. A quantitative and spatial assessment of the industrial pollution-related risk potential will provide critical insights into their characteristics, supporting methodological advancements and practical applications in soil environmental management. This study develops a systematic evaluation framework to assess the risk potential of industrial pollution to the farmland soil environment.

Duck plague virus ICP27 protein suppresses IFN-β production by dual targeting of DNA- and RNA-sensing pathways.

Duck plague virus (DPV), an alphaherpesvirus causing severe economic losses in global waterfowl industries, adopts sophisticated strategies to subvert host antiviral immunity. Here, we identify DPV ICP27 as a pivotal immune evasion protein that concurrently inhibits both DNA (cGAS-STING) and RNA (RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS) innate immune sensing pathways-a novel function unreported in avian herpesviruses. Through co-transfection and infection assays in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs), we demonstrate that ICP27 suppresses key immune sensors' transcriptional and protein expression levels (STING, RIG-I) and the transcription factor IRF7.

eIF4A3 inhibits pseudorabies virus replication by facilitating antiviral immune response.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3)-mediated RNA metabolism is essential for cellular homeostasis and viral replication. However, its role in regulating antiviral innate immunity during pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that eIF4A3 protein expression was significantly downregulated both in vitro and in vivo during PRV infection.