African swine fever virus-encoded pE248R protein inhibits interferon production via blocking RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes multiple proteins to achieve immune escape, thereby disrupting the host's antiviral defense. This study demonstrates that the ASFV-encoded pE248R protein disrupted the Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) mediated antiviral signaling cascade through dual regulatory mechanisms. Mechanistically, pE248R interacted with the caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARD) of RIG-I, effectively blocking its interaction with the mitochondrial adaptor MAVS.

African swine fever virus pMGF505-9R enhances RIG-I-like Receptor signaling by promoting RING finger protein 125 auto-ubiquitination.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease that poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. Recent studies have demonstrated that the African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection can cause severe inflammatory responses and promote the production of cytokines, but it is still unclear whether the viral proteins play a role in this process. Therefore, we conducted a genome-wide screening by dual luciferase activity assay.

African swine fever virus A179L inhibits interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 activation of NF-κB pathway.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes over 150 viral proteins, several of which have roles in evading innate immune responses. Among these, A179L is the only Bcl-2-like protein involved in ASFV-induced apoptosis, but its other functions remain poorly understood. This study found that A179L inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Interfacial Diffusion-Reaction Coupling Strategy for CO Reduction on Copper Surface in Acidic Medium.

CO electroreduction reaction in acid medium to produce multicarbon (C) products has gained attention as an alternative to the traditional processes in neutral or alkaline solutions which often suffer from low single-pass conversion efficiency due to (bi)carbonate accumulation at the cathode. However, the CO conversion efficiency in acid remains unsatisfactory. Herein, a strong-polarized layer-covered Cu catalyst is developed as electrode for CO reduction reaction (CORR) in acid.

Circulating tumor DNA in cholangiocarcinoma: current clinical applications and future perspectives.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoportal cholangiocarcinoma and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Its incidence is increasing worldwide and currently accounts for approximately 15% of all primary liver cancers and 3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. There is a lack of early diagnostic methods for cholangiocarcinoma, and the overall treatment effect is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 25%.

Long-Term or Recurrent Antibiotic Use in Early Life and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort and a Case-Control Study.

Background: Antibiotics in childhood are commonly used and have been linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. However, direct evidence regarding the association between long-term or recurrent antibiotic use (LRAU) during early life and diabetes was scarce. We performed this study to investigate this association in two population-based studies.

PCSK9 Manipulates Lipid Metabolism and the Immune Microenvironment in Cancer.

Cancer remains the foremost cause of mortality on a global scale. Immunotherapy has yielded remarkable outcomes in the fight against cancer and is regarded as one of the most crucial and promising therapeutic modalities. PCSK9, a critical target for plasma lipids control, has been extensively and deeply studied in multiple diseases.

Rational Synthesis of Isomeric Graphdiyne Frameworks toward Single-Ruthenium Catalysts and High-Performance Nitrogen Reduction.

Graphdiynes (GDYs), synthesized via direct coupling of arylacetylenes, have attracted great attention due to their unique electronic properties and structural diversity, typically forming 2D layered frameworks. However, crystalline GDY-like frameworks with 3D topology remain challenging to synthesize. Here, the study reports two highly crystalline, isomeric GDY-like frameworks with ThSi2 topology, constructed from 2,2'-binaphthalene and 6,6'-biazulene-based monomers.

Association between depressive status and mild cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults from CHARLS study.

Background: The potential association between depressive status and the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains unclear, especially in the absence of prospective evidence. This study aims to elucidate the impact of either depression score or depression on the risk of MCI using longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Methods: This prospective study included 5,766 participants from CHARLS followed from 2011 to 2015.

The Fermentation Law of Biogenic Amines in the Pre-Fermentation Process Is Revealed by Correlation Analysis.

Sufu is a traditional Chinese condiment with a distinctive flavor. The umami characteristics are primarily attributed to the hydrolysis of proteins, which produces amino acids and biogenic amines (BAs). Excessive levels of BAs can pose health risks, leading to adverse effects, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and abnormal blood pressure.

Healthy dietary patterns and the incidence of chronic kidney disease: results from a prospective cohort study.

Background: Unhealthy diets contribute to the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with poor dietary habits identified as significant lifestyle factors that elevate CKD risk.

Methods: Data from the UK Biobank cohort, which included over 500,000 participants aged 40-69 from diverse regions of England, Wales, and Scotland, were analyzed. Participants, who completed at least one online 24-hour dietary recall assessment, were included in the study.

HACD2 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Enhancing PKM2 Dissociation From PRKN in a Dehydratase-Independent Manner.

3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 (HACD2), an obesity-related gene involved in the elongation of long-chain fatty acids, is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer (PC) and is associated with patient prognosis. Interestingly, the study reveals that HACD2 mediated the proliferation of PC cells in a dehydratase-independent manner, affecting the downstream glycolytic pathway. Mechanistically, HACD2 promotes PC cells proliferation by binding to E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin (PRKN) and enhancing pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM2) dissociation from PRKN, resulting in reduced ubiquitination of PKM2 and increased dimerization of PKM2, which subsequently promote c-Myc expression and tumor growth.

Inhibiting carbon corrosion of cobalt-nitrogen-carbon materials via Mn sites for highly durable oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media.

Cobalt-nitrogen-carbon (CoNC) materials are regarded as promising low-cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, their susceptibility to deactivation and poor stability in acidic media limits their practical applications. In this study, we develop cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon (CoMnNC) dual-site catalysts by incorporating Mn into CoNC and leverage a synergistic dual-catalysis strategy to optimize both activity and stability.

A multi-omics approach reveals differences in toxicity and mechanisms in rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to anatase or rutile TiO nanoparticles.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) have been widely used in agriculture, which increased the risk to soil-plant systems. Studies have demonstrated that TiO NPs can induce phytotoxicity. However, the toxicity mechanisms, particularly under the stress of TiO NPs with different crystalline forms, remain inadequately reported.

Design of the distribution of iron oxide (FeO) nano-particle drug in realistic cholangiocarcinoma model and the simulation of temperature increase during magnetic induction hyperthermia.

The prognosis for Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is unfavorable, necessitating the development of new therapeutic approach such as magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) which is induced by magnetic nano-particle (MNPs) drug to bridge the treatment gap. Given the deep location of CCA within the abdominal cavity and proximity to vital organs, accurately predict the individualized treatment effects and safety brought by the distribution of MNPs in tumor will be crucial for the advancement of MHT in CCA. The Mimics software was used in this study to conduct three-dimensional reconstruction of abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic reso-nance imaging images from clinical patients, resulting in the generation of a realistic digital geometric model representing the human biliary tract and its adjacent structures.

Sludge reduction and hydrogen production in a microbial photoelectrochemical cell with a g-CN/CQDs/BiOBr composite photocathode.

Hydrogen (H) remains a pivotal clean energy source, and the emergence of Solar-powered Microbial Photoelectrochemical Cells (MPECs) presents promising avenues for H production while concurrently aiding organic matter degradation. This study introduces an MPEC system employing a g-CN/CQDs/BiOBr photocathode and a bioanode, successfully achieving simultaneous H production and sludge reduction. The research highlights the effective formation of a Z-type heterojunction in the g-CN/CQDs/BiOBr photocathode, substantially enhancing the photocurrent response under light conditions.

Association of coffee and tea consumption with osteoporosis risk: A prospective study from the UK biobank.

Objective: The association of coffee and tea consumption with osteoporosis is highly controversial, and few studies have focused on the combined effects of the two beverages. This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined associations of coffee and tea consumption with osteoporosis risk.

Methods: A prospective cohort study involving 487,594 participants aged 38-73 years from the UK Biobank was conducted.

Atmospheric Light Estimation Using Polarization Degree Gradient for Image Dehazing.

A number of image dehazing techniques depend on the estimation of atmospheric light intensity. The majority of dehazing algorithms do not incorporate a physical model to estimate atmospheric light, leading to reduced accuracy and significantly impacting the effectiveness of dehazing. This article presents a novel approach for estimating atmospheric light using the polarization state and polarization degree gradient of the sky.

Functional types of long trichoid sensilla responding to sex pheromone components in Plutella xylostella.

Sex pheromones, which consist of multiple components in specific ratios promote intraspecific sexual communications of insects. Plutella xylostella (L.) is a worldwide pest of cruciferous vegetables, the mating behavior of which is highly dependent on its olfactory system.

Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity and molecular docking of novel chitosan derivatives containing glycine Schiff bases as potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors.

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an important inner mitochondrial membrane-bound enzyme involved in redox reactions during the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Therefore, a series of novel chitosan derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential microbicides targeting SDH and precisely characterized by FTIR, H NMR and SEM. Their antifungal and antibacterial activities were evaluated against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Genetic risk, adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors, and risk of cholelithiasis: A population-based cohort study.

Objective: Genetic and lifestyles contribute to cholelithiasis, but the impact of adhering to healthy lifestyle on cholelithiasis risk remains uncertain. We aimed to assess combined lifestyle factors and a polygenic risk score on incident cholelithiasis.

Methods: We utilized cholelithiasis genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from FinnGen study, constructing varied polygenic risk score (PRS), and applied them to 317,640 UK Biobank participants.

High incidence of gallstones after Roux-en-Y reconstruction gastrectomy in gastric cancer: a multicenter, long-term cohort study.

Background: Roux-en-Y reconstruction is a common anastomosis technique during gastrectomy in gastric cancer. There is a lack of studies on gallstones after Roux-en-Y reconstruction gastrectomy. This study investigated the incidence and potential risk factors associated with gallstones after Roux-en-Y reconstructive gastrectomy in gastric cancer.