Risk assessment and underlying mechanisms of pydiflumetofen resistance in Alternaria tenuissima and Alternaria alternata.

Potato early blight is a prevalent disease that significantly impacts potato cultivation. Pydiflumetofen, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor developed by Syngenta, has been registered for use on multiple crops in China. However, its resistance risk and mechanisms in Alternaria tenuissima and Alternaria alternata are still poorly understood.

Environmental stressor-induced functional and expression dynamics of glutathione S-transferase genes in bees.

As key pollinators, bees are increasingly threatened by environmental stressors such as heavy metals, pesticides, and temperature fluctuations, which can cause oxidative stress and disrupt cellular homeostasis. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification, yet systematic studies on bee GST families remain limited. Here, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of cytosolic GST genes in 13 bee species, identifying 146 genes in total.

The pleiotropic odorant binding protein CaspOBP12 involved in perception of Ceutorhynchus asper for plant volatiles and pesticides.

The olfactory system of insects plays a vital role in their survival by enabling them to detect chemical cues and adapt to changing environments. The rape stem weevil, Ceutorhynchus asper, is a significant pest posing a challenge for rapeseed production due to its destructive feeding habit and increasing resistance to insecticides. So far, there's still limited knowledge about structure and function of odorant binding proteins (OBPs) in beetles like C.

Applying natural product repurposing strategy to identify baicalein as novel caseinolytic protease P inhibitor and its application in the treatment of rice bacterial diseases.

Plant diseases caused by bacteria affect the yield of crop, greatly reduce the quality of food, and thus posing a great threat to food safety. To fill the gap that no report about ClpP inhibitor is applied in agri-food production field, engineering natural-product repurposing strategy, 55 of natural products were screened using the combination of ClpP inhibitors of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) screening assay and anti-Xoo activity experiment.

ATP synthase subunit γ mediates Cry1Ac binding and toxicity in Grapholita molesta.

The insect midgut peritrophic membrane (PM) plays important roles in insect-microbe interactions. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its proteinaceous toxins are widely used for insect control. To understand the role of PM in insects against Bt toxins, this study selected Grapholita molesta Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a worldwide pest infesting fruit trees, as the research subject.

Functional characterization of odorant binding proteins in Pharsalia antennata provides insights into diverse binding properties and the importance of C-terminal residues.

The cerambycid beetles are important components in the terrestrial ecosystem as they play a dual role in both degrading dying trees and killing healthy plants. The factors including human activity, habitat contraction, climate changes and pesticide use have been shaping the adaptation of beetles to host plants and the environment. As suggested in research on the functions of beetles' olfactory proteins, odorant binding proteins (OBPs) have been found to be involved in insecticide resistance other than chemoreception.

Environmental concentration effects of imidacloprid on the renal system of Xenopus laevis: Multifaceted insights from histopathology to molecular biology.

Given the widespread presence of imidacloprid in aquatic environments and the limited research on its impact on amphibian renal health, in this study, we investigated the effects of this commonly used neonicotinoid insecticide on kidney function and molecular mechanisms in Xenopus laevis. Employing a 28-day exposure model, histopathological changes and enzymatic responses induced by two concentrations of imidacloprid were examined, along with gene expression alterations and metabolic disruptions at environmentally relevant levels. The results highlighted significant renal histopathological damage and changes in key enzymes involved in oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and acetylcholinesterase.

BmeIF4E2 promotes AcMNPV infection in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, by direct interaction.

The molecular mechanism of baculovirus infection is the basis of baculovirus wide application. Identifying and elucidating the functional genes of virus replication is the focus of research. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a key component of the translation initiation process to synthesize proteins required for replication.

Fitness costs and resistance mechanisms to indoxacarb in a near-isogenic strain of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua has developed resistance to the commonly used insecticide indoxacarb. Understanding fitness costs and resistance mechanisms to indoxacarb in S. exigua is essential for developing effective field resistance management strategies.

Nlgalectin mediates insecticide susceptibility in Nilaparvata lugens via modulation of bacterial symbiont.

Galectins are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins known to maintain intestinal microbiota homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the bacterial symbiont plays a role in modulating insecticide resistance in insect. However, whether galectins influence insecticide susceptibility through microbiota regulation remains unclear.

Mortierella alpina bioinoculant potentiates native microbiota for soil borne disease suppression in Panax notoginseng cultivation.

Mortierella spp. is emerging as a potential biocontrol agent against soil borne diseases due to its antagonistic effects on pathogens and strong environmental adaptability. However, the mechanisms by which it restructures rhizosphere microbial communities to achieve sustained pathogen suppression remain largely unresolved.

Foliar application of selenium nanoparticles enhance quality and mitigate negative plant-soil feedback in Panax notoginseng by modulating plant-microbiota interactions.

Developing a practical strategy to enhance the quality of medicinal herb while alleviating negative plant-soil feedback (NPSF) is critical for agriculture. In this study, we investigated the effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on Panax notoginseng through a two-year field experiment. Four treatments were established: a control (SeNPs_0) and three SeNPs concentrations (3, 5, and 10 mg/L), which were foliar-sprayed every 15 days for a total of six applications.

Genistein: A promising botanical fungicide candidate for enhancing tomato yield and quality by controlling Alternaria solani.

The overreliance on traditional chemical fungicides, combined with the emergence of resistance, poses significant challenges for food safety. Early blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani (A. solani), is among the most significant contributors to pre- and postharvest yield losses in tomato cultivation.

Antifungal action of β-pinene derivatives containing quaternary ammonium scaffold against Rhizoctonia solani with damaging cell membranes and affecting energy metabolism.

Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) is a phytopathogen that extensively affects crops, leading to plant diseases and reducing crop yields, which jeopardizes food security. β-pinene is a major component of turpentine oil and serves as a lead compound for developing new fungicides.

A strain of mycovirus AaVV1 mediates hypovirulence of Alternaria species.

The genus Alternaria comprises a wide range of ubiquitous plant pathogens that affect various host plants. Certain mycoviruses can induce changes in the biological characteristics and virulence of host fungi, offering potential for biocontrol in managing fungal plant diseases. Here, we identified a mycovirus with a high degree of homology to Alternaria arborescens victorivirus 1 (AaVV1), which was previously reported from Alternaria arborescens, in the QRH strain of the heterologous host Alternaria gomphrenae.

Adaptive glutathione S-transferase genes induced by DIMBOA as potential RNAi targets against Ostrinia furnacalis.

The arms race between insect-resistant secondary metabolites in plants and the detoxification genes of their natural enemies reveals the intricate co-evolutionary dynamics between the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) and its host plant, maize, and provides a new perspective for the potential control of pests. In this study, ELISA and transcriptome revealed that the glutathione S-transferases were involved in the detoxification of O. furnacalis to maize secondary metabolite 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA).

CYP72A15 confers resistance against penoxsulam to Echinochloa phyllopogon.

As the weed Echinochloa phyllopogon has rapidly developed multi- and cross-resistance to several herbicides, we aimed to determine the mechanism underlying penoxsulam resistance in weeds. There was no target mutation in the tested population, and P450 enzyme activity was significantly higher in the penoxsulam-treated resistant population, confirming that non-target-site resistance was dominant. The antioxidant enzyme activity of the resistant population was higher than that of the sensitive population following the application of the penoxsulam and cleared HO faster.

Novel ultrafine Pt@Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme enables robust aflatoxin B1 immunoassay in diverse marine and agricultural systems.

Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stands among the most toxic naturally occurring substances, with its acute toxicity characterized by the induction of acute hepatic necrosis, hemorrhage, and even fatal outcomes, thereby posing a profound threat to human health. Contamination of AFB1 in food commodities can arise at multiple stages throughout the production cycle, including cultivation, storage, and processing. This contamination cascade permeates the entire food supply chain, encompassing primary agricultural products as well as a diverse range of processed food items.

Deciphering the genetic regulation of flowering time in rapeseed for early-maturation breeding.

Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptability of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due to extreme climatic conditions and facilitate the cultivation of subsequent crops on the same land, thereby enhancing overall agricultural efficiency.

Cystic Echinococcosis and Taenia spp. Infections in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Geographical Distribution.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and Taenia spp. infections are major zoonotic helminthiases with substantial public health and economic burdens, particularly in endemic regions. Despite their classification as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), these tapeworm infections remain understudied in Nigeria.

Plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid protects against ferroptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Increasing evidence indicates that ferroptosis contributes to the occurrence and development of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the improvement effect of plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid (PS-ALA) on ferroptosis in hepatocytes and further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, focusing on the regulation of Nrf2 signaling. We found that PS-ALA ameliorated liver iron overload and reduced ROS generation and lipid peroxides (MDA and 4-HNE) production both in mice fed a high-fat diet and HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid/erastin.

Comparative study of lipophilicity, cell membrane permeability, and intracellular antioxidant capacity of resveratrol and pterostilbene.

Pterostilbene (PTS), a methylated analog of resveratrol (RES), demonstrates superior bioavailability, potentially attributable to enhanced lipophilicity and cell membrane permeability compared to RES. However, this hypothesis lacked experimental validation. The objective of this study was to compare the lipophilicity, cell membrane permeability, and intracellular antioxidant capacity of RES and PTS.

Aloe emodin functionalized dual-channel label with self-adhesion and hydrophobicity for visual monitoring of seafood freshness.

In this study, aloe emodin and β-d-glucose pentaacetate were added into potato starch/polyvinyl alcohol for the construction of colorimetric/fluorescent dual-pass intelligent response labels. Inspired by the lotus leaf structure, retained the advantages of the label itself and solved the hydrophilic problem of the label, and further developed a multi-functional dual-channel smart label with hydrophobicity and self-adhesion. The water contact angle of the prepared T-AEB label was 120.

Multi-scale structure change and sugar derivatives of lotus seed cross-linked starch during dynamic simulated digestion in vitro.

The anti-digestive properties of cross-linked starches are essential for the development of low glycemic foods. Dynamic digestion modeling simulates the human digestive process more accurately and is an effective tool to study its anti-enzymatic mechanism. The structural evolution characteristics and the generation rules of sugar derivatives of lotus seed cross-linked starch with low, medium, high cross-linking degree (LS-2CS, LS-6CS, LS-12CS, respectively) were studied and compared during in vitro dynamic simulation digestive system.

Unveiling DNAPLs solubilization mechanisms: How hydrophobic chain length governs characteristics in novel sugar-based Gemini surfactants.

Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) is an effective strategy for removing dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) from contaminated groundwater. While Gemini surfactants possess unique dimeric structures and excellent physicochemical properties, the role of hydrophobic chain length in governing their solubilization performance has not been systematically clarified. Here, five sugar-based anionic-nonionic Gemini surfactants (SANG 06, 08, 09, 10, and 13) with different hydrophobic chain lengths were synthesized and evaluated.