Distinct immune responses confer partial resistance to Fusarium wilt in tomato landraces.

Cypriot tomato landraces exhibit partial resistance to Fusarium wilt through distinct jasmonic and salicylic acid-mediated immune responses, offering promising genetic resources for breeding durable tomato cultivars. Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

Contrasting age-dependent leaf acclimation strategies drive vegetation greening across deciduous broadleaf forests in mid- to high latitudes.

Increasing leaf area and extending vegetation growing seasons are two primary drivers of global greening, which has emerged as one of the most significant responses to climate change. However, it remains unclear how these two leaf acclimation strategies would vary across forests at a large spatial scale. Here, using multiple satellite-based datasets and field measurements, we analysed the temporal changes (Δ) in maximal leaf area index (LAI) and length of the growing season (LOS) from 2002 to 2021 across deciduous broadleaf forests (DBFs) in the middle to high latitudes.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a One-Stop PrEP Care model to enhance HIV prevention: a protocol for a cluster-randomised trial in Kisumu County, Kenya.

Introduction: Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective biomedical intervention for HIV prevention, but its access and utilisation are challenging, especially in high-burden settings such as Kenya. For potential PrEP users, long delays and repeated consultations with several providers are obstacles to both PrEP uptake and continuation. The One-Stop PrEP Care project aims to promote the use of PrEP among clients in the health system and enhance client satisfaction by reducing the waiting time.

Uptake and ecotoxicity of microplastics of different particle sizes in crop species.

Microplastics (MPs) pollution threatens aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Herein, we assessed the uptake of MPs in seedling roots of three crop species exposed to small (0.2 μm) and large (1.

Advances in molecular mechanisms of genetic mutations underlying chlorophyll deficiency in plants.

Chlorophyll is vital for plants, giving them their green color and playing indispensable crucial role in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll-deficient mutants serve as classic models for studying plant pigment metabolism and typically exhibit chlorotic or albino phenotypes, resulting in major impacts on photosynthetic efficiency and growth development of plants. Understanding the mechanisms behind chlorophyll deficiency not only advances basic plant biology but also supports crop breeding strategies aimed at improving yield, stress tolerance, and adaption.

Rift Valley fever epidemiology: shifting the paradigm and rethinking research priorities.

Rift Valley fever (RVF), a zoonotic mosquito-borne viral disease with erratic occurrence and complex epidemiology, results in substantial costs to veterinary and public health and national economies. Since 1985, RVF virus (RVFV) epidemiology has focused on epidemics triggered by flood-induced emergence of transovarially infected mosquitoes, following an interepidemic period during which RVFV persists primarily in floodwater Aedes spp mosquito eggs, with potential for low-level interepidemic circulation. In this Personal View, we challenge this classic framework of RVFV epidemiology, presenting instead a spectrum of RVFV dynamics ranging from epidemic to hyperendemic.

The distribution characteristics of marine litter in the intertidal zone of Lvhua Island and its impact on the macrobenthic community structure.

Marine litter typically originates from human discards at sea or enters the ocean through land-based pathways such as surface runoff and natural disasters. The extensive accumulation of plastic litter poses severe threats to marine life. In August 2024, a specialized survey was conducted to investigate the distribution characteristics of marine litter and macrobenthic communities across four intertidal zones on Lvhua Island (XIAO'AO, DA'AO, FANGANG, and SHIZIKENG).

Ligand Engineering-Driven Visualization of Asymmetric Exchange: Unraveling the Structural Evolution of Ag to Ag.

Precisely structured nanoclusters provide ideal platforms for elucidating structural evolution and structure-activity relationships. However, mechanistic understanding of dynamic core-shell rearrangements has long been impeded by the elusive nature of intermediates during transformation processes. Here, we show that ligand engineering-driven asymmetric thiolate exchange enables atomic-level visualization of structural evolution, thereby overcoming the long-standing challenge of intermediate capture.

Adjusting the management of the Antarctic krill fishery to meet the challenges of the 21st century.

Antarctic krill () is the central prey species in the Southern Ocean food web, supporting the largest and fastest-growing fishery in the region, managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Climate change is threatening krill populations and their predators, while current catch limits do not take into account climate variability or krill population dynamics. In 2024, CCAMLR was unable to renew its spatial catch limits, highlighting the urgent need for improved management of the krill fishery to prevent any harm to the Southern Ocean ecosystem.

Identification and antiviral mechanism of a novel chicken-derived interferon-related antiviral protein targeting PRDX1.

In this study, we identified a new chicken-specific protein, named chicken interferon-related antiviral protein (chIRAP) after sequence analysis and comparison, which inhibited the proliferation of various viruses including influenza A virus (IAV) and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in vitro, and chicken embryos with high expression of chIRAP reduced IAV infection. Mass spectrometry analysis of chIRAP interacting proteins and screening of interacting proteins affecting the function of chIRAP revealed that the deletion of endogenous chicken peroxiredoxin 1 (chPRDX1) significantly reduced the antiviral effect of chIRAP. In order to clarify the functional site of chPRDX1 affecting the antiviral effect of chIRAP, we constructed the point mutants of chPRDX1 based on the results of molecular docking (D79A, T90A, K93A, Q94A, R110A, R123A), and screened the sites affecting the antiviral effects of chIRAP by knockdown of endogenous chPRDX1 combined with the overexpression mutant strategy, the results showed that the mutations in the sites affected the antiviral effects of chIRAP to different degrees, with D79A being the most significant, and the D79A mutation of chPRDX1 reduces the ability of chPRDX1 to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS).

A structural equation modeling approach to examine determinants of nutritional status in Palestinian children 6-59 months.

Background: Undernutrition remains a persistent public health concern among young children in Palestine, shaped by a range of socioeconomic and dietary factors. This study applies a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach to explore both direct and indirect determinants of child growth among children aged 6-59 months in the West Bank.

Methods: Data were drawn from a 2022 cross-sectional survey involving 300 children selected from 1,400 households.

Another case of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in Rio Grande do Sul: the curious epidemiological niche of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 in Southern Brazil.

Introduction: Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2) is the cause of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF). Although SA-MCF is endemic in most geographical regions of Brazil, outbreaks are more frequently reported in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). This report describes the findings of an SA-MCF outbreak in cattle from RS and investigates the possible reasons for the elevated occurrence of outbreaks in cattle from this geographical region of Brazil.

Fragment dispersity index analysis of cfDNA fragments reveals chromatin accessibility and enables early cancer detection.

We introduce a cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation pattern: the fragment dispersity index (FDI), which integrates information on the distribution of cfDNA fragment ends with the variation in fragment coverage, enabling precise characterization of chromatin accessibility in specific regions. The FDI shows a strong correlation with chromatin accessibility and gene expression, and regions with high FDI are enriched in active regulatory elements. Using whole-genome cfDNA data from five datasets, we developed and validated the FDI-oncology model, which demonstrates robust performance in early cancer diagnosis, subtyping, and prognosis.

Manipulation of host-plant preference by virus-induced changes to its insect vector's olfactory system.

Plant viruses are known to indirectly manipulate insect vector behavior by altering host-plant phenotypes, yet the mechanisms by which they directly regulate vector behavior to enhance transmission remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal how the southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) reprograms the host preference of its planthopper vector, Sogatella furcifera, from infected to healthy rice plants by disrupting immune-olfactory crosstalk. We demonstrate that the SRBSDV-encoded P8 protein competitively binds to the S.

Rice Root Iron Plaque as a Mediator to Stimulate Methanotrophic Nitrogen Fixation.

Iron plaque (IP) on rice root surfaces has been extensively documented as a natural barrier that effectively reduces contaminant bioavailability and accumulation. However, its regulatory mechanisms in rhizospheric methane oxidation and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) remain elusive. This study reveals a previously unrecognized function of IP: mediating methanotrophic nitrogen fixation through coupled aerobic methane oxidation and IP reduction (Fe-MOX).

sp. nov., isolated from the upper respiratory tract of duck.

Five bacterial strains, designated as RCAD1438, RCAD1439, RCAD1670, RCAD1671 and RCAD1672, were isolated from the upper respiratory tract of ducks in Anhui, Shaanxi and Sichuan, China. All strains are Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and capsulated. They grow optimally at 37 °C and pH 7.

Cellulosic Flexible Electronic Materials: Recent Advances in Structural Design, Functionalization, and Smart Applications.

Rapid advancement of flexible electronics has generated a demand for sustainable materials. Cellulose, a renewable biopolymer, exhibits exceptional mechanical strength, customizable properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. These attributes are largely due to its hierarchical nanostructures and modifiable surface chemistry.

Genomic and metabolomic insights into the biosynthesis of carotenoids and lipids in oleaginous red yeast Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum HZR20 isolated from Mangrove plants in Southern China.

Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum, biotechnologically significant yeast, is increasingly garnering attention due to its superior ability to produce valuable carotenoids and lipids. Nonetheless, until now, the reference genome that governs the biosynthesis of carotenoids and lipids in C. infirmominiatum remains unreported.

Genomic and stress resistance characterization of GX17, a potential probiotic for animal feed applications.

Unlabelled: Lactobacilli, recognized as beneficial bacteria within the human body, are celebrated for their multifaceted probiotic functions, including the regulation of intestinal flora, enhancement of body immunity, and promotion of nutrient absorption. This study comprehensively analyzed the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of () strains isolated from the intestines of healthy chicks and assessed their potential as probiotics. The assembled genome consists of 29,521,986 bp, and a total of 1,771 coding sequences (CDSs) were predicted.

ZNF33B facilitates Japanese encephalitis virus replication by controlling HSPB1/8-mediated SUMOylation of nonstructural protein 5.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a significant flavivirus that poses a threat to public health, as it induces encephalitis in humans and reproductive disorders in sows. We have recently identified that zinc finger protein 33B (ZNF33B) is required for JEV infection by CRISPR-based functional genomic screening, yet the precise functions and mechanisms are not fully comprehended. In this study, ZNF33B was found to be involved in JEV infection, wherein it bound with JEV RNA to enhance its stability during replication.

Continuous evolution of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses with pdm/09-derived internal genes enhances pathogenicity in mice.

Swine influenza A virus (swIAV) is an important zoonotic pathogen with the potential to cause human influenza pandemics. Swine are considered "mixing vessels" for generating novel reassortant influenza A viruses. In 2009, a swine-origin reassortant virus (2009 pandemic H1N1, pdm/09 H1N1) spilled over to humans, causing a global influenza pandemic.

Slt2 positively regulates Myb-mediated cellulose utilization in .

Unlabelled: Fungal degradation of cellulose facilitates the sustainable harnessing of biosphere energy and carbon cycling. is one of the basidiomycetes with the largest number of hydrolytic enzymes in its genome. The mycelium of degrades cellulose through the production of substantial amounts of cellulase, enabling the absorption of carbon sources and nutrients essential for fruiting body development.

A Porcine Monoclonal Antibody Targeting a Conserved GP4 Epitope Protects against In Vivo Infection via the Induction of Broad-Spectrum PRRSV Neutralization.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) imposes substantial economic losses on global swine production. While modified live vaccines remain the primary prevention tool, their efficacy is compromised by the genetic variability of PRRSV. This study developed a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets a conserved viral epitope as an alternative therapeutic strategy.

Insights into the toxicity effects of indoxacarb against Spodoptera frugiperda using metabolomics combined with mass spectrometry imaging.

Background: As one of the most destructive and invasive pests for various plants in China, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) poses an enormous threat to food security and results in serious economic losses for harvesting and consumption of agricultural vegetables. To this end, indoxacarb has shown great promise as an effective insecticide against Spodoptera frugiperda. It is metabolized by insect esterases or amidases into the N-decarbomethoxy metabolite (DCJW), which is a key metabolite responsible for the insecticidal activity of indoxacarb.

Effects of dietary digestible energy levels on growth performance, intestinal function, carcass traits, meat quality and blood biochemical parameters of Ningxiang pigs.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of changing the digestible energy (DE) level of the diet on the growth performance, intestinal function, carcass traits, meat quality and blood biochemical indices of Ningxiang pigs, and to comprehensively identify the lipid molecules in the abdominal fat of Ningxiang pigs through lipidomics technology to evaluate the pork quality. The experiment selected 225 castrated Ningxiang pigs (47.64 ± 0.