Pathogenicity and whole-genome analysis of a -derived strain.

A bacterial strain (No. 20230510) was isolated from the kidneys of diseased in Guangxi, China, since 2023. Artificial infection experiments demonstrated that this strain caused the observed disease in .

Development of a reverse genetics system for West Nile virus (Kunjin type).

Kunjin virus (KUNV), a naturally attenuated strain of West Nile virus (WNV), shares similar transmission modes and hosts-primarily mosquitoes, birds, and horses. Globally, reverse genetics is the principal methodology for characterizing the molecular etiology of flaviviruses. In this study, cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven KUNV reporter replicons were engineered to incorporate three distinct reporter genes: Nanoluc, oxGFP, and mCherry.

Prevalence of spp. in humans and cattle: Implications for zoonotic malaria transmission in Indonesia.

Background And Aim: Zoonotic malaria remains a significant public health concern in Southeast Asia. The potential role of cattle as reservoirs for spp. in Indonesia has not been fully elucidated, despite increasing recognition of animal reservoirs in malaria transmission dynamics.

Establishment and optimization of the two-step induction system for generating primordial germ cell-like cells from chicken embryonic stem cells.

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the progenitor cells of sperm and eggs. Xenotransplantation of chicken PGCs can achieve germline transmission. However, there are still challenges in obtaining many PGCs from endangered birds in vitro.

Soil Carbon Availability Drives Depth-Dependent Responses of Microbial Nitrogen Use Efficiency to Warming.

Microbial nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) describes the partitioning of organic N between microbial growth and N mineralization, which is crucial for assessing soil N retention. However, how warming affects NUE along soil depth remains unclear. Based on a whole-soil-profile warming experiment (0 to 100 cm, +4°C) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, combined with O and N isotope labeling techniques, we determined soil carbon (C) composition, edaphic properties, and microbial parameters.

as the Emerging Causal Agent of Novel Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice: Characterization and Management in Anhui, China.

Since its emergence in 2020, a novel bacterial leaf blight caused by Pantoea ananatis has posed a serious threat to rice production in Anhui Province, China. Through verification via Koch's postulates and three years of field monitoring, P. ananatis strain HQ01 was identified as the dominant pathogen, exhibiting high virulence even at low inoculum concentrations (10² CFU/mL).

Temporal transcriptomics reveal crucial networks underlying jasmonate-mediated diurnal floret opening and closure in rice.

Diurnal floret opening and closure (DFOC) is essential for rice reproductive development and hybrid breeding, yet transcriptional dynamics and underlying regulatory networks remain poorly characterized. Here, we conducted high-temporal-resolution transcriptomic analyses of lodicules to dissect DFOC regulatory networks in two japonica rice cultivars. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) uncovered core genes shared by both cultivars, primarily associated with jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and cell wall remodeling.

Venetoclax-induced degradation of VP8* lectin domain disrupts group A rotavirus replication.

Group A Rotavirus (RVA) poses a significant health risk. Unfortunately, there are currently no the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antiviral compounds available for treating RVA-induced diarrhea. The lectin-like domain of VP8* plays an important role in the RVA lifecycle.

Chemical interactions between filter-feeding mussels and Ulvaprolifera: The role of dissolved organic matter and secondary metabolites in growth promotion and competition inhibition of algal species.

This review examines the chemical and ecological interactions between filter-feeding mussels and the green macroalga Ulva prolifera in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems. Mussels are crucial for nutrient recycling, as they filter water and release bioavailable compounds such as ammonium (NH), urea (CO(NH)), and dissolved organic matter (DOM). These compounds promote Ulva growth and enhance microbial activity.

Preparation, characterization, and antioxidant activity of bovine bone peptide-calcium chelate against oxidative stress-induced injury in Caco-2 cells.

In this study, bovine peptide‑calcium chelates (BBP-Ca) were prepared via enzymatic hydrolysis to generate peptides and fermentation to obtain soluble calcium ions, which were then chelated together. The structural characteristics of BBP-Ca were comprehensively analyzed using FTIR, SEM, and UV spectroscopy. Additionally, its antioxidant capacity was evaluated by examining its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced damage in Caco-2 cells.

Novel plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SaRB5, facilitate phytoremediation by plant growth and cadmium absorption in Salix suchowensis.

Seven plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) were isolated from extracts of surface-sterilized Sedum alfredii Hance. Among the seven isolates, the strain SaRB5 identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia through 16S rDNA sequence analysis, exhibited highest levels of heavy metal resistance and plant growth-promoting traits. SaRB5 tolerated high concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (1.

Matrix Protein 1 (M1) of Influenza A Virus: Structural and Functional Insights.

Enveloped viruses rely on matrix proteins for structural integrity and lifecycle progression. Matrix protein 1 (M1) is the most abundant structural protein of influenza A virus (IAV), playing a multifaceted role in viral uncoating, polymerase activity, vRNA transcription and replication, and assembly and budding. The M1 protein not only interacts with host cells but also regulates viral morphogenesis, thereby influencing viral transmissibility and pathogenicity.

Autotoxicity in Cucumis melo L. and its alleviation by exogenous silicon: Physiological and biochemical mechanisms.

Melon, a globally important horticultural crop, faces increasing continuous cropping obstacles (CCOs) due to cultivation intensification, with autotoxicity being a primary cause. Autotoxin accumulation severely impacts plant growth, reducing yield and quality. Exogenous silicon (Si) plays an important role in improving plant stress adaptation and is an environmentally friendly element with broad application prospects.

DPV UL38 stabilizes MFN2 to subvert MAVS-mediated antiviral immunity in ducks.

Duck plague is a highly contagious disease caused by duck plague virus (DPV) infection, leading to high morbidity (up to 100 %) and mortality rates (up to 95 %) among ducks. Mitochondria are essential organelles for virus replication. It is crucial to deepen the understanding of mitochondrial homeostasis and the interaction between mitochondrial proteins after viral infection.

Exploring the olfactory repertoire of the ecologically important parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): from gene structures to expression analysis.

The ability of parasitoid wasps to precisely locate hosts in complex environments is a key factor in suppressing pest populations. Chemical communication plays an essential role in mediating insect behaviors such as locating food sources, hosts, and mates. Odorant receptors (ORs) are the key connection between external odors and olfactory nerves.

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Parasitoid-Derived Host Manipulation Strategies.

Parasitoid wasps are a diverse group of insects with a unique parasitic lifestyle that allows them to spend their lives closely interacting with their insect hosts, facilitated by parasitic effectors, including venom, polydnaviruses, and teratocytes. These effectors manipulate various aspects of insect host biology to increase the survival of the parasitoids' offspring. During the last two decades, omics and functional studies have significantly advanced our understanding of how parasitoids manipulate their hosts at the molecular level.

Small-scale in situ Hi-C protocol for early embryos to resolve the three-dimensional genome structure.

High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) provides genome-wide insights into chromatin interactions within the three-dimensional structure of the nucleus, making it a powerful tool for studying genome architecture. Here, we provide a modified in situ Hi-C protocol for small cell numbers, utilizing 50-100 embryonic cells at the 8-cell stage to investigate chromatin organization during bovine early embryonic development. This protocol overcomes the challenges of limited sample availability and offers valuable insights into chromatin dynamics during bovine early embryogenesis.

Effects and Mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum G83 on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-Induced Intestinal Inflammation.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a prevalent intestinal pathogen that significantly impacts both human and animal health. G83, isolated from giant panda feces, has demonstrated notable probiotic properties. In this study, C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into Control, ETEC, and G83 groups.

Evaluation of earwax and hair cortisol concentration in relation to environmental stressors in Hanwoo cattle.

Global warming causes heat stress in livestock, impairing their health, welfare, and productivity. In bovines, chronic stress elevates cortisol levels; however, this response often goes undetected due to the lack of practical biomatrices for accurate assessment. Common biomatrices such as blood require repeated sampling that may affect measurement accuracy.

Whole-genome assembly and comparative genomic analyses provide insight into the endophytic lifestyle of Trichoderma lixii.

Trichoderma species exhibit remarkable versatility in adaptability and in occupying habitats with lifestyles ranging from mycoparasitism and saprotrophy to endophytism. In this study, we present the first high-quality whole-genome assembly and annotation of T. lixii using Illumina HiSeq technology to explore the mechanisms of endophytic lifestyle and plant colonization.

Ferric Reductase is a Key Factor in Regulating Iron Absorption by Blastocystis sp.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify and analyze the role of Ferric reductase inBlastocystis sp. subtype 2 (ST2) and explore the relationship between the parasite and iron metabolism.

Methods: The location of Ferric reductase in Blastocystis sp.

Treatment of non-sterile biogas slurry from a pig farm using microalgae isolated from the activated sludge of sewage plants.

Unlabelled: Microalgae treatment is regarded as a green and environmentally acceptable method of treating pig farm biogas slurry (BS). Numerous studies have been conducted on the use of microalgae to treat sterilized BS. Nevertheless, in large-scale application settings, this method will undoubtedly result in high costs and low efficiency.

From Barren Rock to Thriving Life: How Nitrogen Fuels Microbial Carbon Fixation in Deglaciated Landscapes.

Rapidly expanding nascent ecosystems at glacier forefields under climate warming dramatically enhance the terrestrial carbon (C) sink. Microbial C fixation and degradation, closely implicated in nitrogen (N) transformation and plant-soil-microbe interactions, significantly regulate soil C accumulation. However, how shifts in microbial functional potential impact soil C sequestration during vegetation succession remains unclear.

Comparative analysis of colonization and survival strategies of regionally predominant LA-MRSA clones ST398 and ST9.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) displays distinct geographical distribution patterns, with ST398 predominating in Europe and ST9 being the dominant lineage in Asia, particularly China. However, the mechanisms underlying these differences remain poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the cell adhesion capacity, anti-phagocytic properties, and porcine nasal colonization potential of ST9 and ST398 strains isolated from China and Germany.

High-Level Soluble Expression of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in .

Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (hBMP-2) serves as a critical regulator in bone and cartilage formation; however, its industrial application is hindered by its inherent tendency to form inclusion bodies in prokaryotic expression systems. To address this issue, we established a recombinant hBMP-2 (rhBMP-2) expression system using the pCold II plasmid and the SHuffle T7 strain. We explored several strategies to enhance the solubility of rhBMP-2, including coexpression with molecular chaperones, vesicle-mediated secretory expression, fusion expression with synthetic intrinsically disordered proteins (SynIDPs), and fusion expression with small-molecule peptide tags.