sp. nov., isolated from the upper respiratory tract of duck.

Five bacterial strains, designated as RCAD1438, RCAD1439, RCAD1670, RCAD1671 and RCAD1672, were isolated from the upper respiratory tract of ducks in Anhui, Shaanxi and Sichuan, China. All strains are Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and capsulated. They grow optimally at 37 °C and pH 7.

Metal-Free, Regiodivergent -Alkylation of 1-Indazoles Enabled by Brønsted Acid Catalysis.

The catalytic -selective functionalization of indazoles is pivotal in medicinal chemistry; however, achieving regiodivergent -alkylation remains challenging due to the aromatic stabilization and tautomeric equilibrium of indazoles. Herein, we report a metal-free, Brønsted acid-catalyzed alkylation of 1-indazoles using sulfoxonium ylides, which affords excellent -selectivity and good yields. Modulation of the catalyst enables switchable /-alkylation.

Duck plague virus ICP27 protein suppresses IFN-β production by dual targeting of DNA- and RNA-sensing pathways.

Duck plague virus (DPV), an alphaherpesvirus causing severe economic losses in global waterfowl industries, adopts sophisticated strategies to subvert host antiviral immunity. Here, we identify DPV ICP27 as a pivotal immune evasion protein that concurrently inhibits both DNA (cGAS-STING) and RNA (RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS) innate immune sensing pathways-a novel function unreported in avian herpesviruses. Through co-transfection and infection assays in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs), we demonstrate that ICP27 suppresses key immune sensors' transcriptional and protein expression levels (STING, RIG-I) and the transcription factor IRF7.

Roles of SPI-2 T3SS effectors in virulence of Choleraesuis and Construction of a triple-gene mutant vaccine strain.

Effector protein functions of Type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by pathogenicity islands 2 (SPI-2) have not been fully characterized in serovar Choleraesuis. This study characterized 21 effectors of SPI-2 T3SS of in terms of macrophage survival and virulence in mice via construction of various gene mutant strains. Eight effector genes including , , and contributed to bacterial survival in macrophage cell line RAW264.

A Review of Designing Hierarchical Structure Within Membrane Electrode Assembly for Water Electrolyzer.

Green hydrogen produced from water electrolyzers demonstrates higher efficiency and sustainability than industrial alkaline water electrolysis due to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design. However, random structure designs in current MEAs significantly increase the charge and mass transport resistance, leading to a decrease in energy efficiency. In contrast, the ordered structure design in MEA provides well-defined arrangements of pores, channels, or pathways within catalysts, catalyst layers, porous transport layers, and ion exchange membranes (IEMs).

Threat-related attentional bias in individuals with different looming cognitive styles: An ERP study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of looming cognitive styles (LCS) on threat-related attentional bias by comparing the characteristics of threatening and neutral images in subjects with different LCS.

Methods: The Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire (LMSQ) was administered to 200 college students to assess their anxiety vulnerability. Based on their scores, participants were categorized into high looming cognitive style (high-LCS) and low looming cognitive style (low-LCS) groups.

Two receptor-targeting mechanisms of lambda-like siphophage Gifsy-1 of Salmonella Typhimurium.

The receptor-targeting mechanisms by which λ-like siphophages establish infection in gram-negative bacteria remain poorly characterized. This study demonstrated that the λ-like phage Gifsy-1, which exhibits broad lytic activity in Salmonella enterica, employs two receptor-targeting mechanisms mediated by the side tail fiber Stf and central tail tip J dependent on O-polysaccharide (OPS) production. In rough (OPS-deficient LPS) Salmonella Typhimurium strains, Gifsy-1 employs multiple receptor-targeting: the J protein binds OmpC, OmpX, and BtuB, while the Stf protein targets galactose II (Gal II) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core oligosaccharide.

Two-dimensional robot-assisted physeal-sparing medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction can achieve favourable clinical outcomes for skeletally immature patients with recurrent patellar dislocation.

Purpose: The surgical treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation (PRD) in adolescents faces particular difficulties, since the integrity of open growth plates may be compromised by standard surgical methods used in adults. This study aimed to review a series of adolescents with RPD who underwent robot-assisted physeal-sparing medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, compare the clinical results with those of a non-robot-assisted group, and measure the vertical distance between Schöttle point and the physis intraoperatively.

Methods: This retrospective clinical analysis included 55 adolescents with RPD who had no significant bone deformities and underwent MPFL reconstruction using either a robot-assisted technique or a non-robot-assisted method between February 2019 to November 2023.

Hepatic fat infiltration and clinical indicators in polycystic ovary syndrome: insights from MRI HISTO sequences.

Research Questions: Is the 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) high-resolution tissue spectroscopy (HISTO) sequence efficacious as a non-invasive method for assessing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? Are there associations between the HISTO-proton density fat fraction (PDFF) value and liver fat infiltration, liver fat content, clinical indicators and body composition?

Design: MRI HISTO sequences of the liver were acquired in 28 patients with PCOS and 37 age-matched healthy controls. Fasting blood chemistry including liver function tests, lipid profile, glucose and insulin, morphometric characteristics, and body composition analysis were recorded.

A telomere-to-telomere reference genome assembly of the red silk cotton tree (Bombax ceiba).

Bombax ceiba, an important ornamental tree and potential fiber resource in the textile industry, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we assembled a nearly gap-free telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome of B. ceiba using Illumina, PacBio High-fidelity (HiFi), ONT ultra-long, and Hi-C sequencing technologies.

Enteritidis Outbreak Associated with Contaminated Raw Eggs in Cold-Braised Meat Assortment: Changsha, China, 2024.

, a significant zoonotic pathogen, remains the predominant global etiological agent of foodborne diseases and consistently ranks as one of the leading causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in China. We report a foodborne disease outbreak caused by Enteritidis contamination of a cold-braised meat assortment (including a beef shank, pork tongue, tripe, marinated eggs, and dried egg products) linked to contaminated raw eggs at the JN Ecological Farm in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, in November 2024. The outbreak was traced to a birthday lunch banquet on November 11, among 165 attendees, 54 confirmed cases were identified.

Molecular characterization of a novel mitovirus infecting the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum camelliae.

In this investigation, we identified a novel mitovirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum camelliae strain HNCS-Cc7 and named it "Colletotrichum camelliae mitovirus 1" (CcMV1). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that CcMV1 has 2,650 nucleotides with an A + U content of 62%. The CcMV1 genome contains a single open reading frame (ORF) that encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of 756 amino acids with a molecular mass of 84.

The Protein Encoded by the UL3.5 Gene of the Duck Plague Virus Affects Viral Secondary Envelopment, Release, and Cell-to-Cell Spread.

Duck plague (DP), caused by duck plague virus (DPV), is a highly contagious and fatal disease among waterfowl. UL3.5, an unconserved gene belonging to the family, subfamily, and genus, is located downstream of UL3 and exhibits high variability in size and sequence, with an absence in herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Evaluating ECAMM-based training efficacy for malaria microscopists in Hunan Province, China.

Background: The rapid and accurate diagnosis of malaria has contributed to China's remarkable achievement in malaria elimination. In the post-elimination phase, microscopic examination remains crucial for preventing the reintroduction of imported malaria. This study developed and validated a 4-day external competency assessment training program for malaria microscopists based on the External Competency Assessment for Malaria Microscopists (ECAMM) framework, to enhance diagnostic proficiency among laboratory personnel in public health institutions.

Cooperative nuclear import of duck plague virus DNA polymerase subunits: pUL42 NLS Enhances pUL30 nuclear import and viral replication, with VP22 as a compensatory factor.

Duck plague (DP), caused by duck plague virus (DPV), is an acute, febrile, and septic disease fatal to geese, ducks, and other wild waterfowl. The DPV UL42 gene product, pUL42, an accessory subunit of the viral DNA polymerase, whose nuclear import is critical for viral replication; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified a 33-amino acids region at the C-terminus of pUL42, containing its nuclear localization signal (NLS).

High prevalence of Duck Hepatitis B virus-associated coinfection in Southwest China.

Currently, five types of duck hepatitis viruses have been documented, and they are all associated with liver disorders. However, the prevalence of their coinfections involving these viruses remains largely uncertain. Herein, we screened the prevalence of the five types of hepatitis viruses from A to E in 143 samples of diseased duck livers during 2019-2021 in Southwest China.

Ribonuclease P/MRP subunit RPP40 coordinates the transcription of pre-rRNA and ribosomal protein genes to promote Hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. The intricate molecular processes that drive the development and advancement of HCC are still not entirely clear. Recent studies have implicated the 11 protein subunits of ribonuclease P (POP1, POP4, POP5, POP7, RPP14, RPP21, RPP25, two copies of RPP30, RPP38, and RPP40) in various cancers, yet their specific roles in HCC require further clarification.

High-resolution detection of RPS24 microexon variations reveals novel splicing patterns in response to KRAS-targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma.

Alternative splicing (AS) dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in cancer progression and drug response. However, precisely detecting and characterizing complex splicing events, particularly those involving microexons, remains technically challenging. Ribosomal Protein 24 (RPS24), which contains three microexons (3, 18, and 22 bp), serves as an ideal model for studying complex AS regulation in cancer.

Duck plague virus gG is secreted, nonstructural glycoprotein, not essential for viral replication and responsible for the virulence.

Duck plague virus (DPV) is a highly pathogenic member of the herpesvirus family that can induce significant morbidity and mortality, primarily manifesting as septicemia in multiple host organs. The US4 gene encodes glycoprotein gG, which is highly conserved across the alphaherpesvirus family. To date, our laboratory has conducted preliminary bioinformatics analysis and prokaryotic expression studies of DPV US4; however, there is a paucity of literature regarding its biological characteristics and functions.

Application and prospects of genetic engineering in CAR-NK cell therapy.

With the rapid advancement of genetic engineering technologies, CAR-NK cell therapy, as an emerging immunotherapeutic approach, has demonstrated significant potential. CAR-NK cells recognize and eliminate tumor cells through chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Genetic engineering techniques have enhanced the targeting and anti-tumor activity of CAR-NK cells by optimizing key components of the CAR structure, such as signal peptides, single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), linkers, and hinge regions.

Identification and Characterization of Linear Epitopes of Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Capsid Protein of Goose Astrovirus Genotype 2.

Since 2015, outbreaks of a disease causing severe visceral gout in goslings had resulted in substantial economic losses to the goose farming industry in China. Subsequently, the disease, characterized by extensive visceral urate deposition and renal swelling, was determined to be caused by a novel astrovirus, designated as goose astrovirus (GAstV). The capsid protein (Cap) of GAstV, encoded by ORF2, is the sole structural protein of the virus and holds potential for developing therapeutic antibodies and diagnostic tools.

Mallard ILF2 negatively regulates type I IFN production through autophagy-lysosome-dependent degradation of IRF7.

Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 (ILF2) has been reported to act as either a positive or negative regulator of viral infection by directly affecting viral RNA replication. In this study, mallard ILF2 was found to impair type I IFN production, thereby facilitating the replication of duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV). The overexpression of ILF2 in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells resulted in suppression of polyI: C- and DTMUV-induced production of three type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-κ-like, whereas the knockdown of ILF2 expression in DEF cells enhanced type I IFN production and inhibited DTMUV infection.

Duck plague virus US3 kinase phosphorylates and induces STING degradation to inhibit innate immune responses.

Duck plague virus (DPV) causes the highest mortality rate among aquatic birds; however, its antago nistic mechanism against antiviral innate immune responses remains elusive. In this study, we systematically screened and found that most DPV genes have inhibitory potential for duck cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthetase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon (IFN) gene (STING) pathway-mediated antiviral responses, with the DPV US3 kinase showing the strongest inhibitory activity. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting assays demonstrated that DPV US3 interacted with STING and induced its degradation.

Robot-Assisted Individualized Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Skeletally Immature Patients With Recurrent Patellar Dislocation: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: The surgical treatment of patellar instability in children and adolescents can be challenging, as successful surgical techniques used in adults may pose a risk to the open growth plate when applied in this younger population.

Purpose: To review a series of adolescent patients with recurrent patellar dislocation who underwent robot-assisted individualized medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence: 4.