Visible-Light-Induced Organic-Dye-Catalyzed Bromination of Activated Alkenes with Sodium Bromide.

The direct introduction of a bromine atom into organic molecules is valuable because of its versatility in synthetic intermediates and modular building blocks but traditionally suffers from poor selectivity and relatively complicated and/or harsh reaction conditions. We herein present the first visible-light-driven organic-dye-catalyzed bromination protocol under mild conditions with high regioselectivity. This methodology leverages rapid intramolecular radical trapping to achieve regioselective monobromination of alkenes, thus effectively suppressing competing dibromination and electrophilic bromination pathways.

The rice cation/calcium exchanger OsCCX2 is involved in calcium signal clearance and osmotic tolerance.

Hyperosmolality-triggered physiological drought hinders plant growth and development, leading to a drop in crop yields. Hyperosmolality triggers calcium signaling, and yet how osmotic-induced calcium signaling participates in cellular osmotic response remains enigmatic. To date, several Ca channels and transporters have been identified to regulate osmotic-induced calcium signal generation (CaSG) or Ca homeostasis.

A dual-site doping strategy to enhance the sodium storage performance of an O3-type layered sodium oxide cathode.

The O3-type NaNiFeMnO material is modified by introducing Sr into the Na sites and Al into the transition metal (TM) sites. The inactive Sr and Al serve as structural pillars within the NaO and TMO slabs, respectively, expanding the interlayer spacing and boosting the stability of the structure. The optimized cathode demonstrates a good rate performance of 117.

Reclassification of Kim . 2020 as a later heterotypic synonym of Ye . 2020 using a polyphasic approach.

16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that F21 shared the highest sequence similarity of 100.00% to XAY3209. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that F21 formed a cluster with XAY3209, suggesting that there was a close genetic relationship between them.

Predictive factors affecting hepatitis patients survival results via application of the machine learning methods.

Hepatitis, caused by viruses A-E, can silently progress to liver damage, cirrhosis, or cancer. Chronic B and C increase failure risk. Machine learning models help predict hepatitis risks using patient data, symptoms, and history.

Genome-Wide Analysis and Screening of Uridine Diphosphate-Glycosyltransferase Family Genes Involved in Lignin/Flavonoid Glycosylation and Stress Response in (L.) Gaudich.

Lignins and flavonoids, which are derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway and share common precursors, play an important role in (ramie). Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are essential for the glycosylation of secondary metabolites and are involved in plant growth and stress responses. Hence, this study aimed to screen candidate related to lignin/flavonoid glycosylation and stress responses.

Untargeted metabolomics reveals compositional alterations in the muscle tissue of hybrid crucian carp.

Fish breeding, including distant hybridization and backcrossing, can reinforce fish growth performance and flesh quality. Using the intercrossing and backcrossing, two improved crucian carps, WR1 and WR2, were generated with a fast growth rate and high-quality flesh. The present study focused on the metabolomic profiles of two genetically improved fish species and investigated the mechanisms of advanced traits underlying metabolic changes by comparing them to their original parents.

Ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor based on MOF-derived Ni@carbon nanoframework and MWCNTs for the detection of flutamide in environmental water samples.

Ni@carbon nanoframework-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ni@CNF-CNTs) nanomaterials were synthesized through the carbonization of flower-like nickel metal organic framework (Ni-MOF) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Subsequently, a high-performance flutamide (FLT) - an anti-androgen drug -  electrochemical sensor was constructed using the nanomaterials. Both Ni@carbon nanoframework (Ni@CNF) and MWCNTs have adsorption capacity for FLT.

Stabilizing NiFe active sites using a high-valent Lewis acid for selective seawater oxidation.

Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production harnesses renewable energy sources, contributing to sustainable development. However, competing anodic reactions, such as the chloride oxidation reaction (ClOR), can adversely affect the activity and stability of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, we propose a strategy that significantly enhances the OER activity and selectivity of NiFe-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by incorporating chromium (Cr) (Cr-NiFeLDHs).

Research Advances in Multiple Embryos and Apomixis in Rice ( L.).

A typical seed of rice ( L.) gives rise to a single seedling. In contrast, seeds from multiple embryos may develop into two or more seedlings, one of which is generated via sexual reproduction, while the others are likely to originate through apomictic pathways.

Gut microbiota - indole-3-acetic acid axis in cancer: dual functions, mechanistic insights, and therapeutic potential.

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a gut microbial metabolite produced from dietary tryptophan, has a dual role in cancer, either promoting or suppressing tumor growth depending on its concentration and the cancer context. IAA can boost chemotherapy effectiveness by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting autophagy, and damaging cancer cells. It also activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which promotes an immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype and reduces T-cell activity, aiding in tumor growth.

Streptomyces secundicynarae sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the leaves of Cynara scolymus.

A novel actinobacterium strain, designated HUAS ZL42, was isolated from the leaves of Cynara scolymus. Its taxonomic position was characterized using a polyphasic method. Strain HUAS ZL42 produced spiral spore chains consisting of rod-shaped or ovoid spores with smooth surfaces on Gause's synthetic No.

A new arboreal species of Yosii, 1969 and a new record of Yosii, 1955 (Collembola, Neanuridae) from China, with notes on the feeding behavior of Neanurinae.

A new species, (Collembola: Neanuridae) is described from Yongzhou, Hunan Province, China. The new species is characterized by the combination of following characters: 2+2 uncolored big eyes; labral chaetotaxy as 0/2, 2; cephalic tubercle Fr with chaeta O; cephalic tubercles Dl, L and So fused; mandibles with four teeth; maxillae with two lamellae, the long one with a tiny tooth and the short one with pointed tip; labrum truncated; claw without inner tooth; and femur and tibiotarsus with a tenant chaeta. Deharveng & Weiner, 1984 was reported from China for the first time.

Mechanisms and Research Methods of Protein Modification in Virus Entry.

Protein interactions are of paramount importance for the performance of biological functions within organisms. Post-translational modifications, including glycosylation and phosphorylation, regulate protein-protein interactions through non-covalent mechanisms. Glycosylation typically facilitates binding by altering surface properties, whereas phosphorylation can either enhance or disrupt interactions depending on context, collectively amplifying the biological impact of proteins.

Spatio-temporal dynamics and drivers of cropland ecosystem services value during the past two decades in Yangtze river economic belt, China.

Introduction: Cropland ecosystem is one of the fundamental natural resources for human survival and development, serving not only as the core carrier of food production but also as an important provider of ecological services. Clarifying the spatio-temporal variation of the cropland ecosystem service value (Crop-ESV) and understanding its main drivers are critical for maintaining and regulating cropland ecosystem functions.

Methods: Thus, this study systematically assessed the Crop-ESV in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in China and mapped it at 1 km spatial resolution from 2001 to 2020.

Super-large record-breaking mitochondrial genome of in Pinaceae.

Introduction: Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) in Pinaceae are notable for their large size and complexity. This study investigates the mitogenome of the critically endangered to understand the drivers of its exceptional genome expansion.

Methods: We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the mitogenome.

Phenotypic Analysis and Spatiotemporal RNA-Seq Reveal Key Phenes and Regulatory Network Cascades Under Low Nitrogen Stress in Lettuce.

The biological processes underlying nitrogen uptake and utilization represent targets for the genetic improvement of lettuce nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to increase productivity and counter nitrogen pollution. This study investigated the growth performance and phenotypic traits of 12 lettuce (Lactuca sativa) varieties under low nitrogen (LN) conditions. Spatial and time-resolved RNA-seq of the LN-tolerance lettuce variety was conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of the LN response.

A new digital watermarking model using honey encryption and reversible cellular automata.

Watermarking is the process of embedding and extracting a watermark design on a digital cover to prove the image's copyright or ownership, thereby securing the image's authenticity. The proposed method in this paper uses a combination of honey encryption and reversible cellular automata for image watermarking. This method has two main phases: In the first phase, first, the initial matrix of the image is converted to a vector form.

The coding mitochondrial genome of crayfish (Cambaridae, Decapoda) with phylogenetic analysis.

is a popular aquarium freshwater crayfish in China. In this study, the mitochondrial genome of was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. The coding mitogenome of is 15,000 bp in length, consisting 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs.

Delayed feedback control and parameter continuation of multistability in a nonsmooth hydraulic rock drill model.

In response to the complex multistable behavior observed in hydraulic rock drills during the drilling process, this study first establishes a four-degree-of-freedom physical model based on dry friction rock mechanics theory. The motion trajectory is classified into three states: non-viscous, impact viscous, and buffer viscous. Using the impact frequency ω as the bifurcation parameter, multistable attractors p0q1 and p1q2 are identified in the system when ω = 9.

Three new species and one new record of Mason (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from the Australo-Oriental region.

The small microgastrine braconid genus Mason was known previously from parts of the Australo-Oriental region, but it has never been reported from Borneo (Brunei and Sarawak), Peninsular Malaysia, Seram, or the Solomon Islands before this study. Here we describe three new species, namely, Liu & Polaszek, from Brunei, Sarawak, and Seram; Liu & Polaszek, from Sarawak; and Liu & Polaszek, from Peninsular Malaysia. We also present a new distribution record of Austin & Dangerfield from the Solomon Islands, along with a key to 21 species known from the Australo-Oriental region.

Advances in MXene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Multiplexed Detection in Biofluids.

Detection of multiple analytes in biofluids is of significance for early disease diagnosis, effective treatment monitoring, and accurate prognostic assessment. Electrochemical sensors have emerged as a promising tool for the multiplexed detection of biofluids due to their low cost, high sensitivity, and rapid response. Two-dimensional transition metal carbon/nitride MXene, which has the advantages of a large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and abundant surface functional groups, has received increasing attention in the electrochemical sensing field.

The role of glycosylated mucins in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut health.

The intestinal mucus barrier is a crucial component of the host's innate defense system, playing a vital role in regulating intestinal microecology and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Glycosylated mucins, the core components of this barrier, are essential for preserving its integrity by preventing bacterial degradation. Additionally, mucins significantly contribute to establishing a balanced symbiotic relationship between the host and microbes.

Oxygen vacancy enhanced local acidic environment toward efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in seawater over 1000 hours.

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in seawater is of great significance, but its efficiency is significantly hindered by the limited activity of electrocatalysts and cathodic precipitation of Ca/Mg ions. In this context, Ru/FeO catalyst with an abundance of oxygen vacancies is developed to enhance local acidic environments. On the one side, in-situ electrochemical measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have uncovered that the adjustment of hydrogen adsorption energy and electronic structure by oxygen vacancies contributes to construct local acidic environment of HO, leading to enhanced HER kinetics and performance.

Confined MnO nanoparticles in N-doped carbon nanotubes for ultrasensitive anodic stripping voltammetry analysis of Pb(Ⅱ) and Hg(Ⅱ).

Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) is an important method for detecting toxic metal ions. However, its enrichment step relies heavily on the applied reduction potential, leading to complex, inefficient sensing procedures. In this study, we propose an electrodeposition-free approach for self-reduction of toxic metal ions using the valence cycling property of transition metals.