Development of a high-efficiency N-acetylneuraminic acid production platform through multi-pathway synergistic engineering.

The growing demand for N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) has driven the need for efficient and environmentally sustainable biomanufacturing processes. Microbial fermentation offers a promising route, yet optimizing cell factories with excellent phenotypes remains challenging. Here, we engineered Escherichia coli to enable high-efficiency co-utilization of glucose and glycerol.

Spatiotemporal Distribution Patterns and Conservation Priorities of Gymnosperms With Different Leaf Shapes in China Under Climate Change.

Leaf morphology is one of the important indicators for studying the response of plants to climate change. Gymnosperms play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem stability in China. However, the geographical and altitudinal distribution patterns of gymnosperms with different leaf morphologies in China in response to climate change are not yet fully understood.

Spectrally stable red c-plane InGaN-based LEDs enabled by composition-graded AlGaN barriers.

Red-emitting InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are highly sought after in next-generation micro-displays and visible light communication systems. In order to improve the luminescence performance of red LEDs, we report a graded Al content AlGaN barrier structure to alleviate internal polarization fields and suppress QCSE. Compared to red LEDs with a constant Al content, red LEDs with a graded Al content exhibit high spectral stability.

Binary transport of PS and PET microplastics in saturated quartz sand: Effect of sand particle size and PET shape.

Understanding the transport behavior of microplastics (MPs) with diverse polymer types and shapes in subsurface environments is crucial for assessing their environmental risks. This study systematically investigates the individual and binary transport of spherical polystyrene (sPS), spherical polyethylene terephthalate (sPET), and fragmentary PET (fPET) with ∼1 μm sizes in saturated quartz sand with two particle sizes (8-16 mesh and 26-40 mesh), under varying ionic strengths (0.1-50 mM NaCl).

Super-large record-breaking mitochondrial genome of in Pinaceae.

Introduction: Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) in Pinaceae are notable for their large size and complexity. This study investigates the mitogenome of the critically endangered to understand the drivers of its exceptional genome expansion.

Methods: We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the mitogenome.

Pathway Refactoring for Efficient 7-Dehydrocholesterol Production in .

7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is a subcutaneous sterol and a precursor to various active vitamin D. Here, a strain equipped with the biosynthetic pathway for 7-DHC was constructed. 109.

Modulating Dynamic Deprotonation Evolution via Sacrificial Solvation Structure to Mitigate Zinc Electrochemical Corrosion and Cathodic Structure Deterioration for High-Stable Zinc-Vanadium Batteries.

Compared to the free water molecules induced chemical corrosion, the electrochemical corrosion arising from the structured water elicits more pronounced zinc anode degradation, result in the limited cycle lifespan, especially at low current densities. However, the interfacial degradation mechanism remains inadequately resolved. Herein, for the inhibition of proton-induced side reactions, a lean-water polymer electrolyte is developed through the chelation of carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) with Zn ions.

Single-Specie Selectivity via Subnanometer Hierarchical Porous Channel Metal-Organic Gels Toward Ultra-stable Anodes for Zn Metal Batteries.

Gel polymer electrolytes demonstrate substantial potential for aqueous zinc-ion batteries, yet obtaining exquisite balance between molecular/ion sieving precision enhancement and ion conduction pathway optimization remains a persistent scientific challenge. Here, to assure long-term stabilized zinc electrodeposition, a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-Zn(ClO)-DMF metal-organic gel (MOG) embedded with hierarchical sub-nanochannels was strategically designed to facilitate single-specie selectivity toward Zn. In accordance with the ion-sieving transition state theory, the MOG accomplished directional discrimination of DMF solvent and ClO species via synergistic size exclusion effect and interaction force (dipole-dipole interaction, electrostatic interaction and vdW force), which specifically reduces the sieving activation energy of Zn.

High-speed low-noise InGaAs/InP PIN photodetectors on a Si platform achieved by oxygen plasma activation bonding.

In this paper, we report the hydrophilic wafer bonding of a 2 in. InP-based InGaAs/InP epitaxial film to a SiO/Si substrate using oxygen plasma surface activation. The fabricated vertical Si-based InGaAs/InP PIN photodetectors exhibit an exceptionally low surface leakage current of 2.

Aging of textile-based microfibers in both air and water environments.

Textile-based microfibers (MFs) are a predominant source of global microplastics (MPs) pollution. Yet, less is known about the aging of textile-based MFs. This study explored the aging behavior of textile-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MFs with white (without pigment) and black (with carbon black as pigment) colors in both air and water environments.

Octamer-Binding Transcription Factor 4 Inhibits HSC Functions via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway After 60Co Irradiation.

High doses of radiation can cause irreversible bone marrow hematopoietic damage and even death. No effective strategies have been developed to protect against radiation effects in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A total-body irradiation model was used to determine damage to HSCs.

Association Between p-STAT3/STAT3 Expression and Knosp Grading in Growth Hormone Pituitary Tumors.

Background And Objectives: Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (GH-PAs) that invade the structures surrounding the pituitary gland are a big problem for clinical professionals working in the field. People have tried to find a reliable biomarker for this. The STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) proteins are increased in many cancers and help cells move and invade.

Investigating the Distribution Dynamics of the Subgenus in China and Providing Insights into Resources Management Under Future Climate Change.

Rapid climate change has significantly impacted species distribution patterns, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of dominant tree dynamics for effective forest resource management and utilization. The subgenus , a widely distributed taxon in subtropical China, represents an ecologically and economically important group of woody plants valued for both oil production and ornamental purposes. In this study, we employed the BIOMOD2 ensemble modeling framework to investigate the spatial distribution patterns and range dynamics of the subgenus under projected climate change scenarios.

Enabling rapid Zn ion diffusion and anionic repulsion toward high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

The development of metallic Zn anodes was hindered by dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution side reactions. Here, we construct a functionalized poly(vinyl-alcohol) protective layer by a simple electro-deposition synthesis process, which realizes stable Zn deposition/stripping (3500 h) and excellent rate performance.

Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification: Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Cnidii Fructus Herb Pair Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis by Regulating the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway.

Background: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a common continuous inflammation dermatosis requiring efficacious therapeutic intervention. Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Cnidii Fructus (PC) herb pair has shown effectiveness and security in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical applications, yet its pharmacological constituents and mechanisms are not fully elucidated.

Purpose: This study used serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, and validation experiments to examine the impact of PC in the treatment of AD.

Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy in overcoming tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in a patient with malignant pleural effusion: a case report.

Background: Lung cancer remains a global health challenge, with an incidence of 23% and an overall 5-year survival of only 19%, as nearly half newly diagnosed cases are at the advanced stages. Among Asian patients, over 50% of lung cancer cases carry epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations, highlighting the significance of targeted therapy, mainly tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, acquired resistance to -TKIs inevitably occurs, representing a persisting challenge in cancer therapy.

Fabrication of a high-performance Ge/Si PIN photodetector utilizing Ge/Si hetero-bonding with a microcrystalline Ge interlayer.

We present a high-performance Ge/Si PIN photodetector that leverages the advanced Ge/Si hetero-bonding method. The sputtered microcrystalline Ge is utilized as the interlayer, in conjunction with Smart-Cut technology, to fabricate high-quality Si-based Ge films. The exfoliated Ge film exhibits a surface roughness of 0.

may inhibit esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth and metastasis by regulating the axis.

Background: FOXF2, a member of the transcription factor FOX family proteins, plays a key role in tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness. However, the potential molecular mechanism of FOXF2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely unknown. Exploring its role and mechanism in ESCC progression may help identify new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Molecular logic for cellular specializations that initiate the auditory parallel processing pathways.

The cochlear nuclear complex (CN), the starting point for all central auditory processing, encompasses a suite of neuronal cell types highly specialized for neural coding of acoustic signals. However, the molecular logic governing these specializations remains unknown. By combining single-nucleus RNA sequencing and Patch-seq analysis, we reveal a set of transcriptionally distinct cell populations encompassing all previously observed types and discover multiple hitherto unknown subtypes with anatomical and physiological identity.

Advances in bacterial glycoprotein engineering: A critical review of current technologies, emerging challenges, and future directions.

Protein glycosylation, which involves the addition of carbohydrate chains to amino acid side chains, imparts essential properties to proteins, offering immense potential in synthetic biology applications. Despite its importance, natural glycosylation pathways present several limitations, highlighting the need for new tools to better understand glycan structures, recognition, metabolism, and biosynthesis, and to facilitate the production of biologically relevant glycoproteins. The field of bacterial glycoengineering has gained significant attention due to the ongoing discovery and study of bacterial glycosylation systems.

Plastome characterization and its phylogenetic implications on Lithocarpus (Fagaceae).

Background: The genus Lithocarpus is a species-rich dominant woody lineage in East Asian evergreen broad-leaved forests. Despite its ecological and economic significance, the plastome structure and evolutionary history of the genus remain poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the 34 plastomes representing 33 Lithocarpus species.

High-efficiency production of plant-derived pigment dopaxanthin in Escherichia coli by combination engineering.

Background: Dopaxanthin is a natural pigment betaxanthins family member with the highest antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. However, its relatively low content in plants limited the wide range of applications. Cost-efficient microbial production, therefore, showed an attractive alternative.

Discovery of 1-(Phenylsulfonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Derivative as Orally Bioavailable and Safe RORγt Inverse Agonists for Potential Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) is a key regulator of Th17 cells, associated with autoimmune diseases, making it a significant drug target. Herein, we designed and synthesized 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, improving upon GSK2981278 to enhance bioavailability. Of which, exhibited superior bioavailability (F = 48.

Diversity of ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neurons across species and multiple biological factors.

The brainstem region, locus coeruleus (LC), has been remarkably conserved across vertebrates. Evolution has woven the LC into wide-ranging neural circuits that influence functions as broad as autonomic systems, the stress response, nociception, sleep, and high-level cognition among others. Given this conservation, there is a strong possibility that LC activity is inherently similar across species, and furthermore that age, sex, and brain state influence LC activity similarly across species.