Strategies for enhancing yield and quality of forage-grain dual-purpose ratoon rice: role of first-season density and nitrogen management.

The "forage-grain dual-purpose" model helps ease land-use competition and supports high-yield, high-quality rice production. However, integrated strategies to simultaneously improve silage rice and ratoon rice yield and quality across both seasons require further systematic study. A two-year field study (2022-2023) was conducted using two widely cultivated indica hybrid rice cultivars, F You 498 (FY498) and Chuankangyou Simiao (CKYSM), in Southwest China.

Development of a high-efficiency N-acetylneuraminic acid production platform through multi-pathway synergistic engineering.

The growing demand for N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) has driven the need for efficient and environmentally sustainable biomanufacturing processes. Microbial fermentation offers a promising route, yet optimizing cell factories with excellent phenotypes remains challenging. Here, we engineered Escherichia coli to enable high-efficiency co-utilization of glucose and glycerol.

Machine Learning Study of Methane Activation by O-Centered Radicals over Metal Oxide Clusters.

Methane activation, a "holy grail" in chemistry, is crucial for producing value-added chemicals. Metal oxide clusters (MOCs) that activate methane through oxygen-centered radicals (O) have been extensively studied. However, a systematic and quantitative understanding of the electronic factors that govern the reactivity of the O radicals toward methane is still missing.

Mechanisms of anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer surgery: unraveling the roles of inflammation, immunity, and microbiota - a narrative review.

Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a major complication of colorectal surgery that can lead to abdominal infection and systemic inflammatory response. Meanwhile, the microbiota and immune microenvironment at the anastomosis are closely related to the formation of AL. Presently, a considerable volume of research is directed towards investigating the colorectal microenvironment in AL.

Locked Nucleic Acid Modification for Base-Stacking Engineering of Self-Assembled DNA Crystals.

DNA hybridization and assembly processes are governed by the concerted effects of Watson-Crick pairing and base-stacking interactions. While sequence engineering and chemical modifications have been extensively exploited to regulate DNA hybridization processes and complex structural assembly of DNA, here we demonstrate the use of locked nucleic acid (LNA) modifications to finely tune base-stacking interactions, which are yet to be explored in DNA assembly processes, to program the growth of self-assembled DNA crystals. We find that sticky-end LNA modifications decrease base-pair spacing and enhance base-stacking energy, which synergistically improves interstrand affinity and accelerates hybridization rate constants, as revealed by strand displacement kinetics, molecular dynamics simulations, and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis.

Nitric oxide induces apoptosis of human primary melanocytes by regulating calcium homeostasis via VDAC1.

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease that originates from damage and loss of melanocytes (MCs). Studies have identified abnormal nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in vitiligo patients, but the mechanisms by which NO contributes to MC loss remain unclear. Skin samples from patients with vitiligo and healthy controls were collected to evaluate the expression of three nitric oxide synthases (NOS) isoforms.

Surgical quality and health utilization of gastric cancer surgery in China: a post hoc analysis of the Prevalence of Abdominal Complications After Gastroenterological Surgery study.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the surgical quality, safety, and healthcare utilization associated with gastric cancer surgery in China, using international studies for benchmarking.

Design: A prospective registered study was conducted utilizing data from the Prevalence of Abdominal Complications After Gastroenterological Surgery study, comprised of 1859 patients without postoperative complications (non-POC group) and 412 patients with at least one POC group. Baseline characteristics, surgical outcomes, and healthcare utilization were compared between groups, and results were further contextualized through a review of international multicenter studies.

Electroencephalogram-Based Satisfaction Assessment Brain-Computer Interface in Emerging Video Service by Using Graph Representation Learning.

Emerging video services (EVS) offer users various multimedia presentations, and satisfaction assessment is crucial for enhancing their user experience and competitiveness. However, existing research methods are unable to provide a quantitative satisfaction assessment. Electroencephalogram (EEG), as a popular signal source in brain-computer interface (BCI), with the advantage of being difficult to disguise and containing rich brain activity information, has gained increasing attention from researchers.

Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer: An individual patient data meta-analysis of KLASS-02 and CLASS-01 randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) has potential as a surgical treatment option for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). However, there is uncertainty regarding the generalizability of LDG efficacy across diverse patient populations and treatment settings. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of LDG .

Clinical characteristics of children with septic arthritis caused by different pathogenic bacteria.

Septic arthritis is a serious infectious disease in children. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between demographics, laboratory values at presentation, reported symptoms at presentation, joint involvement, and distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in 171 patients during the period of 2012-2022. The results showed that a total of 77 pathogen-positive patients were detected in the 171 patients (culture-positive rate of 45.

LncRNA-miRNA interaction prediction based on multi-source heterogeneous graph neural network and multi-level attention mechanism.

Identifying the interactions between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) has been demonstrated to unveil the mechanisms of biological processes, thus aiding in disease diagnosis and treatment. Traditional experimental methods are often laborious, costly, and time-consuming. Graph neural network-based approaches have made significant strides by effectively learning from graph data.

Identifying potential beneficiaries of neoadjuvant therapy in borrmann type III and IV gastric cancer: A treatment heterogeneity analysis using causal survival forests.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer, but its efficacy for Scirrhous-type Gastric Cancer (SGC) remains uncertain. This study evaluated the effectiveness of NAC and identified characteristics of potential beneficiaries within this patient population.

Methods: A retrospective single-center analysis included patients with large SGC who underwent either NAC followed by surgery (NAC group) or upfront surgery (SUR group).

Nitrogen-doped biochar assists rapid electron transfer at the ZnCdS/CoMoO interface to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production.

The interphase charge carrier transport rate in the photocatalytic H evolution reaction represents one of the parameters influencing the photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance. Sunflower straw, which is considered as farm waste and urea to prepare N-doped biochar (NC) co-catalysts, and construction of a composite catalyst ZnCdS/CoMoO-8/5 %NC for photocatalytic hydrogen production by in situ growth of CoMoO and biochar loaded on ZnCdS. Using 10 vol% lactic acid as the sacrificial reagent, the composite catalyst produced 701 μmol of hydrogen over 5 h of photocatalysis.

Diagnosis model for mouse lung cancer based on terahertz spectroscopy and a transformer network.

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology offers a non-destructive and non-invasive approach to elucidating microstructure and chemical properties of cancer tissues, providing significant advantages for early diagnosis and monitoring. However, challenges such as the presence of outliers, sample class imbalance, and limited diagnostic accuracy persist. To enhance dataset quality, the boxplots were applied to identify and remove abnormal data, and the Savitzky-Golay filter was employed for spectral denoising in this paper.

Utilizing Combined Circulating Tumor DNA and Tumor Markers to Evaluate Neoadjuvant Therapy Response and Predict Recurrence in Patients with Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Background: Accurately assessing treatment response and predicting recurrence in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy is challenging. This study explores the use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and its combination with tumor markers (TM) for this purpose.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients, collecting plasma samples at pretreatment (T0), after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (T1), and 3-10 days after surgery (T2), along with tissue samples.

Computed tomography features of gastric cancer with deficient mismatch repair: Radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Objectives: Our study aimed to identify CT features of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) associated with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), explore the underlying pathological basis, and develop a morphology-based model for dMMR prediction.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective analysis included 397 patients with LAGC treated at three institutions between January 2016 and January 2022. Mismatch repair (MMR) status was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of postoperative specimens.

Enhancing thyroid nodule malignancy prediction: integrating photoacoustic imaging-derived SO2 with clinical and ultrasound data.

Background: Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has shown promise in diagnosing thyroid nodules. However, current methods rely on subjective visual assessments, lacking quantitative precision.

Purpose: This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of PAI in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules.

Four-step formula for the Siewert classification of adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction: a computed tomography-based quantitative model.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a novel quantitative methodology to classify the Siewert type on multiplanar reconstructed (MPR) computed tomography (CT) and subsequently guide the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction.

Methods: Patients in the retrospective development and prospective validation cohort 1 were recruited from Peking University Cancer Hospital. Patients in prospective validation cohort 2 were recruited from Changzhi People's Hospital.

The Glycosylation Status of Small Molecules Impacts Different Aspects of Plant Immunity.

Plants, as sessile organisms, are constantly exposed to biotic stresses and have evolved intricate defense mechanisms to survive. Small molecules, including hormones, novel signaling compounds, and secondary metabolites, play pivotal roles in plant immunity. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and family 1 glycoside hydrolases (GH1 β-glycosidases) are key enzymes that regulate the glycosylation and deglycosylation of these small molecules.

Safety and efficacy of indocyanine green-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer: The CLASS-11 clinical trials.

We report the short-term results of indocyanine green (ICG)-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer (GC). The primary outcome is 3-year disease-free survival. In this analysis, we present short-term secondary outcomes focused on the number of lymph nodes (LNs) retrieved and the diagnostic value of fluorescent status for metastatic LNs, excluding long-term outcomes.

Microbial denitrification responses to elevated CO in lake-shore sediments under different flooding conditions.

The lake-shore zone is a critical site for recognizing the ecological impacts of global climate change, such as persistent elevated CO (eCO). However, the direct effect of eCO on functional microorganisms in lake-shore sediments is neglected or confused at previous studies. In this study, the short-term direct effects of eCO on microbial denitrification in lake-shore sediments were investigated by simulating four flooding conditions (non-flooding (NF), intermittent flooding (IF), alternating high and low water-level flooding (HLF), and constant water-level flooding (WF)) through incubation experiments in the laboratory.

Identification of Online Health Information Using Large Pretrained Language Models: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Online health information is widely available, but a substantial portion of it is inaccurate or misleading, including exaggerated, incomplete, or unverified claims. Such misinformation can significantly influence public health decisions and pose serious challenges to health care systems. With advances in artificial intelligence and natural language processing, pretrained large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in identifying and distinguishing misleading health information, although their effectiveness in this area remains underexplored.

Comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic reveals different destinies of melanocytes and dynamic changes of immune microenvironment in a psychological stress-induced leukoderma and leukotrichia mouse model.

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired skin depigmentation disorder often accompanied by leukoderma and leukotrichia. Half of vitiligo patients experience episodes of stress.

Methods: We established a chronic unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS) model in C57BL/6 J mice to simulate chronic mental stress-induced leukoderma and leukotrichia.

HA380 Hemoperfusion Combined with Continuous Veno-Venous Hemodiafiltration for the Treatment of Septic Shock.

Objective: To explore the synergistic effect of HA380 hemoperfusion adsorbent combined with continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in the treatment of septic shock.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included 56 adult septic shock patients who underwent blood purification treatment in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) of Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 1 September 2022 to 1 April 2024. Twenty patients received a combination therapy of HA380 hemoperfusion and CVVHDF, while 36 patients received only CVVHDF treatment.