Reversible increased basement membrane permeability and calcium ion redistribution facilitate ultrasound-enhanced transdermal drug delivery efficiency.

Background: Ultrasound-assisted transdermal drug delivery, or sonophoresis, enhances skin permeability, offering a non-invasive alternative for drug administration. However, its clinical application remains limited because of an insufficient understanding of its underlying mechanisms and optimal parameters. This study investigates the factors influencing ultrasound-enhanced drug absorption and examines its biological effects on skin structures and HaCaT cells, providing a comprehensive analysis of its mechanisms.

Association between paramyosin and the heat-induced toughening of adductor muscle in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas).

Background: The phenomenon of increased toughness of adductor muscle of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) during heat treatment considerably impacts their palatability. Thus, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the relationship between the adductor muscle proteins and observed toughness.

Results: During heat treatment with boiling, the smooth muscle exhibited greater difficulty in detaching from the shell compared to the striated muscle, indicating more pronounced toughness.

Coupled extracellular and intracellular electron transfer chains in methanogens: Mechanisms, energy conservation, and application potential.

Syntrophic interaction between acetogens and methanogens is the key to address thermodynamic challenges in anaerobic digestion (AD), the strengthening of which can benefit microbial energy production and their application in environmental remediation. Metabolic activities occurring during the syntrophic interactions primarily involve extracellular to intracellular electron transfers, facilitating the optimum exchange and utilization of energy. This occurs extracellularly through mediated interspecies electron transfer (MIET) and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), while in methanogens, electron transport phosphorylation (ETP) as a membrane-based process and flavin-based electron bifurcation (FBEB) for intracellular electron transfer are the main pathways.

Association between alopecia areata and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disorder causing patchy hair loss. Epidemiological observations and molecular studies collectively suggest an underrecognized interplay between AA and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship between them remains controversial and requires further investigation.

Inhibitory effect of SMAD2 on myogenesis in heat-stressed Hu sheep myoblasts.

Heat stress can cause muscle damage and affect myogenesis. Myogenesis is a complicated process modulated by numerous genes. While SMAD2 has been implicated in various biological processes, its specific role in the myogenesis of heat-stressed Hu sheep myoblasts remains unclear.

Unveiling ammonia-induced cell death: a new frontier in clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most aggressive renal carcinoma subtype of renal carcinoma, characterized by high mortality, early metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Ammonia-induced cell death (AICD) has recently been identified as a novel metabolic mechanism influencing tumor progression, yet its prognostic implication and regulatory networks in KIRC remain underexplored.

Methods: Transcriptomic and clinical information from the TCGA-KIRC cohort and the validation cohort (E-MTAB-1980) were analyzed.

Induction immunochemotherapy followed by definitive chemoradiotherapy and consolidation immunotherapy for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study.

Background: For unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the standard regimen is definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by consolidation immunotherapy. We investigated whether incorporating induction immunochemotherapy enhances the efficacy.

Materials And Methods: From June 2018 to December 2022, 294 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC were included, who did (162, I-CRT-I group) or did not (132, CRT-I group) receive induction immunochemotherapy, followed by definitive CRT and consolidation immunotherapy.

Nitric oxide induces apoptosis of human primary melanocytes by regulating calcium homeostasis via VDAC1.

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease that originates from damage and loss of melanocytes (MCs). Studies have identified abnormal nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in vitiligo patients, but the mechanisms by which NO contributes to MC loss remain unclear. Skin samples from patients with vitiligo and healthy controls were collected to evaluate the expression of three nitric oxide synthases (NOS) isoforms.

+ fibroadipogenic progenitors in muscle are crucial for bone fracture repair.

Clinically, compromised fracture healing often occurs at sites with less muscle coverage and muscle flaps can provide the necessary healing environment for appropriate healing in severe bone loss. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we established a mouse reporter model for studying muscle cell contribution to bone fracture repair.

Chain-section engineering enables electron delocalization for efficient photocatalytic HO synthesis in D-glucuronolactone-derived polymers.

The all-carbon chain polymer, synthesized Schiff-base reaction of biomass-derived monomers, enhances electron delocalization/mobility, achieving 3453 μmol g h HO yield. It reveals *OOH formation imine-quinone/hydroxyl synergy, guiding the design of low-cost biomass catalysts for green HO production.

Tumor-secreted RGS17 impairs CD8 + T cell function in lung adenocarcinoma through affecting glucose metabolism mediated by PI3K/AKT pathway.

Background: The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its impact on the prognoses and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) represent a major focus of research in this field. The present study primarily elucidates the role of RGS17 in TIME of LUAD.

Methods: A comprehensive array of analytical methods was employed to assess the gene expression levels, including RT-qPCR, Western blots assay and Immunohistochemistry.

A Comparative Analysis Dissecting the Immune Landscape of Vitiligo and Melanoma from a single-cell Perspective: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Background: Vitiligo and melanoma, while sharing overlapping immune responses and cellular environments, represent distinct dermatological conditions. A comprehensive comparison of the immune microenvironments in vitiligo and melanoma through detailed single-cell analysis has not yet been thoroughly defined.

Methods: Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were obtained from healthy controls, vitiligo and melanoma patients.

Bearing fault diagnosis for variable operating conditions based on KAN convolution and dual branch fusion attention.

This paper proposes a bearing fault diagnosis method based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Convolutional Network: Adaptive Context-aware Graph Channel Attention with Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (KANConv-ACGCA-SENet). Firstly, a new structure of KANs is applied to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for replacing traditional linear convolutional kernels. Secondly, a dual-branch fusion attention module, comprising the ACGCA modules, is proposed for use in learning fault features.

Lysosome-Featured Cell Aggregate-Released Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Iron Homeostasis and Alleviate Post-Irradiation Endothelial Ferroptosis for Mandibular Regeneration.

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death driven by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, is implicated in various diseases, but effective therapeutic strategies remain limited. Lysosomal impairments cause iron dysregulation and initiate ferroptosis, which potentially contribute to ionizing radiation-induced tissue damages. Here, the role of intercellular lysosomal regulation in governing iron homeostasis and protecting against ferroptosis is investigated in models of stem cell aggregation and mandibular regeneration post-irradiation.

Combined supplementation with probiotics and enzymes regulates the performance and microbiota of goats.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of B. subtilis C-3102, B. licheniformis SF5-1, and enzyme supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, and rumen microbiota of fattening goats.

Prg4+ fibro-adipogenic progenitors in muscle are crucial for bone fracture repair.

Unlabelled: Clinically, compromised fracture healing often occurs at sites with less muscle coverage and muscle flaps can provide the necessary healing environment for appropriate healing in severe bone loss. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we established a mouse reporter model for studying muscle cell contribution to bone fracture repair.

Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Sweet Pepper () Based on Agronomic Traits Using PepperSNP50K.

As one of the most important vegetables globally, peppers have garnered significant attention from breeders due to their diverse agronomic traits, including plant type, leaf shape, and maturity. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits is crucial for systematic advancements in sweet pepper breeding. In this study, leveraging the PepperSNP50K liquid breeding chip, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of horticultural traits and genetic diversity using sweet pepper germplasm samples.

Fusobacterium nucleatum enhances cholesterol biosynthesis in colorectal cancer via miR-130a-3p-mediated AMPK inhibition, a process counteracted by butyrate.

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been implicated in various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This study elucidates Fn's contribution to cholesterol synthesis and the underlying link with CRC, as well as butyrate's counteracting effects in this process. Cells and mouse models were treated with Fn followed/accompanied by butyrate treatments to investigate the interplay between butyrate and Fn's oncogenic properties.

The impact of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in combination with non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontal clinical parameters and salivary and subgingival microbiota composition in individuals with stage III-IV periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The clinical and microbiological outcomes of probiotic-assisted periodontal therapy remain inconclusive in prior research. This ambiguity may stem from uncertainties regarding the duration, dosage, and administration route of probiotics. Additionally, earlier studies predominantly concentrated on the identification of individual bacterial species, thereby limiting the ability to thoroughly elucidate the intricate composition of microbial communities and the synergistic or antagonistic interactions among their constituents.

Comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic reveals different destinies of melanocytes and dynamic changes of immune microenvironment in a psychological stress-induced leukoderma and leukotrichia mouse model.

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired skin depigmentation disorder often accompanied by leukoderma and leukotrichia. Half of vitiligo patients experience episodes of stress.

Methods: We established a chronic unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS) model in C57BL/6 J mice to simulate chronic mental stress-induced leukoderma and leukotrichia.

Dosimetric superiority of deep inspiration breath hold-proton beam therapy for cardiac metastasis.

The purpose of this case report is to compare the dosimetric disparities between photon radiotherapy and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) with or without deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) for cardiac tumors. We present a case involving a 66-year-old female with cardiac metastasis from thymic carcinoma. A total dose of 50Gy/50Gy in 25 fractions was administered to the cardiac metastases.

Is screw position a greater contributor to adjacent segment disease than plate-to-disc distance following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?

Background: To investigate the risk factors for radiographic adjacent segment disease (RASD), with a focus on the impact of screw position, following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plate fixation (ACDF-P).

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis on 126 patients who underwent ACDF-P for degenerative cervical spinal disease, evaluating various factors such as demographics, cervical sagittal parameters, the number of fused segments, sagittal screw angle, plate to disc distance (PDD), and screw position score (SPS). Based on MRI findings, we classified patients into ASD and Non-ASD groups.

Bone marrow adipogenic lineage precursors are the major regulator of bone resorption in adult mice.

Bone resorption by osteoclasts is a critical step in bone remodeling, a process important for maintaining bone homeostasis and repairing injured bone. We previously identified a bone marrow mesenchymal subpopulation, marrow adipogenic lineage precursors (MALPs), and showed that its production of RANKL stimulates bone resorption in young mice using Adipoq-Cre. To exclude developmental defects and to investigate the role of MALPs-derived RANKL in adult bone, we generated inducible reporter mice (Adipoq-CreER Tomato) and RANKL deficient mice (Adipoq-CreER RANKLflox/flox, iCKO).

Chitosan hydrogel membrane embedded by metal-modified biochars for slow-release fertilizers.

Slow-release fertilizers show great promise for advancing agricultural sustainability by enhancing nutrient efficiency and mitigating environmental impacts. Herein, we propose an approach that embeds chitosan hydrogel membranes with metal-modified biochars to encapsulate N-P-K compound fertilizers, referred to as CS-MBC-SRFs. Our results demonstrate that CS-MBC-SRFs exhibit superior slow-release performance for N, P, and K compared to others (commercial NPK compound fertilizers, chitosan-coated, and biochar-embedded chitosan-coated fertilizers).

Toll-Like Receptor 7 Promotes Periodontal Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Resorption Through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Aim: To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in periodontitis and its potential mechanisms.

Methods: TLR7 expression in periodontal tissues was analyzed using GEO database single-cell sequencing data and confirmed with gingival samples from healthy individuals and periodontitis patients. In vivo, a mouse model of periodontitis was used to assess the effect of M5049, the TLR7's inhibitor, on alveolar bone loss and inflammation.