Antifungal action of β-pinene derivatives containing quaternary ammonium scaffold against Rhizoctonia solani with damaging cell membranes and affecting energy metabolism.

Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) is a phytopathogen that extensively affects crops, leading to plant diseases and reducing crop yields, which jeopardizes food security. β-pinene is a major component of turpentine oil and serves as a lead compound for developing new fungicides.

Insurance policy and cropping structure adjustment toward staple grains in China: implications for food system resilience and security.

Introduction: The ongoing decline in staple crop acreage and the accelerating trend of "non-grain" cultivation pose structural risks to China's food security. Agricultural insurance, beyond its traditional role in risk mitigation, may serve as a structural policy tool to influence farmers' planting decisions and guide cropping structures toward staple grains. However, empirical evidence on this guiding function remains limited.

Evolutionary Distribution Changes of Sichuan Golden Monkeys () in the Quaternary.

Retrospective reconstruction of animals' evolutionary development and geographic changes in recent history, as well as monitoring contemporary conservation status, are critical to amending existing conservation strategies. This study presents an innovative effort, as demonstrated by the Sichuan golden monkeys () in China. We studied their fossil distribution patterns during the Pleistocene, explored historical distribution changes over the last 400 years, and surveyed 27 nature reserves where they dwell.

Metabolomics Investigation of a Multi-Ingredient Supplements-Modulated Changes in Metabolism in Mice After Endurance Exercise.

Energy metabolism manipulation strategy, enhancing fat metabolism while reducing the dependence on glucose, is beneficial to improve exercise performance. The multi-ingredient supplements (MIS) mixed with valine, isoleucine, leucine, β-alanine, creatine, L-carnitine, quercetin, and betaine were found to be able to improve the endurance performance of mice, which was associated with a shift of energy substrates from glucose to fatty acids. Thus, we hypothesized that the MIS regulating lipid metabolism contributes to enhancing exercise endurance in mice.

(Polygonaceae: Persicarieae), a Distinct New Species From Xizang, Southwestern China.

, a distinctive new species discovered in Medog County, southeastern Xizang, China, is here described and illustrated. The generic placement of this species was validated through integrated morphological and palynological observations, as well as molecular phylogenetic analyses using three cpDNA markers (, , and ). Within , is most closely related to but differs significantly in growth habit, leaf shape, inflorescence structure, and achene micromorphology.

Kinetic and Homology Model Analysis of Diaminopimelate Decarboxylase from Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142: Unveiling A Key Enzyme in Lysine Biosynthesis.

Diaminopimelate decarboxylase (DAPDC), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the decarboxylation of diaminopimelate (DAP) to yield L-lysine, a key step in lysine biosynthesis. This study presents a preliminary characterization of DAPDC encoded by cce1351 gene in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 (CsDAPDC), focusing on its biochemical properties and model structure characteristics.

LAPTM4B as a key regulator in the copper-induced endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome interplay disorder in duck liver and the protective role of baicalin.

Background: Copper (Cu) is a pervasive environmental pollutant with significant hepatotoxic effects in animals. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interacts closely with lysosomes to maintain intracellular homeostasis. However, the role and mechanism of ER-lysosome crosstalk in Cu-induced liver injury in ducks remains unclear.

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on plant community in a typical peatland of the Greater Khingan Mountains, China.

To analyze the impacts of increased nutrient availability on plant community structure, we conducted a long-term field N and P addition experiment in a typical peatland in the north of Greater Khingan Mountain and investigated species dominance, community diversity, and aboveground biomass after four, six, and eight years of N (6 g N·m·a) and P (2 g P·m·a) addition. The results showed that P addition did not affect the dominances of deciduous shrub, evergreen shrub, sedge, grass, forb, moss, and lichen. However, N addition significantly increased the importance values and dominances of deciduous shrub and grass but reduced the importance values and dominances of moss and lichen.

Highly efficient prime editors for mammalian genome editing based on porcine retrovirus reverse transcriptase.

Prime editing is a versatile and precise genome-editing tool. Most prime editors (PEs) rely on reverse transcriptase (RT) derived from Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV). Here, we established a PE, pvPE, using a RT derived from a porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) from a Bama mini-pig.

Rapid Detection of Pesticide Residues in Leaf Vegetables by SERS Technology.

Organophosphate pesticides, fungicides, and neonicotinoid insecticides are frequently employed in the cultivation and production of leafy vegetables. The conventional detection methods for these pesticides rely on chromatographic techniques, which are characterized by good precision and sensitivity. Nevertheless, these methods suffer from drawbacks such as complex sample pretreatment, prolonged detection times, and high costs, hindering the realization of on-site detection.

Effects of Density on the Growth Performance of and the Soil Microbial Communities Within a Rice-Frog-Loach Integrated Aquaculture System.

This investigation examines the influence of density on the growth performance of . and the structural and functional dynamics of paddy soil microbial communities within a rice-frog-loach integrated aquaculture system. Field experiments were conducted with five density gradients of (0.

Variation in Microbiota and Chemical Components Within During Initial Wood Decay.

Deadwood is essential for the forest ecosystem productivity and stability. A growing body of evidence indicates that deadwood-inhabiting microbes are effective decomposition agents, yet little is known about how changes in microbial communities during the initial deadwood decay. In a small forest area, we performed dense sampling from the top, middle, and bottom portions of two representative cultivars logs to track deadwood xylem microbiota shift during the initial deadwood decay.

Double-Edged Sword: Urbanization and Response of Amniote Gut Microbiome in the Anthropocene.

Projections indicate that the global urban population is anticipated to reach 67.2% by 2050, accompanied by a threefold increase in urban built-up areas worldwide. Urbanization has profoundly transformed Earth's natural environment, notably characterized by the drastic reduction and fragmentation of wildlife habitats.

Transcriptomic Plasticity in the Small Hive Beetle () Under Heat Stress.

Global warming is increasing in severity, affecting insects across various biological species. This study investigated the heat resistance ability of the small hive beetle () by studying gene expression under heat stress and showed that exhibits strong heat resistance and transcriptomic plasticity under heat stress. RNA-seq analysis identified 547, 1127, and 866 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 38 °C, 42 °C, and 46 °C, respectively, compared to 25 °C.

Effects of Long-Term Dietary Inclusion of Citrus Pomace on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Status, and Colonic Microbiota in Tibetan Pigs.

This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of dietary inclusion of citrus pomace on growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant status, and colonic microbiota in Tibetan pigs in a 90-day feeding trial. Eighty Tibetan pigs (75-day-age, 16.62 ± 1.

m6A Methylation Modification: Perspectives on the Early Reproduction of Females.

This review examines the regulatory role of m6A methylation modification in embryo implantation, focusing specifically on its impact on uterine receptivity and decidualization. It offers a comprehensive examination of the essential theoretical research on m6A methylation, clarifying its molecular mechanisms and roles in uterine receptivity and decidualization. Furthermore, this review examined the effects of m6A methylation on endometrial-related diseases and early embryonic development.

Integrating serotyping, MLST, and phenotypic data: decoding the evolutionary drivers of pathogenicity and drug resistance.

Global surveillance of reveals dynamic evolutionary forces shaping pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), yet the integration of serotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and phenotypic landscapes remains unexplored. Here, we dissect 935 isolates, collected from both clinical and food chain sources, through integrated genomics and phenomics to resolve population structure, spatiotemporal dynamics, and evolutionary drivers. (18.

Pathogenicity difference analysis of novel duck reovirus NY01 between in semi-muscovy duck and shelduck.

Recently, the waterfowl industry of China has suffered significant economic losses due to the novel duck reovirus (NDRV), an emerging pathogen. Its characteristic pathological manifestations include marked splenomegaly with diffuse hemorrhagic necrosis, multi-organ congestion, and parenchymal cell degeneration. Clinically recovered ducks frequently exhibit persistent growth retardation syndrome.

CYLD suppresses infectious Bursal disease virus replication by deubiquitinating VP1.

Cylindromatosis (CYLD), a deubiquitinase (DUB), removes K63-linked ubiquitin chains from idiosyncratic zymolytes, negatively regulating multifarious signaling channels, including NF-κ B, which is implicated in various cancers. Recently, the role of CYLD in antiviral immunity has gained attention, but its involvement in infectious Bursal diseases virus (IBDV) infection remains unclear. By coimmunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry analysis, we identified CYLD as a DUB bound to IBDV VP1.

Grid-Based Path Planning of Agricultural Robots Driven by Multi-Strategy Collaborative Evolution Honey Badger Algorithm.

To address the limitations of mobile robots in path planning within farmland-specific environments, this paper proposes a biomimetic model: Multi-strategy Collaborative Evolution Honey Badger Algorithm (MCEHBA), MCEHBA achieves improvements through the following strategies: firstly, integrating a sinusoidal function-based nonlinear convergence factor to dynamically balance global exploration and local exploitation; secondly, combining the differential evolution strategy to enhance population diversity, and utilizing gravity-centred opposition-based learning to improve solution space search efficiency; finally, constructing good point set initialization and decentralized boundary constraint handling strategy to further increase convergence accuracy and speed. This paper validates the effectiveness of the optimization strategy and the performance of MCEHBA through the CEC2017 benchmark function set, and assesses the statistical significance of the results using the Friedman test and Nemenyi test. The findings demonstrate that MCEHBA exhibits excellent optimization capabilities.

AMPK-ULK1-Mediated Ferritinophagy Drives Ferroptosis in GLA-Induced Testicular Toxicity.

The health problem of infertility has garnered increasing attention, prompting a deeper understanding of its causes. The broad-spectrum and nonselective herbicide glufosinate ammonium (GLA) is widely used in many countries. Previous studies have demonstrated the reproductive toxicity of GLA, but its potential toxic mechanisms remain unclear.

Four new species of subgenus (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from subtropical regions of China.

is a large genus in Agaricales, exhibiting rich species diversity and a wide distribution. In this study, four new species of Marasmius belonging to the subgenus Globulares were identified in subtropical regions of China. Morphologically, is characterized by a light orange pileus, with a non-striate surface, medium-sized basidiospores, and subfusiform to narrowly utriform pleurocystidia; is identified by a brown pileus, variably shaped pleurocystidia, and absence of cheilocystidia; is identified by large basidiospores, which are up to 16.

The role of forestland size on rural household's forest management efficiency.

In the context of the global challenge of sustainable resource management and rapid urbanization in China, the scarcity of forestland resources presents a critical barrier to improving forestland management efficiency (FME) for rural households. The present study aims to explore the constraints of the small-size agricultural sector by assessing the relationship between forestland management size (FMS) and efficiency. The survey data is applied from the 505 rural households in Jiangxi Province, China from 2017 to 2018.

Parameter optimization of key components in seed-metering device for pre-cut seed stems of Pennisetum hydridum.

To address the issues of missed seeding and seed stem jamming-factors that contribute to unstable performance in Pennisetum hydridum planting device, this study optimize the key components of the pre-cut stem planting device and evaluated its operational performance, thereby improving planting quality. Based on the results of preliminary experiments and discrete element method (DEM) simulation analysis, the critical components of the seed-metering device and their key influencing parameters were identified. Single-factor experiments were conducted to determine the appropriate parameter range.

The role of cooperative membership in promoting agricultural green production technologies among rice farmers in rural China.

Adopting agricultural green production technologies (AGPTs) is crucial for enhancing agricultural sustainability. This study draws on data from 1281 rice farmers in Jiangxi Province, China, surveyed in 2023. Using multivariate ordered probit models and mediated effects models, it examines whether cooperative membership affects the utilization of AGPTs.