The utilization of non-human primates in the investigation of autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors, presents significant therapeutic challenges due to its multifactorial etiology, clinical heterogeneity, and frequent comorbidities. To address these complexities, animal models have become indispensable tools for unraveling ASD pathogenesis and evaluating potential interventions. This review synthesizes recent advances across three pivotal research domains-neuroimaging biomarkers, metabolic dysregulation, and etiological mechanisms-while providing a critical evaluation of animal models, including rodent and non-human primate (NHP) paradigms developed through pharmacological induction, spontaneous mutations, and CRISPR-based gene editing.

Properties of CO Micro-Nanobubbles and Their Significant Applications in Sustainable Development.

As an important part of global carbon neutrality strategies, carbon dioxide (CO) capture, utilization, and storage technologies have emerged as critical solutions for reducing carbon emissions. However, conventional CO applications, including food preservation, industrial synthesis, and enhanced oil recovery, face inherent limitations such as suboptimal gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and inadequate long-term stability. Recent advancements in CO micro-nanobubbles (CO MNBs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across multidisciplinary domains, owing to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics encompassing elevated internal pressure, augmented specific surface area, exceptional stability, etc.

Effectiveness and satisfaction of fully self-service fundus disease screening among middle-aged individuals: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To investigate the imaging quality, efficiency and satisfaction of fully self-service fundus photography compared with traditional fundus photography performed by experienced operators among middle-aged individuals.

Methods: Participants aged 45-64 in the community of Shanghai were included, and eye disease screenings were carried out after obtaining informed consent. All participants had no cataracts or other conditions that could potentially compromise the quality of fundus imaging.

Epitranscriptomic mechanisms and implications of RNA mC modification in cancer.

Cancer is an extremely complex disease characterized by abnormal cell growth due to genetic and environmental factors. With the rise of the field of epigenetic transcriptomics, 5-methylcytidine (mC) modification has been identified as one of the most common chemical modifications occurring in various RNA types. The writers, erasers, and readers of mC modification regulate cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic responses, such as the proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, immune escape, and therapeutic resistance of tumour cells, by regulating RNA stability, translation, nuclear export, and splicing processes.

Triggering Lattice Oxygen Release for Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Array Synthesis.

Lattice oxygen in metal oxides offers potential pathways for advanced catalyst design, including catalysts for the selective growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs). In this study, an increase of lattice-oxygen release flux up to 10 is achieved via a lattice oxygen triggering (LOT) strategy for oxide catalysts. The LOT strategy is experimentally realized by ion implantation of titanium (Ti) and iron (Fe) elements into the sapphire substrate, followed by an annealing process for Ti migration onto the surface and Fe stable substitution in the sapphire lattice.

Unveiling the Functional Efficacy: A Guanidine-Based Organic Framework for Adsorption of Iodine, Organic Dyes, and Fabrication of a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Benzene Hydroxylation.

Heteroatom-rich ionic porous organic polymers have emerged as fascinating materials for diverse applications. In the search for a single platform capable of performing multiple functions, we explored a guanidinium-based ionic porous organic polymer as a dynamic platform for adsorption of multiple toxic contaminants, metal ion impregnation, high-temperature carbonization, and consequent application in heterogeneous catalysis. The material showed a significant iodine uptake capacity of 3.

Highly regio- and diastereoselective construction of spirocyclic compounds palladium-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of vinyl methylene cyclic carbonates with pyrrolidinones.

A palladium-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of vinyl methylene cyclic carbonates with pyrrolidinones was developed. This protocol demonstrates remarkable versatility, enabling the facile construction of diverse [5,5]-spirolactam scaffolds in excellent yields with outstanding diastereoselectivity. The synthetic utility of this protocol was further demonstrated through productive transformations of the resulting spirolactam products, highlighting their potential as valuable intermediates for complex molecule synthesis.

Analysis of the current status of genetic diversity in Liaoning Huoyan goose based on microsatellite markers.

In this study, microsatellite loci in geese were initially screened, after which a multiplex PCR system was constructed and the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 40 samples from each of the three Huoyan goose populations in Liaoning were analyzed using the STR typing test. The results showed that 12 microsatellite loci were screened, and one quadruple PCR system, two triple PCR systems and one double PCR system were constructed with consistent and reliable reproducibility. A total of 90 alleles were detected in 120 samples, the number of alleles(Na), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content(PIC) of the three populations ranged from 5.

Spatial transcriptomic analysis across histological subtypes reveals molecular heterogeneity and prognostic markers in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The progression and prognosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma are closely associated with histologic subtypes, yet the presence of mixed histologic patterns often complicates prognostic assessment. Currently, the correlation between molecular and histologic features remains poorly understood.

Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were collected from patients with primary early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, encompassing three histologic subtypes: well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated.

Altered brain structure age gap estimation in major depressive disorder patients with and without anhedonia: a machine learning-based study.

Previous studies have found that major depressive disorder (MDD) may accelerate overall structural brain aging. Nevertheless, it still remains unknown whether anhedonia, a critical negative prognostic indicator in MDD, further leads to advanced brain aging in specific regions. A total of 31 MDD with anhedonia (MDD-WA), 41 MDD without anhedonia (MDD-WoA), and 43 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study.

Investigating the Trichosanthis Pericarpium - Trichosanthis Radix herbal pair's role in alleviating COPD through gut microbiota function, metabolomics analysis and cell validation experiment.

The herbal pair of Trichosanthis Pericarpium - Trichosanthis Radix (TP-TR) is derived from the classic prescription Bei-Mu-Gua-Lou-San in Yixue Xinwu, which is commonly used to treat lung heat and cough. Both originate from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, a medicinal plant known for its effects to clear heat, dissolve phlegm, promote salivation, and relieve dryness. However, the compatibility, pharmacological synergy and gut-lung axis regulation mechanisms of TP-TR remain unclear.

Luminescence Turn-on of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers Triggered by Norfloxacin for Visual Detection and Anti-Counterfeiting.

Norfloxacin (NOR) has raised growing concerns over food safety and environmental sustainability due to its persistence and bioaccumulation. The luminescence turn-on effect induced by NOR offers a promising approach for the development of advanced sensing platform and anticounterfeiting platform. In this work, two novel one-dimensional chain-like lanthanide coordination polymers, and , were successfully synthesized through a facile one-step hydrothermal approach.

Synthesis of α-CF-Substituted O-Heterocycles via Ligand-Controlled Cycloaddition of ()-β-Trifluoromethylated Enones with π-Allylpalladium 1,4-Dipoles.

Palladium-catalyzed and ligand-controlled cycloaddition of ()-β-trifluoromethylated enones has been described, providing powerful synthetic strategies for two α-CF-substituted O-heterocycles, tetrahydro-2-pyrans and 5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptanes. The readily available substrates bearing various functional groups have shown variable product chemoselectivities.

Control strategies for rice "straighthead" through physicochemical and biological methods on arsenic transformation and transportation.

Straighthead is a widespread physiological disease affecting rice, characterized by sterile florets and distorted palea and lemma, which can reduce grain yield by up to 100%. In recent decades, arsenic (As) has emerged as a focal point in straighthead research. This paper elucidates the relationship between As toxicity and straighthead while reviewing preventive measures, including water and fertilizer management and the application of resistant cultivars.

Graphene-Inspired Mono-Elemental 2D Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications of Xenes.

Xenes, a class of mono-elemental two-dimensional (2D) materials, have emerged as promising candidate materials for next-generation electronic and energy devices due to their unique structural and electronic properties. This review first systematically categorizes the eighteen experimentally realized Xenes into Group III-VI and other group categories, summarizing their synthesis routes, ranging from top-down exfoliation to bottom-up methods. Based on density functional theory (DFT), this paper focuses on theoretical predictions of stable phases and substrate interactions, which guide experimental preparation.

Indole-3-acetic acid-mediated root exudates as potential inhibitors of antibiotic resistance genes in the rhizosphere microbiome: Mechanistic insights into microbial community assembly and resistome dissemination.

Although the threat of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agriculture to human health has raised concerns, there is still a lack of effective and environmentally friendly measures to mitigate antibiotic resistance. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and root exudates are environmentally friendly natural substances. However, the development of technologies harnessing their potential to suppress agricultural ARGs remains unexplored.

Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic and lipidomic profiling stratifies stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Aims: Diabetic retinopathy is a metabolic complication of diabetes. This study aimed to elucidate metabolic and lipidomic alterations associated with diabetic retinopathy progression and identify biomarkers for its diagnosis and staging.

Methods: We analyzed serum profiles of 962 molecules, including 653 lipids and 309 polar small metabolites, from 167 individuals: 45 without retinopathy, 69 with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy of varying severity, and 53 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Elaborating PFAS characteristics for Chinese electroplating industry by target and nontarget analysis.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been extensively used in the electroplating globally, yet the source characterization remains inadequately quantified. This study provides a high-resolution characterization of PFAS for the Chinese electroplating industry by combining target and nontarget analysis of samples, including chrome mist suppressants, plating bath solutions, wastewater, and sludge. A total of 91 PFAS homologues, spanning 14 classes, were identified by nontarget analysis.

Initial I physicochemical composition ratios during the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident and impact of I re-emission process from surface deposition on air concentrations: three-dimensional atmospheric dispersion simulation approach.

This study validated previously reported initial physicochemical composition ratios of I plumes released during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident using three-dimensional atmospheric dispersion simulations performed with a chemical transport model (CTM). Using these reported ratios, we simulated air concentrations of organic gas, inorganic gas, and particulate forms of I and compared the relative abundance of gaseous and particulate forms with observational data collected in Ibaraki prefecture, a neighboring region of Fukushima prefecture. Simulations were generally consistent with observations, demonstrating significantly improved agreement with observations for releases occurring around midnight on March 15.

Generation of the induced pluripotent stem cell line SJTUGHi004-A derived from a Best's disease patient with c.763C > T mutation in BEST1 gene.

Best's disease (BD), referred to as Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, is an autosomal dominant macular degeneration caused by mutations in the BESTROPHIN1 (BEST1) gene. Here, we generated an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line by the non-integrative Sendai-virus delivery system derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a patient with c.763C > T mutation in the BEST1 gene.

Flavonols interrupt internalized bacteria hijacking cellular responses via suppressing oxidative stress induced cellular apoptotic death.

Internalized bacteria evolve multiple means to hijack cellular responses and survive in epithelial cells for causing persistent infections. Conventional antibiotics targeting bacteria alone often fall short in eradicating such infections, prompting the exploration of host-directed therapies as promising alternatives. Nevertheless, the potential molecular targets of these host-directed interventions remain unclear.

Evaluation of tree leaf properties for potential biogas production.

Tree leaves constitute a significant portion of municipal biowaste. One of the most effective ways to utilize them is as a substrate for biogas production. While studies on the anaerobic digestion of leaves exist, they typically focus on single species, with limited physical and chemical analyses.

Defect-engineered cerium-based metal-organic frameworks via dynamic ligand competition: increasing coordinatively unsaturated sites for enhanced phosphate adsorption.

Phosphorus pollution triggers eutrophication of water bodies, threatening aquatic ecosystems and human health, highlighting the urgent need for efficient phosphorus removal materials. Herein, a propionic acid (PA)-mediated 'dynamic ligand competition-defect evolution' strategy is adopted to overcome the critical limitation of low coordinatively unsaturated metal sites density in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In this study, a new cerium-based MOF (Ce-ATA-PA) was prepared using this strategy.

A Green Carbon-Based Cellulose Formate Film Bioplastic with High Wet Strength, Excellent Heat Sealability, and Recyclability Fabricated Under Ambient Conditions.

Cellulose-based bioplastics have great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics due to their renewability and biodegradability. However, developing cellulose-based bioplastics still faces significant challenges due to their low water resistance and lack of heat sealability. Herein, a robust and water-resistant cellulose formate film (CFF) bioplastic is prepared via LiBr hydrate pretreatment followed by formic acid esterification under ambient conditions.