Bioisosterism-driven design of orally active, safe, and broad-spectrum biphenyl-DAPY derivatives as highly potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

This study aimed to identify ideal pharmaceutical candidates featuring strong anti-HIV-1 activity and desirable drug-like characteristics. Our endeavor involved the implementation of a bioisosterism strategy, leading to the discovery of an assemblage of halogen-containing biphenyl-diarylpyrimidines as potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Notably, compound demonstrated exceptional efficacy against both WT HIV-1 (EC = 1.

Cathode Design via Iron-Coordinated Covalent Organic Frameworks Facilitating Four-Electron Transfer to Achieve High-Capacity Aqueous zinc-iodine Batteries.

The variable valence states of iodine(I) render Zn-I batteries an intriguing area of research. However, current Zn-I batteries are mostly based on I/I redox chemistry. Effective strategies for activating the high-voltage I/I redox couple in iodine-based cathode materials remain relatively scarce.

Probing stress and magnetism at high pressures with two-dimensional quantum sensors.

Pressure serves as a fundamental tuning parameter capable of drastically modifying all properties of matter. The advent of diamond anvil cells (DACs) has enabled a compact and tabletop platform for generating extreme pressure conditions in laboratory settings. However, the limited spatial dimensions and ultrahigh pressures within these environments present significant challenges for conventional spectroscopy techniques.

Prognostic and immune microenvironment analysis of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in human pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Emerging evidence implicates cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumor progression, though their roles in pancreatic cancer remain unexplored. To identify cuproptosis-linked lncRNAs in pancreatic cancer, RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were evaluated.

Genomic and transcriptomic data reveal molecular differences between homologous recombination deficiency subgroups in Chinese ovarian cancer patients.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OV) has the highest mortality rate among gynecological cancers and shows varied responses to chemotherapy combined with PARP inhibitors based on homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) subtypes.

Methods: This study enrolled 143 Chinese OV patients to determine the HRD score grouping threshold using genomic features, dividing patients into HRD-high and HRD-low groups. Multi-omics sequencing was conducted on 70 patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with PARP inhibitors.

In vitro assessment of dermal penetration and skin barrier impairment by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from consumer products.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of synthetic organic compounds that are extensively utilized in consumer products, including cosmetics, personal care products, and textiles. PFASs pose significant risks to both ecological systems and human health, leading to calls for their comprehensive restriction. Skin exposure constitutes one of the pathways through which PFASs enter the human body.

Aptamer-based targeted drug delivery and disease therapy in preclinical and clinical applications.

The advent of precision medicine has created an urgent need for advanced drug-targeting strategies and refined drug delivery systems. Aptamers, characterized by their exceptional affinity and specificity, low molecular weight, negligible immunogenicity, remarkable stability, cost-effectiveness, and structural versatility, are emerging as promising candidates in targeted therapeutics, both in preclinical research and clinical applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in aptamer-based therapeutic strategies, encompassing three key application domains: direct therapeutic agents, targeted ligand engineering, and controlled drug release.

Giant coercivity and enhanced intrinsic anomalous Hall effect at vanishing magnetization in a compensated kagome ferrimagnet.

Ferrimagnets that can be driven to magnetic compensation show promise for use in spintronics as they exhibit a finite anomalous Hall effect at zero magnetic field without having a substantial magnetic moment. Compensated ferrimagnet spintronic devices with both a large anomalous Hall effect and a high coercivity would be simultaneously easy to read and difficult to erase. The kagome ferrimagnet TbMnSn has been reported to host a large intrinsic anomalous Hall effect.

Cooperative Interactions Between Bacillus and Lysobacter Enhance Consortium Stability and Fusarium Wilt Suppression in Cucumber.

The rhizosphere microbiome plays a pivotal role in plant health by mediating interactions between hosts, beneficial microbes, and pathogens. However, the ecological mechanisms underlying microbial consortia that suppress soil-borne diseases remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated how the biocontrol bacterium Bacillus velezensis SQR9 influences the assembly of the cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community in the presence of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.

Influence of Pre-Vaccination HPV Status on Vaccine Effectiveness Among Chinese Women: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been available in China for only 8 years, and routine HPV testing is not recommended prior to vaccination. Therefore, evaluation of HPV vaccine effectiveness and the impact of pre-vaccination HPV infection status on vaccine protective effect in Chinese women is warranted.

Methods: From June 2022 to June 2023, women aged 18 to 50 years without a history of cervical or uterine excision were recruited from three medical institutions.

Protocol for dorsal ovariectomy and elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in rats.

Women have increased abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth rates and a higher rupture risk, yet hormonal effects remain unclear. We present a protocol combining dorsal ovariectomy with elastase-induced AAA formation in female rats. We describe bilateral dorsal ovariectomy, a 42-day hormone depletion period, and ventral elastase infusion for AAA induction.

Adipocyte-selective mRNA lipid nanoparticles for cell programming with machine learning analysis.

Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and endocrine signaling. White adipose tissue (WAT), in particular, is a compelling target for therapeutic interventions in metabolic diseases due to its secretory capacity and abundance. Gene therapies hold promise for reprogramming adipocytes to enhance energy metabolism and facilitate the secretion of therapeutic proteins.

An artificial intelligence cloud platform for OCT-based retinal anomalies screening system in real clinical environments.

Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from retinal anomalies, which can lead to irreversible vision loss. However, the number of ophthalmologists is highly mismatched with the population base in China, especially in many rural and underdeveloped towns. To tackle these challenges, this paper developed an Artificial Intelligence Cloud Platform for OCT-based Retinal Anomalies Screening (AI-PORAS), which is capable of detecting 15 retinal anomalies in OCT images to enhance remote diagnostic efficiency.

Galloylated liposomes enable targeted drug delivery by overcoming protein corona shielding.

Ligand-targeted nanomedicines provide precise delivery, enhance drug accumulation, and reduce side effects, but their clinical translation is hindered by challenges like protein corona formation, which can mask targeting ligands and impair functionality, and complex manufacturing processes. Here we develop galloylated liposomes (GA-lipo) by incorporating gallic acid-modified lipids into lipid bilayers, enabling the stable and controlled adsorption of targeting ligands through non-covalent physical interactions. This approach preserves ligand orientation and functionality, ensuring that binding sites remain exposed even in the presence of a protein corona.

Nanoscopic Titanium Dioxide Overlayers Improve the Durability of Porphyrin Molecular Electrocatalysts while Maintaining Molecular Structure and Redox Activity.

Molecular catalysts, such as metalated porphyrins, are attractive cocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting owing to their potential to simultaneously catalyze target reactions at their metal center, extend charge-separated-state lifetimes, and accumulate the requisite charge for product formation. However, porphyrin catalysts, like most molecular catalysts, are often limited by poor stability associated with demetalation, inactivation by undesired bonding (e.g.

Recent Development of Boron-Containing Small-Molecule Anticancer Agents.

Small-molecule anticancer agents containing boron have attracted growing attention due to their unique chemical properties and promising anticancer activities. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in developing boron-based small-molecule agents, highlighting their molecular structures, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications. Specifically, it covers key categories such as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents, boron-based enzyme inhibitors, novel benzoxaborole derivatives, and boron-based reactive oxygen species (ROS)-targeting agents.

Efficacy of Transgenic Maize LD05 Against Fall Armyworm ().

The fall armyworm ( (J.E. Smith)), which invaded China in 2018, has caused severe corn yield losses and increased pesticide application frequency.

Recombinant Human Annexin A5 Ameliorates Localized Scleroderma by Inhibiting the Activation of Fibroblasts and Macrophages.

: Localized scleroderma (LoS) is a chronic autoimmune condition marked by cutaneous fibrosis and persistent inflammation. Modulating the activation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts remains a central strategy in LoS treatment. We investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of Annexin A5 (AnxA5), identified as a key inflammatory component in fat extract, and assess its therapeutic efficacy.

A Deep Learning Framework for Multi-Object Tracking in Space Animal Behavior Studies.

In space environments, microgravity, high radiation, and weak magnetic fields induce behavioral alterations in animals, resulting in erratic movement patterns that complicate tracking. These challenges impede accurate behavioral analysis, especially in multi-object scenarios. To address this issue, this study proposes a deep learning-based multi-object tracking (MOT) framework specifically designed for space animals.

Identification of a novel POU4F3 frameshift variant in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant hearing loss.

Background: Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL) is characterised by highly clinical and genetic heterogeneity. A variant of POU4F3 is considered the pathogenic cause of ADNSHL, specifically designated as autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 15 (DFNA15). The aim of this study was to explore the genetic variants and molecular pathogenic mechanism for a Chinese pedigree with DFNA15.

Acetic Acid Synergizes With Calcium Chloride to Enhance Thermal Stability of Carrots: Mechanisms of Pectin Cross-Linking and Cell Wall Reinforcement.

Thermal processing, an effective strategy for salt reduction and preservation, is prone to causing texture deterioration (softening) in processed fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have reported that exogenous calcium and organic acids can serve as texture enhancers for plant-based foods during cooking, mitigating texture damage from thermal treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 0.

Insulin resistance in school-age children: comparison surrogate diagnostic markers.

Background: This study aimed to identify surrogate markers suitable for evaluating insulin resistance in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Methods: Forty-nine reported surrogate markers of insulin resistance were selected, including 14 insulin-based markers and 35 non-insulin-based markers. The markers were analyzed in 800 children aged 7-12 years.

Foundation models in ophthalmology: a preliminary study on AI-assisted diagnosis of myopic maculopathy and posterior staphyloma using ultra-widefield fundus images.

Objectives: This study aims to detect characteristic fundus changes in pathological myopia using deep learning (DL)-based analysis of ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus imaging.

Methods: Following the exclusion of low-quality images, this cross-sectional study used 1105 UWF images from 543 patients with high myopia to develop the model, along with 293 images from 150 patients with high myopia for external testing. All images were retrospectively collected from patients with high myopia at Shanghai General Hospital and Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center between 2018 and 2024.

Anode-Electrolyte Interfacial Fluorine-Hydrogen Bonding Engineering for Boosted Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Small Organic Molecules.

Ions are essential components in the anode-electrolyte interfacial microenvironment that significantly influence both the activity and the pathway of electrocatalytic molecular oxidation reactions. Nevertheless, most anions are generally considered inhibitory on electrocatalytic molecular (such as alcohols and amines) oxidation reactions due to their specific adsorption at the inner Helmholtz layer, negatively impacting the electrocatalytic performance. In contrast, we have found herein that fluorine ion (F) at the outer Helmholtz layer is capable of largely elevating the electrocatalytic activity and promoting the transformation of glyceric acid to lactic acid as the main product by fluorine-hydrogen bonding with water molecules, glycerol reactants, and glyceraldehyde intermediate during the glycerol oxidation reaction.

Synergistic Construction of In Situ Self-Polymerized Interface and Localized pH Buffer Zone for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Iodine Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-iodine (Zn-I) batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage. However, their practical use is hindered by challenges such as Zn dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), corrosion, and polyiodide shuttle effect. In this study, valerolactam (VL) is employed as an organic pH buffer to address these issues.