Dissecting the Large Stokes Shift Fluorescence of Graphene-Sheet-Based Carbon Dots by Excitation-Dependent Ultrafast Spectroscopy.

Carbon dots (CDs) represent a new class of nontoxic and sustainable nanomaterials with increasing applications. Among them, bright and large Stokes-shift CDs are highly desirable for display and imaging, yet the emission mechanisms remain unclear. We obtained structural signatures for the recently engineered green and red CDs by ground-state femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), then synthesized orange CDs with similar size but much higher nitrogen dopants than red CDs.

Systemic Delivery of an mRNA-Encoding, Tumor-Activated Interleukin-12 Lock to Eliminate Tumors and Avoid Immune-Related Adverse Events.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a robust proinflammatory cytokine that activates immune cells, such as T cells and natural killer cells, to induce antitumor immunity. However, the clinical application of recombinant IL-12 has been limited by systemic immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and rapid degradation. To address these challenges, we employed mRNA technology to encode a tumor-activated IL-12 "lock" fusion protein that offers both therapeutic efficacy and systemic safety.

Association of Oxidative Balance Score With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Hypertensive Adults.

Background: The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a new measure for assessing systemic oxidative stress, where higher scores indicate increased exposure to antioxidants. However, the relationship between the OBS and mortality in individuals with hypertension remains unclear.

Methods: This study evaluated 8151 hypertensive individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2001-2018), utilizing data from the National Death Index, tracked through December 31, 2019.

Open-source models for development of data and metadata standards.

Machine learning and artificial intelligence promise to accelerate research and understanding across many scientific disciplines. Harnessing the power of these techniques requires aggregating scientific data. In tandem, the importance of open data for reproducibility and scientific transparency is gaining recognition, and data are increasingly available through digital repositories.

Spirulina subsalsa powder produced from seawater-wastewater: a nutrient-rich and safe alternative for aquaculture feed.

Elevated expense of chemical media spurs a shift to non-chemical media in microalgal cultivation, while ensuring the safety of the resulting powder poses a challenge. No previous studies have evaluated the safety and application of Spirulina subsalsa powder cultivated in monosodium glutamate wastewater (MSGW) and seawater. In this study, an analysis of basic nutritional components in Spirulina subsalsa powder indicated that this algal powder had high protein content, low lipid content and rich mineral content.

Silicate Enhances the Long-Term Dechlorination Performance of Sulfidized Zero-Valent Iron: Trade-Off between Passivation and In Situ Oxidation.

Sulfidized zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) holds promise in the remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. However, S-ZVI is susceptible to corrosion in aquifers with elevated dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that a trade-off between the passivation and oxidative corrosion of aged S-ZVI can be achieved in the presence of silicate to promote its dechlorination performance on trichloroethylene.

DNA Nanocage-Based Artificial Receptor Generator for Hydrophobic Interaction-Based Specific Membrane Anchoring.

Membrane receptor recognition is a specific biotargeting strategy for disease diagnosis and treatment, but it suffers from insufficient receptor expression levels. Hydrophobic interaction-based membrane anchoring strategy allows high anchoring density, but it lacks specificity. In this study, we present a DNA nanocage-based artificial receptor generator (DNARG) that combines the advantages of high specificity of receptor recognition and high density of hydrophobic membrane anchoring.

Vertically Stacked Boron Nitride/Graphene Heterostructure for Tunable Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber.

Incorporating atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials with optical fibers expands their potential for optoelectronic applications. Recent advancements in chemical vapor deposition have enabled the batch production of these hybrid fibers, paving the way for practical implementation. However, their functionality remains constrained by the integration of a single 2D material, restricting their versatile performance.

Ultrasonic-assisted three-phase partitioning with deep eutectic solvents for extraction of Nostoc commune Vauch polysaccharides and their anti-ulcerative colitis activity.

This study explores the extraction of polysaccharides from Nostoc commune Vauch. using ultrasonic-assisted three-phase partitioning with deep eutectic solvents (UA-TPP-DES). Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimized UA-TPP-DES conditions as follows: a 1: 2 M ratio of lauric acid to terpineol, 30 min of ultrasonication at 60 °C with 100 W power, 20 % moisture content, 20 % w/w (NH)SO concentration, and a 2: 1 top-to-bottom phase volume ratio.

Binder-Free Nickel Borate/Nickel Hydroxide Bifunctional Catalyst for Coupled Nitrate Reduction and Glycerol Oxidation Toward Sustainable Ammonia Production.

The accumulation of nitrate (NO) from agricultural runoff poses a growing threat to ecosystems and public health. Converting nitrate into ammonia (NH) through the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) offers a promising strategy to mitigate environmental contamination while creating a sustainable circular route to fertilizer production. However, achieving high NH production and energy efficiency remains challenging.

Perovskite Quantum Dot-Enhanced Silicon Photodetectors for High-Performance Infrared Sensing.

Infrared photodetectors are crucial for autonomous driving, providing reliable object detection under challenging lighting conditions. However, conventional silicon-based devices are limited in their responsivity beyond 1100 nm. Here, a scallop-structured silicon photodetector integrated with tin-substituted perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) that effectively extends infrared detection is demonstrated.

Integrin β3 dysregulation impairs megakaryopoiesis and microparticle production via disrupting ROCK-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics.

Background: Megakaryocyte (MK) fragmentation into proplatelets (PPTs) and microparticles (MKMPs) is well established, yet the mechanisms underlying MKMP generation remain unclear.

Objectives: In order to investigate the role of integrin β3 and cytoskeletal dynamics during megakaryopoiesis and explore potential therapeutic targets for thrombocytopenia.

Methods: Proplatelet formation and MKMP release were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro under integrin β3 receptor impaired environment.

Trophic-level accumulation and transfer of legacy and emerging contaminants in marine biota: meta-analysis of mercury, PCBs, microplastics, PFAS, PAHs.

Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pollutants, including plastics, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, oil, and emerging contaminants. This meta-analysis examined the accumulation patterns of five major contaminants-mercury (Hg), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-in relation to trophic level and lifespan across marine species. Data synthesis revealed distinct differences in bioaccumulation and biomagnification between legacy and emerging contaminants.

A novel acidic polysaccharide from Isatidis Radix: Structural characterization and immunoregulatory effect in zebrafish.

The immune system is the ultimate defense against diseases and its dysregulated homeostasis greatly threatens human health. Natural polysaccharides have a variety of biological activities and show promising applications in immunomodulation. In this study, we characterized the structure of the polysaccharide IRPS-TE-3 from Isatidis Radix using morphological analysis, molecular weight analysis, monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Glycyrrhetinic acid functionalized polyamidoamine dendrimers for targeted gene delivery in liver cancer.

Gene therapy holds significant promise for the treatment of liver cancer. However, the development of safe and efficient gene delivery systems remains a critical challenge. Cationic polymers are widely utilized as gene carriers due to their high transfection efficiency, yet their application is often hindered by cytotoxicity and lack of target specificity.

Hierarchical Structures of Protein-Fiber-Infused Aminoglycan Hydrogels to Promote Myocardial Repair.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is followed by irreversible damage to the myocardium, which eventually evolves into ventricular remodeling and heart failure. An imbalanced inflammatory response after MI can exacerbate myocardial injury. Current strategies to modulate inflammation and thereby improve myocardial tissue repair are limited.

Chemical Profiling of Chixiaodou Danggui San Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry With Data Mining Strategy.

Rationale: Chixiaodou Danggui San (CDS), composed of Vignae semen (VS) and Angelicae sinensis radix (ASR), has been utilized for the treatment of hemorrhoids in China. However, the chemical profiling of CDS remains insufficiently explored. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an accurate and rapid method for the chemical profiling of CDS.

33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges.

The effect of portable air purifiers and cabin air filters on particulate matter and nitrogen oxides concentrations in vehicle cabins.

In this study, portable air filters ranging in size from small desktop units with ∼80 lpm (∼3 CFM) flow rates to large plug-in filters with ∼8500 lpm (∼300 CFM) flow rates were tested to evaluate their performance in reducing particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NO) concentrations (as a sum of NO and NO, or individually) inside vehicle cabins. Aftermarket cabin air filters with various types of carbon trap features were tested to evaluate their performance in reducing NO concentrations inside vehicle cabins. The first goal was to determine the minimum size (in terms of flow rates) for a supplemental portable air purifier to aid the existing cabin air filter such that it enhances air quality without excessive energy consumption or space requirements.

A graph theory-based algorithm for the reduction of atmospheric chemical mechanisms.

The atmospheric chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOC) has a major influence on atmospheric pollutants and particle formation. Accurate modeling of this chemistry is essential for air quality models. Complete representations of VOC oxidation chemistry are far too large for spatiotemporal simulations of the atmosphere, necessitating reduced mechanisms.

[Common detoxification mechanisms in processing of toxic medicinal herbs of the same genus: a case study of Euphorbia pekinensis, E. ebracteolata, and E. fischeriana].

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) processing is a specialized pharmaceutical technique with the primary objective of reducing the toxicity of medicinal substances. Euphorbia pekinensis, E. ebracteolata, and E.

[Research progress in machine learning in processing and quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces].

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) decoction pieces are a core carrier for the inheritance and innovation of TCM, and their quality and safety are critical to public health and the sustainable development of the industry. Conventional quality control models, while having established a well-developed system through long-term practice, still face challenges such as relatively long inspection cycles, insufficient objectivity in characterizing complex traits, and urgent needs for improving the efficiency of integrating multidimensional quality information when confronted with the dual demands of large-scale production and precision quality control. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, machine learning can deeply analyze multidimensional data of the morphology, spectroscopy, and chemical fingerprints of decoction pieces by constructing high-dimensional feature space analysis models, significantly improving the standardization level and decision-making efficiency of quality evaluation.

Essential Oil-Antibiotics Synergistic Delivery Strategy via Phenylboronic-Acid-Functionalized Liposomes for Targeted Treatment of MRSA Pneumonia.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA)-induced pneumonia has become a major global public health challenge due to its high mortality and drug resistance. Essential oils, derived from plants, offer a promising solution to combat resistance owing to their low cytotoxicity and multitarget antimicrobial properties. This study designed a phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized liposomal codelivery system (P-Lip@CE) to reverse MRSA resistance by synergistically delivering cefazolin sodium (Cefas) and essential oil (EOFAZ).