Graphene-Inspired Mono-Elemental 2D Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications of Xenes.

Xenes, a class of mono-elemental two-dimensional (2D) materials, have emerged as promising candidate materials for next-generation electronic and energy devices due to their unique structural and electronic properties. This review first systematically categorizes the eighteen experimentally realized Xenes into Group III-VI and other group categories, summarizing their synthesis routes, ranging from top-down exfoliation to bottom-up methods. Based on density functional theory (DFT), this paper focuses on theoretical predictions of stable phases and substrate interactions, which guide experimental preparation.

Quantum Confinement Effects in Monolayer Black Phosphorus: Revision of the Nonradiative Recombination Dynamics.

The paper reports a computational study of excited-state dynamics in pristine and divacancy-defect-containing monolayer black phosphorus (ML-BP), with the primary focus on the nonradiative recombination of the lowest energy exciton. The excitonic effects are treated using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) combined with several hybrid density functionals, while the excitonic dynamics is modeled using a variety of quantum-classical nonadiabatic molecular dynamics methods. Our calculations reveal that the nonradiative recombination rates obtained from the overcoherent quantum dynamics increase with the increase of the exact exchange fraction in hybrid functionals which increases the corresponding - energy gaps.

Hypoxia-Activated and Light-Amplified Paclitaxel Release for Potentiated Photodynamic and Chemotherapy.

Iridium(III) complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence, tunable emission, and spatiotemporally controlled light-activation properties, making them ideal candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, self-amplified nanoparticles combining polycarbonate-iridium(III) conjugates (PC-Ir) and hypoxia-responsive paclitaxel prodrugs (PTX-Azo) were engineered. Upon 660 nm laser irradiation, PC-Ir generates substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) via both type I and type II photodynamic pathways.

Excitonic Properties of Monolayer Black Phosphorus: Critical Role of Electronic Exchange.

Recent interest in monolayer black phosphorus (ML-BP) as a promising 2D material for optoelectronic and solar energy harvesting applications stimulated the state-of-the-art characterization of the static and dynamic properties of excitons this material can support. Computational characterization of the exciton binding energy and nonradiative dynamics of excitons are the two key conundrums. In this work, we investigate the applicability of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) combined with hybrid density functionals as a methodology to capture strong quantum confinement effects in ML-BP and describe its exciton binding energies and excited state properties.

The Role of Convex Edge Site in Fully-Exposed Pt Cluster Catalyst for Hydrogen Production.

Achieving a precise understanding of the active site structure has long been an ultimate goal in fundamental heterogeneous catalysis research, yet it remains exceptionally challenging in nanocluster catalysis. In Pt-catalyzed dehydrogenation reactions, such as cyclohexane dehydrogenation for liquid organic carriers (LOHC), previous efforts have provided valuable insights into the size effects of nanoclusters. However, the optimal geometry of the active sites has remained elusive and, at times, contradictory.

High-Performance Piezoelectric Micro Diaphragm Hydrogen Sensor.

Highly sensitive, selective, and compact hydrogen (H) sensors for safety and process monitoring are needed due to the growing adoption of H as a clean energy carrier. Current resonant frequency-based H sensors face a critical challenge in simultaneously achieving high sensitivity, low operating frequency, and miniaturization while maintaining a high figure of merit (FOM). This study addresses these challenges by introducing a novel piezoelectric micro diagram (PMD) H sensor that achieves an unprecedented FOM exceeding 10.

Succinate supplementation alleviates liver cancer by inhibiting the FN1/SQLE axis-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis.

Succinate is a crucial metabolite in the TCA cycle and contributes to cancer development. However, the role of exogenous succinate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Here, we report that the concentration of succinate in HCC tissues is lower compared to adjacent normal tissues, as determined by spatial metabolomics and quantitative metabolomics analysis.

Interfacial Catalysis at Atomic Level.

Heterogeneous catalysts are pivotal to the chemical and energy industries, which are central to a multitude of industrial processes. Large-scale industrial catalytic processes rely on special structures at the nano- or atomic level, where reactions proceed on the so-called active sites of heterogeneous catalysts. The complexity of these catalysts and active sites often lies in the interfacial regions where different components in the catalysts come into contact.

Delactylation diminished the growth inhibitory role of CA3 by restoring DUOX2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Lactylation is an emerging pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanisms and biological significance remain poorly understood. The Carbonic anhydrase III (CA3) gene, previously defined as a binding protein of SQLE and involved in the NAFLD disease, has now been identified as a novel tumor suppressor in HCC.

Prognostic value of PLEKHA4 and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in breast cancer: a comprehensive study based on bioinformatics and clinical analysis validation.

Background: Pleckstrin homology containing family A, number 4 (PLEKHA4) plays a role in a number of biological processes in human cells, including cell polarization, growth, and proliferation. However, the relationship between PLEKHA4 expression and survival in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of PLEKHA4 as a prognostic indicator in BC.

Precision HER2: a comprehensive AI system for accurate and consistent evaluation of HER2 expression in invasive breast Cancer.

Background: With the development of novel anti-HER2 targeted drugs, such as ADCs, it has become increasingly important to accurately interpret HER2 expression in breast cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated high intra-observer and inter-observer variabilities in evaluating HER2 staining by human eyes. There exists a strong requirement to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems to achieve high-precision HER2 expression scoring for better clinical therapy.

Alantolactone improves cognitive impairment in rats with Porphyromonas gingivalis infection by inhibiting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and reducing Aβ levels.

Neuroinflammation caused by the chronic periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is growing regarded as as a key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alantolactone (AL), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the root of Inula racemosa Hook. f, has been proven to provide various neuroprotective effects.

Improving Active Site Local Proton Transfer in Porous Organic Polymers for Boosted Oxygen Electrocatalysis.

Improving proton transfer is vital for electrocatalysis with porous materials. Although several strategies are reported to assist proton transfer in channels, few studies are dedicated to improving proton transfer at the local environments of active sites in porous materials. Herein, we report on new Co-corrole-based porous organic polymers (POPs) with improved proton transfer for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

Adaptive control for circulating cooling water system using deep reinforcement learning.

Due to the complex internal working process of circulating cooling water systems, most traditional control methods struggle to achieve stable and precise control. Therefore, this paper presents a novel adaptive control structure for the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm, which is based on a reference trajectory model (TD3-RTM). The structure is based on the Markov decision process of the recirculating cooling water system.

Relationship between paravertebral muscle degeneration and spinal-pelvic sagittal parameters in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a clinically common degenerative disease of the spine, and spinal-pelvic sagittal balance and paravertebral muscle degeneration have been a research focus in recent years. To explore the relationship between the degeneration of paravertebral muscle and the changes in the spinal-pelvic sagittal parameters in LDH patients, 105 LDH patients (experimental group) and 63 healthy volunteers (control group) hospitalized in Ordos Central Hospital from January 2020 and January 2023 were included as study subjects. All the patients underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging and spinal X-ray using uniform criteria.

Multivariable Coupled System Control Method Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning.

Due to the multi-loop coupling characteristics of multivariable systems, it is difficult for traditional control methods to achieve precise control effects. Therefore, this paper proposes a control method based on deep reinforcement learning to achieve stable and accurate control of multivariable coupling systems. Based on the proximal policy optimization algorithm (PPO), this method selects tanh as the activation function and normalizes the advantage function.

Corrigendum: The effect of temperature on dengue virus transmission by mosquitoes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.

The effect of temperature on dengue virus transmission by mosquitoes.

Dengue is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. As an arbovirus disease, it is mainly transmitted by and . According to the previous studies, temperature is closely related to the survival of mosquitoes, the proliferation of dengue virus (DENV) and the vector competence of to transmit DENV.

Spinal‑pelvic sagittal imbalance and paraspinal muscle degeneration in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: A monocentric, prospective and observational study.

Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) is a condition in which the body is held in a poor posture for a long period of time, resulting in a change in the stress structure of the lumbar spine that causes degenerative changes in the muscles of the spine. The sagittal balance of the spine and pelvis and the degeneration of the paravertebral muscles have been the focus of recent research. To explore the relationship between paraspinal muscle degeneration and changes in spine-pelvic sagittal parameters in patients with DLSS, 95 patients with DLSS (experimental group) and 70 healthy volunteers (control group) hospitalized in the Ordos Central Hospital between January 2020 and January 2022 were included as study subjects.

Super-tough polylactic acid (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) materials prepared through reactive blending with epoxy-functionalized PMMA-GMA copolymer.

High-performance biosourced polylactic acid (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blends with small amounts of compatibilizer, epoxy-functionalized methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (PMMA-GMA), were fabricated by melt compounding. The properties of the modified PLA/PMMA-GMA, PBS/PMMA-GMA, and PLS(PLA/PBS)/PMMA-GMA blends were investigated systematically. DSC combined with X-ray diffraction revealed a low-order semi-crystalline structure for all samples.

Artificial intelligence in cancer pathology: Challenge to meet increasing demands of precision medicine.

Clinical efforts on precision medicine are driving the need for accurate diagnostic, new prognostic and novel drug predictive assays to inform patient selection and stratification for disease treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that a combination of cancer pathology and artificial intelligence (AI) can meet this requirement. In the present review, the past, present and emerging integrations of AI into cancer pathology were comprehensively reviewed, which were divided into four main groups to highlight the roles of AI‑integrated cancer pathology in precision medicine.

['s clinical experience of method in treatment of insomnia].

The paper summarizes professor -'s clinical experience in treatment of insomnia with (calming-down the spirit) method. It is believed that insomnia results from the unstable spirit in pathogenesis of TCM. The basic therapeutic principle is regulating the spirit, in which, stabilizing the primary spirit and tranquilizing the heart spirit are emphasized.

DNA tetrahedron-besieged primer and DNAzyme-activated programmatic RCA for low-background electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most toxic class of ochratoxins and has become a major threat to the environment, humans and animals. Therefore, research on the methods for its detection is also more urgent. Herein, we propose a low-background electrochemical biosensor based on a DNA tetrahedron-besieged primer and a DNAzyme-activated programmatic rolling circle amplification (RCA) that can be ultimately utilized for OTA detection in wine samples.