Adsorption-desorption behavior of difenoconazole onto soils: Kinetics, isotherms, and influencing factors.

Difenoconazole (DFC) is a commonly used triazole fungicide known for its high efficiency and environmental persistence. A thorough understanding of its environmental behavior, particularly sorption in soil, is critical to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risk of DFC. In this study, three soils with distinct physicochemical properties (brown soil, cinnamon soil, and fluvo-aquic soil) were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms of DFC on soil.

Efficient degradation mechanism of fomesafen by earthworms and gut degrading bacteria synthetic community.

Fomesafen (FSA), a diphenyl ether herbicide, causes toxicity to non-target organisms and subsequent crops. Vermi-remediation is advocated as an effective remediation method, but there has been no research on the isolation and mechanism of FSA-degradation strains from earthworm gut. In this study, three ecotypes of earthworms- Eisenia foetida (epigeic), Metaphire guillelmi (anecic), and Aporrectodea caliginosa (endogenic), were used to investigate the degradation mechanism of FSA in soil-plant-earthworm systems for the first time.

Unveiling DNAPLs solubilization mechanisms: How hydrophobic chain length governs characteristics in novel sugar-based Gemini surfactants.

Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) is an effective strategy for removing dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) from contaminated groundwater. While Gemini surfactants possess unique dimeric structures and excellent physicochemical properties, the role of hydrophobic chain length in governing their solubilization performance has not been systematically clarified. Here, five sugar-based anionic-nonionic Gemini surfactants (SANG 06, 08, 09, 10, and 13) with different hydrophobic chain lengths were synthesized and evaluated.

Stage-Specific Impacts of Climate Change on Greater White-Fronted Geese Along the East Asian Flyway.

Migratory flyways sustain waterbird populations by linking critical habitats across their annual cycle. However, stage-specific impacts of climate change on these habitats remain poorly understood. We integrated species distribution models with annual migration data from 30 Greater White-fronted Geese () to assess changes in habitat suitability, distributional shifts, and suitability fluctuations across breeding, stopover, and wintering stages under mid-century (2040-2060) climate scenarios.

Antibiotics Sources, Concentrations, and Risk of Antimicrobial Resistance Selection in the Three Gorges Reservoir Basin, China.

The widespread use of antibiotics in humans and animals raises significant environmental concerns. However, few approaches can simultaneously quantify their transfer from humans and animals and track their fate in soils and rivers. In this study, we developed the MARINA-Antibiotics model (Model to Assess River Inputs of pollutaNts to seAs for Antibiotics) to quantify the sources and concentrations of 30 widely used antibiotics, as well as assess their associated environmental risks, and implemented this model in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in 2020.

Species diversity estimation in a typical tropical forest: which phenological stage and spatial resolution are suitable?

Satellite remote sensing data is essential for large-scale, timely, and repeatable monitoring of forest species diversity. While various methods have been applied to satellite-based diversity estimation at regional scales, selecting suitable sensor and monitoring period remains challenging, especially in tropical forests. This study aims to identify the optimal time window, spatial resolution, and metrics for species diversity estimation in the Jianfengling tropical forest in southern China.

Novel insight into the in-situ study of biodegradable microplastics in soil aggregates.

Biodegradable plastic as an effective alternative to conventional plastic has been widely applied in recent years, but its incomplete degradation in soil has potentially led to microplastics pollution. Soil aggregates may have a remarkable influence on the degradation behavior of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs). In this study, a 12-month field in-situ incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the surface features and biodegradation behavior of BMPs in soil aggregates.

Mixed Cultivation With Siberian Alder Worsens the Negative Impact of Salt Exposure on Growth and Major Physiological Processes of Black Locust Plants.

Salinity is a major threat that can greatly affect the growth and development of plants. Mixed planting has been shown to effectively improve the salinity tolerance of tree species. However, it is still unknown whether admixing alder trees promotes the growth and development of N-fixing Robinia pseudoacacia on saline soil.

Genome-wide molecular characterization and expression profiling of the cysteine protease gene family in maize.

Unlabelled: Cysteine proteases (CPs), a pivotal class of proteolytic enzymes ubiquitously distributed across plant genomes, play critical roles in plant development, senescence, and immune responses. However, systematic investigations of CPs in maize ( L.) remain limited.

Second-order Calibration-assisted Excitation-emission Matrix Fluorescence Detection of Multi-class Mycotoxins in Grape, Wine and Raisin for Food Safety Assessment.

Mycotoxin in grape and its products (wine, raisin) is a widely concerned issue of food safety, it closely associated with consumers' health. In this study, an analytical strategy by combining second-order calibration method with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence detection followed photo derivatization (PD) was explored for rapid and sensitive analysis of aflatoxin B (AFB), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) in grape, raisin and wine. Except simple solvent extraction by ethyl acetate and concentration by vacuum distillation, samples don't need other complicated treatment steps any more.

Characterization and source apportionment of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils in the complex genesis region of western Yunnan.

The genesis of heavy metal contamination in arable soils is complex, and scientifically identifying risks and precisely analyzing contamination sources are essential for safely using contaminated arable land. In this study, we systematically evaluated the pollution characteristics of Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr in soil, and then applied the APCS-MLR and PMF models to jointly analyze pollution sources and their contributions. The results showed that the concentrations of the eight heavy metals were significantly higher than the background values for soils in Yunnan Province, exhibiting clear spatial heterogeneity.

Effects of microplastics in soil on the regulation of cadmium bioavailability by biochar.

Given the widespread and persistent presence of microplastics (MPs) in soil, their coexistence with cadmium (Cd) poses significant environmental risks. Biochar (BC) serves as an economically viable and environmentally sustainable amendment for soil remediation. However, the existing research on BC application in Cd-contaminated soil has yet to adequately consider the influences of the presence of MPs.

Effects of new-type fertilizers and irrigation regimes on carbon footprint of double-season rice system.

To elucidate the responses of yield and carbon footprint of double-season rice production systems to new-type fertilizers and irrigation regimes, we investigated the effects of three new-type fertilizers, viz, controlled-release urea (CRU), nitrapyrin-treated urea (CP), and effective microorganisms (EM) (conventional fertilizer as control), and two irrigation regimes, conventional flooding (W) and shallow water irrigation (W), on yield, greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint of early- and late-season rice by the FAO-CROPWAT 8.0 modeling in combination with field experiments (2020-2021). The results showed that compared to the conventional fertilizer (CK), three new-type fertilizers increased rice yield.

Constructing a knowledge system for theoretical research and practical application in macroecosystem science.

Ecological research in the 21st century has entered a new stage of ecosystem science. Macroecosystem science, as the engine and frontier direction of ecosystem science, is focusing on the mutual feedbacks among "environmental change-ecosystem-human well-being-social development", based on the systemic cognitive framework of "multiple elements-multiple processes-multiple functions-multiple scales-multiple dimensions". It is committed to developing integrated research methods of "cross media-cross interface-cross time and space-cross level-cross disciplinary", concentrating on the cascading relationships and process mechanisms of "resource environment-system structure-ecological process-functional service" and "system construction-state evolution-resource and environment effect-regulation and supervision", and understanding the evolution laws of macroecosystem and the scientific principles of human regulation.

Deciphering intrakingdom synergism in 17β-estradiol degradation through DNA-SIP coupled metagenomics: Metabolic cooperation and niche partitioning in bioaugmented soil microbiomes.

17β-Estradiol (17β-E2), a persistent endocrine-disrupting compound, threatens ecosystem health through bioaccumulation. While bioaugmentation offers promise for environmental remediation, mechanistic insights into interspecies interactions between exogenous and indigenous degraders remain underexplored. Here, a synthetic microbial consortium (EL) was constructed by combining Rhodococcus erythropolis D310-1 and Microbacterium oxydans ML-6, which reduced the 17β-E2 degradation half-life by 53.

Organic farming significantly improves microbial community structure, network complexity, and functional diversity in the Gannan navel orange orchard.

Background: In recent years, improper agricultural management practices have led to the loss of biodiversity and poor fruit quality in orchards. Converting conventional farming to organic farming is an environmentally responsible approach to improving sustainable fruit production. However, questions remain regarding how the microbial community responds to different farming practices in citrus trees.

Deciphering Cd stabilization pathways by organosilicon in soil-pakchoi systems through isotope-tracing.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in farmland soils threatens food safety, making it essential to study soil-crop Cd transport mechanisms and develop remediation strategies. While organosilicon-modified materials demonstrate potential in blocking metal uptake by crops, their underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. This study employed stable isotope Cd tracing to investigate Cd absorption, translocation, allocation in soil-pakchoi system mediated by organosilicon (DMDCS and D6).

Sequential interfacial contributions of microplastics to microbial adhesion and metal adsorption.

Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized as interfacial substrates for microbial adhesion and metal adsorption in aquatic environments. However, the temporal sequence and causality of MPs-microbial-metal interactions remain poorly understood. This study uncovers the mechanistic sequence and interfacial contributions of MPs in mediating B.

Mg²⁺-modified corncob biochar and natural zeolite significantly enhanced simultaneous N and P recovery from livestock wastewater.

Livestock and poultry farming effluents (LPFE) have become a significant source of pollution in the agricultural water environment, with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) being the major pollutants. The use of inexpensive Mg2+ -modified materials as crystallization carriers can enhance the struvite crystallization and precipitation reaction, enabling efficient recovery of N and P nutrients from LPFE. In this study, Mg2+ -modified corncob biochar (CCBC-Mg) and Mg2+ -modified natural zeolite (NZ-Mg) were assessed for their simultaneous recovery of N and P from LPFE.

Root-driven phosphorus mobilization in Chinese cabbage: Rhizosphere adaptations and impacts on soil phosphorus dynamics.

Improving the capacity of vegetable roots to phosphorus (P) uptake is crucial to ensure high yield and P utilization efficiency. However, it remains unclear how the changes in roots and rhizosphere characteristics under varying P fertilizer application affect soil P transformation and uptake by roots. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years with five different P application rates (0, 33, 65, 131, and 393 kg P ha) to explore strategies for improving P uptake in Chinese cabbage.

Novel insights into microbial strategies for antimony (Sb) transformation coupled with carbon utilization in groundwater ecosystem.

Microbial-mediated antimony (Sb) metabolism and its coupling with bio-essential elements cycles are not only crucial to the biogeochemistry of Sb-contaminated groundwater but also have potential implications for human health. However, the ways in which Sb contamination affects microbial carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism, particularly carbon-utilization strategies, remain poorly understood and lack direct experimental confirmation. Herein, well and spring water samples were collected from the Xikuangshan (XKS) mine to investigate microbial responses and functional adaptations.

Insights into efficient removal of cationic and anionic dyes by olive pomace adsorbent.

Olive pomace (OP) is a widely used agricultural by-product with the potential to promote a circular low-carbon bioeconomy. In this work, an environmentally friendly and low-cost olive pomace adsorbent (OPA) was obtained from olive pomace by drying, crushing, sieving and sterilizing, and confirmed to remove anionic and cationic dyes from wastewater. The present study investigated the impact of adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH on the adsorption mechanism, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the adsorption mechanism.

Legacy Effects of Different Preceding Crops on Grain Yield, Protein Fractions and Soil Nutrients in Subsequent Winter Wheat.

Given the pressing global food security crisis and climate change-induced constraints on agricultural productivity, crop rotation proves critical for boosting yield and grain quality of winter wheat () alongside ameliorating soil quality. However, the legacy effect of different preceding crops on synergistic increments of wheat productivity and soil fertility remains to be fully clarified. Five different preceding crop-winter wheat rotations were conducted in a field experiment established in Huanghua, China.

Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics and Driving Mechanisms of Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation on Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains Based on CASA Model, China.

Net primary productivity (NPP) reflects the carbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems and it is used as an important indicator for measuring ecosystem quality. However, due to the effects of "warming and humidification" and "oasisization", the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of the NPP of vegetation in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM), a typical arid area in China, are still unclear. Thus, in this study, we used remote sensing data and meteorological data to construct a Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach (CASA) model for estimating the NPP of vegetation in the study area.