Constructing a knowledge system for theoretical research and practical application in macroecosystem science.

Ecological research in the 21st century has entered a new stage of ecosystem science. Macroecosystem science, as the engine and frontier direction of ecosystem science, is focusing on the mutual feedbacks among "environmental change-ecosystem-human well-being-social development", based on the systemic cognitive framework of "multiple elements-multiple processes-multiple functions-multiple scales-multiple dimensions". It is committed to developing integrated research methods of "cross media-cross interface-cross time and space-cross level-cross disciplinary", concentrating on the cascading relationships and process mechanisms of "resource environment-system structure-ecological process-functional service" and "system construction-state evolution-resource and environment effect-regulation and supervision", and understanding the evolution laws of macroecosystem and the scientific principles of human regulation.

Quantitative characterization system for macroecosystem attributes and states.

Macroecosystem science is dedicated to exploring and understanding the mechanisms underlying ecosystem structure, function, and processes. Accurately measuring and quantitatively describing the basic properties and state changes of ecosystem, and establishing corresponding measurement methods and dimensional systems, are key steps in promoting the development of macroecosystem research. Therefore, based on traditional ecosystem element attributes such as biology and soil, as well as researches on biological traits at the levels of organs, individuals, and species, constructing measurement methods and dimensional systems that quantitatively characterize the intrinsic properties and state changes of ecosystem, and developing new macroecosystem research theories and application systems, are fundamental theoretical and methodological issues that urgently need to be addressed in macroecosystem science research.

Cognitive dimensions, scales, and multidisciplinary coordinate systems in macroecosystem science.

Over the past century, ecology has evolved from classical or fundamental ecological studies into a new stage of ecosystem ecology or ecosystem science. This evolution has laid the theoretical groundwork for large-scale and global ecological research, fostering an integration of biology, geography, and environmental science, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration between natural sciences, humanities, and socio-economics. Throughout the process of integration, ecology has absorbed concepts from other disciplines to form a unique scientific knowledge and concept system framework.