Sappanone A, a potential natural inhibitor of PI3K, alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in experimental models.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) affects a large proportion of the global population and is widely regarded as the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, approved therapeutic strategies for MASH are limited. Therefore, this study used the Connectivity Map (CMap) database to identify a candidate compound for MASH, evaluate its efficacy in experimental models, and explore its mechanism of action.

The Mkx- TGF-β pathway induced the development of the myodural bridge complex in SD rats.

Objective: The myodural bridge complex (MDBC) is a tendon-like structure highly conserved during vertebrate evolution, suggesting it plays an important physiological role. Substantial evidence indicates that the MDBC may contribute to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation by generating mechanical force. Studying its developmental process may offer new insights into CSF dynamics and lead to improved strategies for diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.

Significance of ultrasound combined with near-infrared spectroscopy in monitoring transfusion-associated intestinal injury in extremely preterm infants: a study protocol for a prospective, observational study.

Background: Most preterm infants with a gestational age < 32 weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) undergo blood transfusion therapy during their hospital stay to enhance their oxygen-carrying capacity and improve the oxygenation of vital organs. However, anemia and blood transfusions can lead to intestinal damage. Bedside abdominal ultrasonography and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are widely applied to monitor intestinal injury and oxygen perfusion.

Effect of Pituitary-Target Gland Axis on RAAS in the Context of COVID-19.

The pituitary gland is a very important endocrine gland in the human body. It secretes and releases many hormones crucial for controlling physiological processes, such as energy metabolism, human growth and development, and reproduction. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulates water and salt homeostasis, controlling blood pressure.

Butein Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Leptin-Deficient Mice by Modulating the PDE4/cAMP/p-CREB Pathway.

Purpose: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a prevalent liver disease characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and liver injury. Despite its increasing incidence, effective treatments are limited. Butein, a flavonoid with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, has not been thoroughly studied for its potential therapeutic effects in NASH.

Improved Power Conversion Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Induced by Surface Modification with Multifunctional Dipoles.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered widespread attention owing to their outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), which currently exceed 27%. Good interfacial contact and energy level alignment between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer (HTL) are essential for efficient charge-carrier collection and nonradiative recombination minimization. Spiro-OMeTAD is commonly employed as the HTL in high-performance planar PSCs.

Characterization of a new shape memory composite material for orthodontic aligners - a preliminary study.

Objective: Clear orthodontic appliances without metal brackets are highly favored by orthodontic patients due to their aesthetic appearance, easy to clean, and comfort. This pilot study aimed to investigate a new shape memory polyurethane (SMP) composite material for orthodontic applications.

Methods: Finite element (FE) analysis was used to evaluate the mechanical performance of the composite material, which consists of polydl-lactide and hydroxyapatite (PDLLA/HA) model based on viscoelasticity and phase transition theories.

Force-dependent development of the myodural bridge in rats: The impact of Integrin α7.

The myodural bridge (MDB) represents specialized fibrous structures establishing connectivity between suboccipital musculature and the spinal dura mater (SDM). The suboccipital muscles, ligaments, and myodural bridge fibers together form a functional unit known as the myodural bridge complex (MDBC). Mechanical stress from suboccipital muscles may contribute to MDB maturation.

The biocontrol effect and mechanism of the marine-derived fungus Epicoccum nigrum against Alternaria alternata, the causal agent of tomato black spot disease.

Tomato black spot disease, caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata, leads to plant wilting and chlorosis and results in sunken, black lesions on harvested fruit, thereby causing significant economic losses in the tomato industry. To mitigate issues related to environmental contamination and the emergence of resistant pathogens, this study investigated a high-efficacy, low-toxicity biocontrol strategy. The marine-derived fungus Q8-1 inhibited the growth of A.

Retrospective analysis of neonatal hydrocephalus over the past 12 years.

Background: Neonatal hydrocephalus is a serious neurological disease; however, advancements in neonatal care and the increasing survival rate of extremely preterm infants and its incidence, etiology, diagnosis and management have also undergone significant changes. In this study, we aimed to summarize the above clinical changes in neonatal hydrocephalus at our hospital over the past 12 years to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study.

Electromagnetic dynamic stability analysis of power electronics-dominated systems using eigenstructure-preserved LTP Theory.

Secure operation of power systems, one of the largest man-made systems, is crucial for economic development and societal well-being. Over the past century, initiatives like Europe's Super Grid and China's Dual Carbon plan have driven significant changes in power systems, leading to the widespread integration of diverse power electronic equipment. This has resulted in the emergence of power electronics-dominated power systems.

Design and in vitro evaluation of gradient Schwarz Primitive scaffolds with thin-board integration for bone implants.

Bone scaffolds for the repair of large-segment bone defects require a balance between mechanical stability and nutrient transport. This study proposes gradient Schwarz Primitive minimal surface scaffolds (P-TPMS) integrated with thin-board (B) structures, fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM). Finite element analysis (FEA) revealed that the gradient design reduced stress concentrations, achieving a layer-by-layer collapse failure mode under compression.

Current evidence and strategies for preventing tumor recurrence following thermal ablation of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been increasing, and thermal ablation has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to surgery for low-risk cases. However, post-ablation tumor progression remains a significant clinical challenge.

Methods: This review synthesizes existing literature on tumor progression after thermal ablation for PTC, analyzing potential causes and evaluating preventive strategies at different diagnostic and treatment stages.

Low-noise frequency synthesis and terahertz wireless communication driven by compact turnkey Kerr combs.

High frequency microwave, spanning up to terahertz frequency, is pivotal for next-generation communication, sensing and radar. However, it faces fundamental noise limitations when frequency is pushed towards such boundary of conventional electronic technologies. Photonic microwave generation, particularly Kerr-comb-based microwave source, benefits from high frequency operation but still suffers from phase noise constraints.

Risk of Pituitary Immune-Related Adverse Events Caused by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced hypophysitis is one of the common endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Our goal is to evaluate the risk of pituitary irAEs caused by ICIs.

Methods: The relevant literatures were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to October 31, 2024.

Laser ablation of bone for implant osteotomy preparation-modeling and an ex vivo validation study.

Mechanical drilling is currently a universal standard for implant osteotomy site preparation. Without proper cooling, high frictional heat can be generated inside the bone during drilling which may be detrimental for osteocyte survival. Mechanical fracture of bone near a drill bit surface can also impede the osseointegration process.

Duplicated OsATG9 Genes Antagonise Autophagy to Balance Growth and Drought Tolerance in Rice.

Gene duplication events frequently occur during eukaryotic genome evolution, often leading to functional redundancy for organism survival in complex environments. However, whether duplicate genes evolve diverse functions remains unclear. In this study, we explored the roles of autophagy-related gene 9 OsATG9a and OsATG9b in rice development and drought stress responses.

Baicalin prevents experimental autoimmune uveitis by promoting macrophage polarization balance through inhibiting the HIF-1α signaling pathway.

Uveitis is a series of autoimmune eye diseases that can seriously damage people's eyesight. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of baicalin in treating uveitis, focusing on its modulation of HIF-1α expression and macrophage polarization. Using an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) rat model, we found that baicalin can significantly reduce fundus inflammation in EAU rats.

enhances growth and cadmium tolerance via modulating root architecture and cadmium speciation in contaminated environments.

Introduction: Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) commonly colonize plant roots in heavy metal-polluted habitats, but little is known about the potential mechanisms driving medicinal plants to adapt to heavy metal-polluted environments. Here, we investigated the growth of strains and their enhancing of cadmium (Cd) tolerance and growth in in Cd-contaminated soil.

Methods: First, we tested the Cd resistance of by culture.

Specific soil factors drive the differed stochastic assembly of rhizosphere and root endosphere fungal communities in pear trees across different habitats.

Introduction: is tolerant to diverse environmental conditions and is commonly planted in infertile habitats (such as beaches and ridges) to conserve arable land for cereal crops. Symbiotic fungi in the rhizosphere and root endosphere benefit host plants by enhancing their resilience to nutritional deficiencies under stressful conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying the assembly of these symbiotic fungal communities in the roots of across different habitats remain poorly understood.

Correction to "Application of Psyllium Husk as a Friendly Filtrate Reducer for High-Temperature Water-Based Drilling Fluids".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04999.

Screening and functional studies of Norrin-related nanobodies.

Norrin is a crucial regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, playing a key role in retinal vascular development, blood-brain barrier maintenance, and neuroprotection. In this study, a Norrin fusion protein (Norrin-Fc) was successfully expressed and purified using an insect cell expression system. Camels were immunized with purified Norrin-Fc to generate nanobodies, which consist solely of the heavy chain variable domains of heavy chain antibodies (VHH) with a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa.

Modulating culture method promotes the production of disulfide-linked resorcylic acid lactone dimers with anti-proliferative activity.

Sulfur-containing natural products are distinguished by their unique chemical structures and notable biological activities, rendering them highly valuable in drug discovery and development. Recent advancements in chemical epigenetic modifications, sulfur source regulation, and fungal co-cultivation have significantly facilitated the discovery of novel sulfur-containing compounds. In this study, the modulating culture method, incorporating DMSO and sea salt into the culture medium, was utilized to induce the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp.

Effects of oral antidiabetic agents on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Background: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a vital endocrine system that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. However, excessive activation of the RAAS can contribute to the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to overactivation of the RAAS through the production of inflammatory factors and other mechanisms, ultimately resulting in diabetic complications.