Sappanone A, a potential natural inhibitor of PI3K, alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in experimental models.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) affects a large proportion of the global population and is widely regarded as the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, approved therapeutic strategies for MASH are limited. Therefore, this study used the Connectivity Map (CMap) database to identify a candidate compound for MASH, evaluate its efficacy in experimental models, and explore its mechanism of action.

Nanocarrier delivered dsRNA: an efficient method for controlling the malignant invasive golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata).

Pomacea canaliculata, commonly known as the golden apple snail, is one of the world's top 100 worst invasive alien species. Its widespread invasion has led to reduced agricultural yields, water pollution, and human health risks. While several control methods have been proposed, they often pose environmental and biodiversity risks.

LIMA1-alpha staining predicts curative intent surgery response in HPV negative head and neck cancer.

In many solid cancer types, surgery alone could be a sufficient first therapy option for a significant number of cancer patients. However, there are currently no diagnostic solutions to identify patients who could be stratified to surgery alone. To identify a biomarker predicting cancer surgery response, candidate biomarkers were studied in a non-metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (nmHNSCC) cohort well representative of the HPV-negative patient population.

Effects of antioxidants on cancer progression.

Antioxidant supplements are widely marketed for their promised health benefits, including cancer prevention and therapy support. This belief stems from the idea that excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules. However, the effects of antioxidants are highly context-dependent and influenced by the compound type, dosage, and cancer type.

Biological Mechanisms for Allen's Rule: DNA Methylation as Mediator of the Association Between In Utero Exposure to Environmental Heat and Tibial Growth in Childhood.

Objectives: Understanding human phenotypic plasticity in response to social, ecosystem, and climate interactions can be an important tool for designing social and public health strategies that increase climate change resilience. Sensitivity of the tibia to environmental perturbations is well established; moreover, Allen's rule predicts relatively longer tibial length in hotter climates. In this study, we hypothesized DNA methylation (DNAm) changes as potential mechanisms for impacts of environmental heat exposure in utero persisting in childhood tibial growth in Kenyan Samburu pastoralist children ages 1.

Trends and Emerging Research Areas in Postoperative Sleep Disturbances: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Purpose: Postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) is highly prevalent and significantly affects patient prognosis. Studies on PSD have received increasing attention, resulting in a surge in related publications. However, comprehensive analyses that can objectively reflect changes in scientific knowledge and identify the latest research trends in this field are lacking.

Early detection of Citrus Huanglongbing by UAV remote sensing based on MGA-UNet.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a severe disease that has caused substantial economic damage to the global citrus industry. Early detection is challenging due to the lack of distinctive early symptoms, making current diagnostic methods often ineffective. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent and timely detection system for HLB.

Enteric-coated Mycophenolate Sodium plus hydroxychloroquine therApy versus hydroxychloroquine for the Remission of Proteinuria in IgA Nephropathy (EMSAR-IgAN trial): study protocol for a randomised trial.

Introduction: The management of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy remains a topic of debate. Hydroxychloroquine and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) are two immunosuppressive agents that have recently garnered increased attention among patients with IgA nephropathy in China. Several studies have shown the comparable efficacy between MMF and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS), with lower adverse event rates for EC-MPS.

Nomogram risk prediction model for acute respiratory distress syndrome following acute kidney injury.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe form of respiratory failure, can be precipitated by acute kidney injury (AKI), leading to a significant increase in mortality among affected patients. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for ARDS and construct a predictive nomogram.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1,241 AKI patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from August 25, 2016, to December 31, 2023.

Glycation metabolites predict incident age-related comorbidities and mortality in older people with HIV.

Glycation is a class of modifications arising from non-enzymatic reactions of reducing sugars with proteins, lipids, and/or DNA, generating advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are linked to many age-related comorbidities. In response to HIV-1 infection, activated T-cells and macrophages shift their predominate metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis.

Intermedin protects peritubular capillaries by inhibiting eNOS uncoupling through AMPK/GTPCH-I/BH4 pathway and alleviate CKD following AKI.

Background: Even after recovery of kidney function following AKI, progression to CKD may still occur, characterized by a reduction in peritubular capillaries (PTC) and subsequent kidney fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) from uncoupled eNOS are suspected to damage endothelial cells and cause PTC rarefaction observed in AKI-CKD. Intermedin (IMD) inhibits eNOS uncoupling by activating AMPK, but its impact on AKI-CKD transition remains unclear.

Association of frailty with respiratory tract infections: Evidence from cross-sectional analysis and mendelian randomization.

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTI) remain a challenge to global health, particularly in the frail populations. However, an understanding of the causal relationship between frailty and RTI is limited.

Methods: Two complementary approaches were used.

Roles of microRNAs in cardiorenal syndrome.

Cardiac and kidney diseases are intimately linked through numerous pathophysiological pathways, frequently exerting reciprocal influences on one another. This interconnection often culminates in heightened morbidity and mortality rates within the clinical spectrum of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). CRS is categorized into five types based on the primary organ involved and the chronicity of the condition.

Immune Imbalance in Primary Membranous Nephropathy at Single-cell Resolution.

Background: Primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) often progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy. The immunological mechanisms driving pMN progression remain insufficiently understood.

Methods: We developed a single-cell transcriptomic profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 11 newly-diagnosed pMN patients and 5 healthy donors.

The independent and interactive effects of heavy metal pollution and vitamin D deficiency on early kidney injury indicators: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004.

Background: Heavy metals (e.g., cadmium, lead, mercury, etc.

A Bayesian high-dimensional mediation analysis for multilevel genome-wide epigenetic data.

Causal mediation analysis has increasingly become a popular practice in various clinical trials and epidemiological applications to evaluate whether an intermediate variable is on the pathway between the exposure of interest and a response. Previous mediation analyses in the literature mainly focused on settings with a single or low-dimensional mediators and single-level data. In this article, we propose a Bayesian causal mediation analysis method that can handle our multilevel intergenerational epigenetic mechanisms study (IEMS) with high-dimensional mediators.

Influence of Kunth Flavonoids on Composition of Soil Microbial Community.

, one of the world's most destructive invasive species, is known for causing significant ecological and economic harm. While extensive research has focused on its growth characteristics, secondary metabolites, and control measures, its chemical interactions with the environment-particularly the role of flavonoids in shaping soil microbial communities-remain underexplored. In this study, we identified and quantified ten flavonoids from root exudates using UPLC-MS, including Hispidulin, Isorhamnetin, and Mikanin.

Ancestral Nitrilase Mining and Semi-Rational Engineering for Enhanced Thermal Stability in Rapeseed Meals-Derived Nitriles Degradation.

Rapeseed meal (RSM), a protein-rich byproduct, holds potential as a high-quality animal feed, but nitrile compounds derived from glucosinolates (GSLs) in RSM pose a toxicity risk. Nitrilases, enzymes that hydrolyze toxic nitriles to carboxylic acids, offer a potential solution for detoxification. However, the low thermal stability of nitrilases restricts their industrial applicability.

Silencing of the Gene via dsRNA Affects Root Development and Growth in the Invasive Weed .

("mile-a-minute" weed) is a global invasive alien weed that can cause severe damage to agroforestry ecosystems and significant agricultural losses worldwide. Although chemical, manual, or mechanical control methods are widely used to control , RNA interference (RNAi)-based biocontrol methods have rarely been reported for this species. The () gene, encoding an auxin response factor, plays an essential role in embryonic root initiation in .

Constructing phylogenetic trees for microbiome data analysis: A mini-review.

As next-generation sequencing technologies advance rapidly and the cost of metagenomic sequencing continues to decrease, researchers now face an unprecedented volume of microbiome data. This surge has stimulated the development of scalable microbiome data analysis methods and necessitated the incorporation of phylogenetic information into microbiome analysis for improved accuracy. Tools for constructing phylogenetic trees from 16S rRNA sequencing data are well-established, as the highly conserved regions of the 16S gene are limited, simplifying the identification of marker genes.

Demyelination in cuprizone mice is ameliorated by calycosin mediated through astrocyte Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in multiple sclerosis (MS), triggering demyelination predominantly through excessive peroxide production and the depletion of antioxidants. The accumulation of oxidative damage can be caused by dysregulation of astrocytes, which are the brain's main regulators of oxidative homeostasis. Calycosin, an essential bioactive component extracted from Astragalus, is recognized for its neuroprotective properties.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the Brontispa longissima.

Brontispa longissima is a highly destructive pest that affects coconut and ornamental palm plants. It is widely distributed across Southeast and East Asia and the Pacific region, causing production losses of up to 50-70%. While control methods and ecological phenomena have been the primary focus of research, there is a significant lack of studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying these ecological phenomena.

CD8+T cell infiltration-associated barrier function of brain endothelial cells is enhanced by astragalus polysaccharides via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Pathogenic CD8+T cells play an essential role in neuroinflammation and neural injury, which leads to the progression of inflammatory neurological disorders. Thus, blocking the infiltration of CD8+T cells is necessary for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that astragalus polysaccharide (APS) could significantly reduce the infiltration of CD8+T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice.