N-glycosylation of the PEDV spike protein modulates viral replication and pathogenicity.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly virulent enteric coronavirus, induces severe watery diarrhea and mortality in suckling piglets. The spike (S) protein, a critical mediator of viral entry, undergoes extensive N-linked glycosylation. To elucidate the functional significance of these post-translational modifications, we employed a reverse genetics system to generate 19 recombinant PEDV strains with single-site mutations at predicted N-glycosylation sites.

Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 in Free-Ranging Wild Boars and Ticks in Jiangsu Province, China.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has been detected in wild boars across many countries in Europe, Asia, and South America. However, data regarding the presence of porcine circoviruses in wild boars and ticks remain limited. In this study, we investigated the presence and genetic characteristics of PCV3 in wild boars and parasitizing ticks in Jiangsu, China.

Unexpected Spontaneous Generation of Superoxide Radicals: Water-Solid Collision as an Atypical Source.

Spontaneous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) driven by water-solid contact electrification was a new source of redox chemistry. However, superoxide radicals (O ), a kind of ROS that was of great significance in both natural and engineering environments, remain overlooked and poorly understood at the water-solid interface. Here, we found O could be generated spontaneously when water collided with the solid interface even under dark conditions, and its production was quantified by CL.

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) induces apoptosis in primary cortical neurons via stimulating ROS production and NF-κB activation.

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), commonly known as GenX, is a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) which readily accumulates in the brain and exhibits neurotoxic effects. However, the adverse impacts of GenX on neurons and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, primary cortical neurons isolated from neonatal mice were exposed to varying concentrations of GenX to assess cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and morphological alterations.

Evolutionary characterization and pathogenicity of Senecavirus isolated from Shandong, China.

Senecavirus A (SVA), previously called Seneca Valley virus, belongs to the family Picornaviridae, species Senecavirus A, in the Senecavirus genus. SVA infection causes vesicular lesions in sows and a sharp drop in neonatal piglet production. In this study, an SVA strain, SVA/SD/2023, was isolated from a pig farm in North China, and its genome was determined and analyzed.

Integration of Single-Cell RNA and Bulk RNA Sequencing Reveals Cellular Heterogeneity and Identifies Survival-Associated Regulatory Networks in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and devastating brain malignancy with dismal prognosis and extremely limited therapeutic options. Identification of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets from multi-omics data is critical for improving patient outcomes. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of cellular heterogeneity and super-enhancer-driven regulatory networks, which are critically implicated in glioblastoma progression and treatment resistance.

Validity of the Chinese Mandarin version of the compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others for nursing students.

Background: Compassion is a key concept in positive psychology. The value of compassion in hospital settings is evident. Three flows were used to gauge compassion.

Internal jugular vein bypass for central venous obstruction with associated visual impairment.

Central venous obstruction (CVO) is a common complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients that can lead to rare but potentially reversible visual impairment (VI). We report the case of a 50-year-old female with end-stage renal disease and uremic cardiomyopathy, who had received HD through a left radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for 6 years. She presented with progressive swelling in her left arm, chest wall, and face over the past year, along with vision loss and diplopia in the last 6 months.

Genetic diversity and reproductive trait selection signal analysis of Bohuai goats based on whole genome sequencing.

Bohuai goat is a crossbreeding breed between Huai goat and Boer goat, which has higher meat yield and reproductive efficiency. To explore the genetic basis of these traits, we sequenced the whole genome of 289 samples from 8 Chinese local goat populations and Boer goats. Through variation detection and genetic diversity analysis, we identified 68,166,098 SNPs and assessed genetic diversity parameters such as nucleotide diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and homozygous regions (ROH).

Microbial-mediated transformation shapes the molecular diversity of landfill leachate under anthropogenic and natural covariation.

Extensive landfill leachate from human activities is one of the most intractable liquid waste due to the presence of stubborn leachate dissolved organic matter (LDOM) and various pollutants. However, critical driving forces regarding LDOM complexity are still unclear. This study explores relationships between LDOM chemical composition, microbial community, anthropogenic factors and climate conditions based on national-scale landfill leachates in China.

Comparative Study of Corrosion Inhibition Properties of Q345 Steel by Chitosan MOF and Chitosan Schiff Base.

This study synthesized two eco-friendly inhibitors-a chitosan-copper metal-organic framework (CS@Cu MOF) and chitosan-Schiff base-Cu complex (Schiff-CS@Cu)-for Q345 steel protection in 3.5% NaCl/1M HCl. Electrochemical and weight loss analyses demonstrated exceptional corrosion inhibition: untreated specimens showed a 25.

Innate lymphoid cells originate from fetal liver-derived tissue-resident progenitors.

Committed progenitors with innate lymphoid cell (ILC) developmental potential are present in the fetus and bone marrow (BM). However, how fetal and BM hematopoiesis temporally and spatially contribute to ILC pools remains unclear. Here, we elucidated the distinct origins and developmental pathways of extramedullary and intramedullary ILCs in mice during ontogeny.

Unexpected Generation of Singlet Oxygen at the Air-Water Interface of Aqueous Microdroplets.

Singlet oxygen (O) is a classical nonradical reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is of great significance in both natural and engineering environments. Here, we found that O can be generated spontaneously at the air-water interface of microdroplets under dark conditions. O isotope labeled O (O) and water (HO) were used to identify the source and formation pathway of O and previously reported ROS produced in microdroplets.

Hemolymph microbiota and host immunity of crustaceans and mollusks.

None declared.Conflicts of interestCrustaceans and mollusks have major economic importance and are also key players in aquatic biogeochemical cycles. However, disease outbreaks, temperature fluctuations, pollutants, and other stressors have severely threatened their global production.

NLRP3-Mediated PANoptosis and Associated Interventions in Endothelial Injury.

Endothelial cell (EC) injury is highly significant in both health toxicology and cardiovascular disease. In the context of environmental and occupational health, ECs are frequently the frontline responders to pathogens and toxicants. Upon exposure to such agents, endothelial dysfunction ensues, triggering a cascade of cellular fates including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, which together constitute PANoptosis.

Thymol suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo through inducing calcium overload in colorectal cancer.

Background: Thymol, a bioactive phenolic compound, has proven to possess multiple anti-cancer activities, yet the function and underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear.

Objectives: To shed light on the possible therapeutic effects of thymol in CRC based on calcium homeostasis regulation, and seek to explore the molecular pathways of calcium overload in the thymol-induced anti-CRC activity.

Methods: The effects of thymol on cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis, anti-inflammatory effects, and calcium overload phenotype were investigated in HCT116 and CT26 cells.

Virus attacks fish by muscling its way into cells.

Nervous necrosis virus typically enters host cells via endocytosis, but it can also enter via a process called macropinocytosis.

National Assessment of PFAS in Landfill Leachate in China: Non-Negligible Ultrashort-Chain Components and Socioeconomic Impacts.

The persistent leaching of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from landfills poses significant environmental risks, particularly to surrounding water systems. However, information regarding the occurrence and fate of PFAS in landfills across the country is limited. Here we investigated the distribution profiles and sources of 60 PFAS in landfill leachate across 31 provinces in mainland of China, showing the total levels of ∑PFAS from 3.

Emerging Technologies to Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Focus on Nanomaterials and Bioactive Compounds.

Bone tissue damage and associated disorders significantly compromise the quality of life of affected patients, and existing therapeutic options remain limited. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play a crucial role in bone regenerative medicine, owing to their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. Utilizing cutting-edge technologies, nanomaterials, and bioactive compounds can emulate the natural bone tissue microenvironment, offer a three-dimensional scaffold that facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and modulate signals at the molecular level, thereby showing promise for applications in bone regeneration and repair.

-mediated caffeine metabolism involves ferroptosis of osteoblasts in osteoarthritis.

There is a positive causality between coffee consumption and osteoarthritis (OA); however, whether gut microbiota is involved needs to be discussed. Here, we observed that in caffeine consumers, fecal abundance was positively correlated with subchondral bone mass, serum caffeine concentration was negatively correlated with bone mass, and fecal was negatively correlated with serum caffeine. In the OA model, caffeine intake aggravated articular cartilage destruction, bone mass loss, and intestinal barrier damage; on the contrary, paraxanthine intake reversed the above lesions.

Alzheimer's disease as an auto-innate immune pathology with potential cell trans-differentiation and enhanced trained immunity in 3xTg-AD mouse model.

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment. Neuroinflammatory processes, mediated by glial and immune cells, contribute to neuronal damage. Emerging evidence implicates innate immune mechanisms, including trained immunity and cell trans-differentiation, in AD pathogenesis, though their roles remain unclear.

PCSK9 Manipulates Lipid Metabolism and the Immune Microenvironment in Cancer.

Cancer remains the foremost cause of mortality on a global scale. Immunotherapy has yielded remarkable outcomes in the fight against cancer and is regarded as one of the most crucial and promising therapeutic modalities. PCSK9, a critical target for plasma lipids control, has been extensively and deeply studied in multiple diseases.

Unraveling the Highly Reversible Lithiation/Delithiation of Aluminum in Inorganic All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

The all-solid-state lithium battery (ASSLB) is widely regarded as one of the most promising battery systems for the future owing to its high energy density and enhanced safety. However, the spontaneous reaction between the lithium metal and solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) results in the formation of lithium dendrites, which impedes further progress in the use of lithium metal anodes in ASSLBs. Li-In-based anodes have been widely used to address Li anode/SSE interfacial challenges; however, their synthesis and cell fabrication compromise the applicability of ASSLBs.

The experimental study of the effect of fluid shear force on the migration rate of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Background: The vascular endothelium is a continuous monolayer of flattened cells that cover the surface of the lumen of blood vessels. Endothelial cell damage can readily result in thrombus formation and thickening of the intima. Accelerating the migration and repair of peripheral endothelial cells is essential.

Serum amyloid P component suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication through TLR4-mediated IFN-β signaling pathway.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes significant economic losses in many Asian and European countries. It is characterized by lethal watery diarrhea and high mortality rate in piglets. Serum amyloid P component (SAP), a member of acute response phase protein (APP) family, has been reported to play a crucial role in innate immune response against various microbial pathogens.