Occurrence, removal and ecotoxicological assessment of halogenated dissolved organic matter in waste leachates.

Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) from plastics and electronics enter waste streams and leach into the environment. This study analyzed halogenated dissolved organic matter (DOM) in leachates from incineration, composting, and landfill processes using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Incineration leachate contained significantly more halogenated species (879) than composting (548) and landfill leachates (439).

National evaluations of pharmaceutical and personal care products in Chinese landfill leachate: non-negligible socio-economic and rainfall status.

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have received widespread attention owing to their negative effects on the health of ecosystems. While numerous studies monitored the usage of PPCPs, and ignored the systematical investigation of the discarded PPCPs. Here, we collected leachate from 73 landfills across China and detected 52 target PPCPs.

The effect of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals and personal care products on antibiotic resistance genes in landfill refuse should not be underestimated.

Municipal landfills serve as significant reservoirs for pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) as well as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). While most previous studies have focused on antibiotics, there is limited information regarding the occurrence of non-antibiotic PPCPs in landfill refuse and their impact on ARGs. This study systematically investigated the occurrence and evolutionary characteristics of 35 PPCPs, 15 ARGs, and 3 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in landfill refuse of varying ages.

National Assessment of PFAS in Landfill Leachate in China: Non-Negligible Ultrashort-Chain Components and Socioeconomic Impacts.

The persistent leaching of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from landfills poses significant environmental risks, particularly to surrounding water systems. However, information regarding the occurrence and fate of PFAS in landfills across the country is limited. Here we investigated the distribution profiles and sources of 60 PFAS in landfill leachate across 31 provinces in mainland of China, showing the total levels of ∑PFAS from 3.

Landfill depths alter microbial community structure and ecological assembly by affecting δC and organic matter.

Microorganisms are crucial for the degradation of organic matter during landfill. However, the processes of microbial community assembly and ecological niche in landfill are poorly understood. Here, the mechanisms underlying microbial assembly in landfill were investigated based on neutral theory, niche distribution and network analysis.

The community succession mechanisms and interactive dynamics of microorganisms under high salinity and alkalinity conditions during composting.

Microorganisms drive organic matter degradation and humification during composting. However, the mechanisms underlying microbial community succession and their interactions under saline-alkali stress are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the microbial community assembly processes and microbial niche dynamics during composting in the high-saline-alkaline region.

Larger aggregate formed by self-assembly process of the mixture surfactants enhance the dissolution and oxidative removal of non-aqueous phase liquid contaminants in aquifer.

Surfactants can transfer non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants to the aqueous phase, and enhance the removal of the latter in groundwater. However, the extensive use of surfactants causes secondary contamination and increases the non-target consumption of oxidants. It is pressing to develop a surfactant with high phase transfer efficiency and sound compatibility with oxidants to minimize the use of surfactants for groundwater remediation.

Natural and anthropogenic dissolved organic matter in landfill leachate: Composition, transformation, and their coexistence characteristics.

A large number of natural and anthropogenic wastes were landfilled, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were formed during landfill. However, the composition, transformation, and coexistence characteristics of natural and anthropogenic DOM in leachate remain unclear. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectrum were employed to clarify comprehensively the abovementioned question.

The mechanism of microbial community succession and microbial co-occurrence network in soil with compost application.

The application of organic and chemical fertilizer into soil can regulate microbial communities. However, the response mechanism of microbial communities in soil to compost and chemical fertilizer application remain unclear. In this study, compost made of tobacco leaves individually and combined with chemical fertilizer was applied, respectively, to investigate their effect on soil microorganisms during the pot-culture process.

Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in landfill leachate: Concurrence, removal and the influencing factors.

Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) carried by landfilled wastes may enter leachate, and require appropriate treatment before discharge. However, the driving factors of the entry of VOCs and SOVCs into leachate, their removal characteristics during leachate treatment and the dominant factors remain unclear. A global survey of the VOCs and SOVCs in leachate from 103 landfill sites combined with 27 articles on leachate treatment was conducted to clarify the abovementioned question.

Mechanism-based target therapy in primary biliary cholangitis: opportunities before liver cirrhosis?

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an immune-mediated liver disease characterized by cholestasis, biliary injuries, liver fibrosis, and chronic non-suppurative cholangitis. The pathogenesis of PBC is multifactorial and involves immune dysregulation, abnormal bile metabolism, and progressive fibrosis, ultimately leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA) are currently used as first- and second-line treatments, respectively.

Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in landfill gas: Composition characteristics and health risks.

Gas emitted from landfills contains a large quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), some of which are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic, thereby posing a serious threat to the health of landfill workers and nearby residents. However, the global hazards of VOCs and SVOCs in landfill gas to human health remain unclear. To quantify the global risk distributions of these pollutants, we collected the composition and concentration data of VOCs and SVOCs from 72 landfills in 20 countries from the core database of Web of Science and assessed their human health risks as well as analyzed their influencing factors.

Decreased CD57 expression of natural killer cells enhanced cytotoxicity in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background/aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory biliary disease for which the immunopathological basis remains an enigma. Natural killer (NK) cells are key components of innate immunity and seemingly play diversified roles in different autoimmune disorders (AIDs). The aim of this study was to determine the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of PSC.

Recent progress on in-situ chemical oxidation for the remediation of petroleum contaminated soil and groundwater.

Accidental oil leaks and spills can often result in severe soil and groundwater pollution. In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a powerful and efficient remediation technology. In this review, the applications and recent advances of three commonly applied in-situ oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, persulfate, and permanganate), and the gap in remediation efficiency between lab-scale and field-scale applications is critically assessed.

Molecular structure and evolution characteristics of dissolved organic matter in groundwater near landfill: Implications of the identification of leachate leakage.

Landfills can cause groundwater contamination, the pollution characteristics in groundwater near landfill sites have been extensively investigated, while the rapid identification of leachate leakage remained unclear. Comprehensively characterizing dissolved organic matter (DOM) is crucial for tracing the source, species, and migration of contaminants within groundwater and protecting groundwater sources. Here, we showed that DOM composition from newer landfills was mainly composed of newly-produced tryptophan and tyrosine, and protein-like and humic-like substances were more abundant in landfills that were relatively older.

Six Glycolysis-Related Genes as Prognostic Risk Markers Can Predict the Prognosis of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the worst-prognosis malignant tumors. This study used bioinformatic analysis of the transcriptome sequencing data of HNSCC and the patients' survival and clinical data to construct a prediction signature of glycolysis-related genes as the prognostic risk markers.

Methods: Gene expression profile data about HNSCC tissues ( = 498) and normal tissues in the head and neck ( = 44) were got from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), as well as patients' survival and clinical data.

Surfactant-enhanced remediation of oil-contaminated soil and groundwater: A review.

Oil leakage, which is inevitable in the process of extraction, processing, transportation and storage, seriously undermines the soil and groundwater environment. Surfactants can facilitate the migration and solution of oil contaminants from nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) or solid phase to water by reducing the (air/water) surface tension, (oil/water) interfacial tension and micellar solubilization. They can effectively enhance the hydrodynamic driven remediation technologies by improving the contact efficiency of contaminants and liquid remediation agents or microorganism, and have been widely used to enhance the remediation of oil-contaminated sites.

Influence of moisture content on chicken manure stabilization during microbial agent-enhanced composting.

Moisture content (MC) influences substance transformation during composting and the function of exogenous microbial agents. Unsuitable MC could cause leaching, nutrient loss, and secondary contamination. In this study, chicken manure composting with varied MC (45-61%) was conducted under functional microbial agent inoculation to explore the optimum condition for composting and the potential mechanism.

Evolution properties and dechlorination capacities of particulate organic matter from a landfill.

Particulate organic matter (POM) includes humin and non-degradable residues, and the knowledge about its composition, evolution and environmental behavior is limited. The composition, evolution and its influence on dechlorination of the POM in landfill was studied. The results show that POM accounts for 27 %-57 % of the organic matter in landfill cell, which is mainly composed of protein-, fulvic- and humic-like components.

Urolithin A Prevents Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury via Attenuating Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation in Mice.

Neuroinflammation contributes to neuronal death in cerebral ischemia. Urolithin A (UA), a gut microbial metabolite of ellagic acid, has emerged as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. However, its roles and precise mechanisms in stroke remain unknown.

Mechanisms of potentially toxic metal removal from biogas residues via vermicomposting revealed by synchrotron radiation-based spectromicroscopies.

Biogas residues (BR) contaminated with potentially toxic metals pose environmental risks to soils and food chains, and strategies are needed to decrease the concentration and bioavailability of potentially toxic metals in BR. Here, metal fractions and removal mechanisms were quantified by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared and micro X-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopies on BR and earthworms subject to vermicomposting. Vermicomposting resulted in decreases in concentrations of potentially toxic metals in BR and increases in metal removal efficiencies due to uptake by earthworms.

Interaction and coexistence characteristics of dissolved organic matter with toxic metals and pesticides in shallow groundwater.

The long-term and large-scale utilization of fertilizers and pesticides in facility agriculture leads to groundwater pollution. However, the coexistence and interactions between organic fertilizers (i.e.

Clinical Management of Primary Biliary Cholangitis-Strategies and Evolving Trends.

PBC is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder involving the destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts, cholestasis, fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis if left untreated. It is largely driven by the autoimmune response, but bile acids and the intestinal microbiota are implicated in disease progression as well. The only drugs licensed for PBC are UDCA and OCA.

Redox properties and dechlorination capacities of landfill-derived humic-like acids.

Electron transfer capacities (ETC) of humic-like acids (HLA) and their effects on dechlorination are dependent on their redox-active properties. Aging and minerals can affect the chemical compositions and structures of HLA. However, the underlying mechanism and the impacts on the dechlorination capacities of HLA are poorly understood.