Abnormal brain functional activity and changes in c-Fos expression of propofol dependence in rats.

Propofol demonstrates dependence at subclinical anesthetic doses, however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a self-administration model of propofol in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, used a combination of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis approach of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine the local brain functional activity changes, Western Blot (WB) was used to detect the change of c-Fos protein expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results showed that the propofol-dependent rats exhibited enhanced seeking behaviour and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity compared to saline control group, while increased ALFF values in the bilateral prefrontal cortex and right hippocampus, and increased ReHo values in the left striatum and pons.

Probing impact of sleep deprivation on hippocampal neurochemistry in rats using CEST imaging and H-MRS at 7.0T MRI.

Purpose: Sleep is a physiological process that plays a crucial role in maintaining cognitive functions. The hippocampus, a key brain region implicated in cognition, is particularly sensitive to sleep deprivation. we aim to investigate impact of sleep deprivation on hippocampal neurochemistry in rats using CEST imaging and H-MRS.

3.0 T multi-parametric MRI combined with clinical features improve malignancy prediction of BI-RADS 4 lesions and preoperative prediction of Nottingham Prognostic Index.

Purpose: To establish an optimal model to improve the malignancy prediction of BI-RADS 4 lesions and the preoperative prediction of tumor prognosis.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-six patients with 126 histopathology-confirmed breast lesions were included in the study. Conventional imaging features, radiomic features based on 3.

[Clinical and genetic analysis of a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome caused by a SMAD3 gene variant].

Objective: To explore the genetic basis of a patient suspected for Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS).

Methods: A adult male patient with aneurysmal dilation of the aortic root identified during the treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia at Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University in 2021 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the patient were retrospectively collected.

Investigating the mechanism of inositol against paclitaxel chemoresistance on triple-negative breast cancer by using 7T multiparametric MRI and mitochondrial changes.

Background: The emerging triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatments target mitochondrial fission to combat paclitaxel (PTX) resistance. Inositol's inhibition of this process makes it a potential therapy. Multiparametric MRI provides an early and effective assessment of these innovations.

Detecting Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species in the Brain by GSH-Thiol-Weighted Imaging via Variable Delay Multipulse Chemical-Exchange Saturation Transfer.

: Detecting changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for understanding its role in brain health and diseases. We assumed that GSH-thiol-weighted imaging could potentially reflect subtle changes in the ROS in the microenvironment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the capability of GSH-thiol-weighted imaging via VDMP-CEST in detecting alterations of ROS within the brain.

Exploring the cellular and molecular basis of murine cardiac development through spatiotemporal transcriptome sequencing.

Background: Spatial transcriptomics is a powerful tool that integrates molecular data with spatial information, thereby facilitating a deeper comprehension of tissue morphology and cellular interactions. In our study, we utilized cutting-edge spatial transcriptome sequencing technology to explore the development of the mouse heart and construct a comprehensive spatiotemporal cell atlas of early murine cardiac development.

Results: Through the analysis of this atlas, we elucidated the spatial organization of cardiac cellular lineages and their interactions during the developmental process.

Evaluation of a Novel Gd-FAPI Dimer Molecular Probe Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein for Imaging of Solid Tumors.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are essential components of the tumor microenvironment. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in CAFs. FAP-targeted molecular imaging agents, including the FAP inhibitors (FAPIs), have shown promising results in tumor diagnosis.

CEST imaging combined with H-MRS reveal the neuroprotective effects of riluzole by improving neurotransmitter imbalances in Alzheimer's disease mice.

Background: The imbalance of glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Riluzole is a Glu modulator originally approved for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has shown potential neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative disorders. However, whether riluzole can improve Glu and GABA homeostasis in AD brain and its related mechanism of action remain unknown.

Exploring the impact of APOE ɛ4 on functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease across cognitive impairment levels.

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is a recognized genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Studies have shown that APOE ɛ4 mediates the modulation of intrinsic functional brain networks in cognitively normal individuals and significantly disrupts the whole-brain topological structure in AD patients. However, how APOE ɛ4 regulates brain functional connectivity (FC) and consequently affects the levels of cognitive impairment in AD patients remains unknown.

Visualization of Unconjugated Bilirubin In Vivo with a Novel Approach Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Rat Model.

Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) visualization is valuable for early bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) diagnosis and management. UCB neurotoxicity is a challenge, necessitating improved imaging modalities for precise localization and characterization. This study developed a noninvasive method for UCB imaging in the brain using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging, which visualizes UCB distribution through amide-bulk water proton exchange, a process termed bilirubin CEST (Bil-CEST) imaging.

Early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis via handwriting with self-attention mechanisms.

Background: The neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) can result in progressive decline in both cognitive functions and motor skills, which have critical need for accurate early diagnosis. However, current diagnosis approaches primarily rely on timely clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, which impede widely application for potential patients. Leveraging handwriting as a diagnostic tool offers significant potential for identifying AD in its early stages.

Ketamine induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and barrier and hippocampal dysfunction in rats.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) plays a pivotal role in drug addiction. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of MGBA in ketamine addiction remains elusive. The present study investigated the ketamine-induced gut microbiota disorders, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and the alterations in brain function, using a conditioned place preference (CPP) model of ketamine addiction in rats.

APOE ε4-associated downregulation of the IL-7/IL-7R pathway in effector memory T cells: Implications for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele exerts a significant influence on peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Methods: The present study enrolled 54 patients diagnosed with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD; including 28 APOE ε4 carriers and 26 non-carriers). Plasma inflammatory cytokine concentration was assessed, alongside bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

A multi-view fusion lightweight network for CRSwNPs prediction on CT images.

Accurate preoperative differentiation of the chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) endotype between eosinophilic CRS (eCRS) and non-eosinophilic CRS (non-eCRS) is an important topic in predicting postoperative outcomes and administering personalized treatment. To this end, we have constructed a sinus CT dataset, which comprises CT scan data and pathological biopsy results from 192 patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College between 2020 and 2022. To differentiate CRSwNP endotype on preoperative CT and improve efficiency at the same time, we developed a multi-view fusion model that contains a mini-architecture with each network of 10 layers by modifying the deep residual neural network.

A ResNet mini architecture for brain age prediction.

The brain presents age-related structural and functional changes in the human life, with different extends between subjects and groups. Brain age prediction can be used to evaluate the development and aging of human brain, as well as providing valuable information for neurodevelopment and disease diagnosis. Many contributions have been made for this purpose, resorting to different machine learning methods.

Multimodal data fusion reveals functional and neurochemical correlates of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Neurotransmitter deficits and spatial associations among neurotransmitter distribution, brain activity, and clinical features in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear. Better understanding of neurotransmitter impairments in PD may provide potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the spatial relationship between PD-related patterns and neurotransmitter deficits.

NMR and MS reveal characteristic metabolome atlas and optimize esophageal squamous cell carcinoma early detection.

Metabolic changes precede malignant histology. However, it remains unclear whether detectable characteristic metabolome exists in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and biofluids for early diagnosis. Here, we conduct NMR- and MS-based metabolomics on 1,153 matched ESCC tissues, normal mucosae, pre- and one-week post-operative sera and urines from 560 participants across three hospitals, with machine learning and WGCNA.

3.0 T multi-parametric MRI reveals metabolic and microstructural abnormalities in the posterior visual pathways in patients with thyroid eye disease.

Introduction: We aim to explore the microstructural and metabolic changes in visual pathways in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) using 3T multi-parametric MRI.

Methods: Thirty-four TED patients (inactive group = 20; active group = 14; acute group = 18; chronic group = 16) and 12 healthy controls (HC) were recruited from November 2020 to July 2021. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS), glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) were performed on 3.

Deep learning for dense Z-spectra reconstruction from CEST images at sparse frequency offsets.

A direct way to reduce scan time for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to reduce the number of CEST images acquired in experiments. In some scenarios, a sufficient number of CEST images acquired in experiments was needed to estimate parameters for quantitative analysis, and this prolonged the scan time. For that, we aim to develop a general deep-learning framework to reconstruct dense CEST Z-spectra from experimentally acquired images at sparse frequency offsets so as to reduce the number of experimentally acquired CEST images and achieve scan time reduction.

Imaging of brain clearance pathways via MRI assessment of the glymphatic system.

Glymphatic clearance dysfunction may play an important role in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and the progression of ageing. However, imaging of the glymphatic system is challenging. In this study, we describe an MRI method based on chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) of the Angiopep-2 probe to visualize the clearance function of the glymphatic system.

Repurposing of the PET Probe Prototype PiB for Label and Radiation-Free CEST MRI Molecular Imaging of Amyloid.

Positron emission tomography (PET) probes are specific and sensitive while suffering from radiation risk. It is worthwhile to explore the chemical emission saturation transfer (CEST) effects of the probe prototypes and repurpose them for CEST imaging to avoid radiation. In this study, we used C-PiB as an example of a PET probe for detecting amyloid and tested the feasibility of repurposing this PET probe prototype, PiB, for CEST imaging.

γ-Aminobutyric acid as a biomarker of the lateralizing and monitoring drug effect in patients with magnetic resonance imaging-negative temporal lobe epilepsy.

Introduction: Despite verifying proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) for focal localization in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), it is necessary to illustrate metabolic changes and screen for effective biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic effect. We used H-MRS to investigate the role of metabolic levels in MRI-negative TLE.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-seven patients ( = 37, 14 women) and 20 healthy controls ( = 20, 11 women) were investigated by H-MRS.