Heating Coil Corrosion by E-Liquid Containing Nicotine Lactate Salt and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Nickel Leachate in E-Liquid and E-Cigarette Aerosol.

Nicotine lactate salt is one of the commonly used nicotine salts in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) formulations, including products that have received Marketing Granted Orders through the FDA's Premarket Tobacco Product Application (PMTA) evaluation in the US. However, full-life cycle evaluation on nicotine lactate salt remains limited, especially its leaching reactions with heating elements and the potential to influence aerosol composition. This study investigated the chemical effects of nicotine lactate salt on e-cigarette heating coils and potential toxicological consequences of nickel (Ni) leachates using in vitro cells and animal models.

Application of three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characterization and chemometrics in the analysis of traceability of Paeoniae Radix Rubra.

Natural products are treasure troves of resources that the environment has given upon humans and are directly linked to human health and well-being. Extracting natural products from medicinal plants is the material basis for treating various diseases but the natural product content of the same medicinal plant can vary due to environmental conditions, which may exert an influence on the therapeutic outcome. Since the existing identification methods for the origin of medicinal plants are cumbersome, it is necessary to find a easy, quick, and accurate way to trace the origins of medicinal plants and ensures the quality of natural products.

Genistein ameliorates thoracic aortic dissection by inhibiting CB1 receptor hyperactivation and modulating its-mediated cAMP-PKA signaling.

Background: Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a fatal cardiovascular disease characterized by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic remodeling and inflammation. Cannabinoid 1 (CB1/Cnr1) receptor has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, but its role in TAD and its downstream signaling remains unclear. Genistein (Gen), an isoflavone abundant in legumes, has demonstrated promising therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases such as vascular calcification, hypertension, and atherosclerosis due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory properties.

Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Metaverse Era: A Review on Models and Applications.

The Metaverse is a decentralized, immersive 3-dimensional virtual environment that merges the physical and virtual worlds, fundamentally transforming digital interaction and garnering widespread attention. However, its primary platforms face challenges such as low-quality content and underdeveloped virtual environments, leading to a subpar user experience. Artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) has emerged as a key driver in Metaverse development, enabling the efficient and cost-effective creation of digital content.

Strategies to Enhance Health Communication Participation Among Medical Students in Chinese Universities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Health communication is the central social process that refers to the systematic dissemination of evidence-based health information to improve public health literacy and promote healthy behaviors. Medical students' participation in health communication is an effective way to improve public health. This study aimed to explore the current status and influencing factors of medical students' participation in health communication and offer specific suggestions.

Diastereodivergent synthesis of multi-substituted cycloalkanes.

The escape from flat aromatic architectures towards saturated structures enriched with an increased proportion of sp atoms (Fsp) has been harnessed as a drug design strategy. Chemical synthesis of drug-like saturated cycloalkanes, particularly in terms of the precise control of substituents either on the same or opposing faces of the ring plane, poses greater complexities than the assembly of their two-dimensional aromatic analogues. Reliable and predictable divergent synthesis of all isomers of multi-substituted cycloalkanes continues to pose a formidable challenge.

Can the contralateral systematic prostate biopsy be omitted in men with unilateral index lesion on MRI? A single-center retrospective study.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of combining prostate targeted biopsy (TB) with ipsilateral systematic biopsy (iSB) for men with unilateral index lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 654 patients with unilateral index lesion (PI-RADS ≥ 3) on MRI who underwent prostate target biopsy combined with 12-core systematic biopsy (SB) between January 2022 to February 2023. The index lesion was defined as the lesion with the highest PI-RADS score or, in cases of multiple lesions with the same highest score, the one with the largest diameter.

Light-up RNA aptamer-based T-NASBA: a one-pot, label-free strategy for miRNA detection.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal regulators of cellular processes, with dysregulation linked to diverse diseases, particularly cancer. Current methods, while effective, are often expensive, complex, and require sophisticated equipment. To address these limitations, we developed a label-free, one-pot miRNA detection platform integrating toehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD) with nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA).

A new strategy for skeletal muscle wound age estimation using machine learning and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: Eliminating early postmortem interference.

Accurate wound age estimation is of great significance in forensic practice. However, postmortem changes often obscure or even obliterate the biological information of skeletal muscle injuries, making it extremely challenging to accurately estimate their age. In this study, we combined ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with multiple machine learning algorithms to establish three regression models optimized by genetic algorithms (GA-Ridge, GA-Lasso, and GA-PLS) to estimate wound age in skeletal muscle, targeting the impact of early post-mortem changes.

Bright triplet and bright charge-separated singlet excitons in organic diradicals enable optical read-out and writing of spin states.

Optical control of electron spin states is important for quantum sensing and computing applications, as developed with the diamond nitrogen vacancy centre. This requires electronic excitations, excitons, with net spin. Here we report a molecular diradical where two trityl radical groups are coupled via a meta-linked fluorene bridge.

Transcription factor FTD1 mediates brassinosteroid signaling and maintains MONOCULM 1 stability to regulate rice tillering.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are polyhydroxylated steroid phytohormones that regulate important agronomic traits, including tiller number in rice (Oryza sativa L.), although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we isolated the rice mutant fewer tillers and dwarf 1 (ftd1).

Infrared Detection Achieved by Controlling Thermionic Emission in Organic Transistors.

Commercial inorganic infrared (IR) photodetectors have important applications in night vision, medical imaging, remote sensing, and other fields, but still face the challenges of operating at low temperatures and high costs. Organic semiconductor (OSC)-based IR detectors can operate at room temperature and have the advantages of flexibility and large-area processing. Consequently, they have important application prospects.

Microwave Annealing-Enabled Defect Healing for High-Performance and Stable Organic Transistors and Circuits.

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are promising candidates for use in next-generation electronic devices. However, organic semiconductors (OSCs) exhibit low crystallinity and weak van der Waals (vdW) forces, which makes them prone to defect formation, resulting in localized states in the bandgap that can trap charge carriers. This seriously limits the performance and stability of OFETs, which typically exhibit high contact resistance (R) and poor operational stability.

[Effects of Bortezomib Combined with Polyphyllin Ⅶ on Proliferation, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress of Myeloma Cells].

Objective: To investigate the effects of bortezomib (BTZ) combined with polyphyllin Ⅶ (PP7) on proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative stress of myeloma cell line ARH-77.

Methods: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of BTZ, PP7 monotherapy, and their combination on the proliferation of ARH-77 cells. In subsequent experiments, the cells were divided into 4 groups: control group (no drug added), BTZ (15 nmol/L) group, PP7 (1.

3.0 T multi-parametric MRI combined with clinical features improve malignancy prediction of BI-RADS 4 lesions and preoperative prediction of Nottingham Prognostic Index.

Purpose: To establish an optimal model to improve the malignancy prediction of BI-RADS 4 lesions and the preoperative prediction of tumor prognosis.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-six patients with 126 histopathology-confirmed breast lesions were included in the study. Conventional imaging features, radiomic features based on 3.

Efficacy and safety of PEGylated uricase in healthy adults and patients with hyperuricaemia: A phase I, randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled trial.

Aims: This Phase I trial aimed to evaluate the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), and immunogenicity of PEGylated uricase (PEG-UOX) in healthy adults and patients with hyperuricaemia.

Methods: A total of 48 subjects-24 healthy adults and 24 patients with hyperuricaemia-were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study. Participants received a single intravenous dose of PEG-UOX ranging from 0.

Continuous vs. intermittent meropenem infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis.

Background: A recent large multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that continuous infusion (CI) of meropenem did not improve clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, contradicting previous meta-analysis results.

Methods: We conducted a search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases up to March 19, 2024.

Results: Our study included a total of 1,075 critically ill patients with sepsis from five RCTs.

Cholinergic neuron-to-glioblastoma synapses in a human iPSC-derived co-culture model.

Glioblastoma (GBM) integrates extensively into brain-wide neuronal circuits; however, neuron-tumor interactions have largely been studied with glutamatergic neurons in animal models. The role of neuromodulatory circuits for GBM biology in all-human cell systems remains unclear. Here, we report a co-culture system employing patient-derived GBM organoids and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cholinergic neurons.

Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis identifies keratins as key regulators of corneal scarring in a murine model.

To elucidate the mechanism underlying corneal scarring, a murine model of corneal scarring was subjected to transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to explore changes in mRNA and protein levels during scar formation. A surgical model of stromal injury was established, and corneal tissue was harvested 3 weeks post-wounding and subjected to RNA sequencing and tandem mass tag proteomics. A total of 420 differentially expressed genes and 463 differentially expressed proteins were detected, of which 54 were commonly altered.

Dauriporphine inhibited lung cancer cell viability, motility, and energy metabolism through the miR-424-5p/MAPK14 axis.

Background: Dauriporphine is a major ingredient of Manispernum daericum DC., which has been demonstrated to show wide anti-tumor activities. miR-424-5p, as a regulator of lung cancer, was hypothesized to serve as the therapeutic target for dauriporphine This study evaluated the potential of dauriporphine in treating lung adenocarcinoma and revealed the underlying molecular mechanism.

Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction in keratoconus: Insights into ACSL4 from machine learning-based bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses and experimental validation.

Keratoconus (KC) is a prevalent ectatic corneal disease and the leading cause of corneal transplantation globally. Despite evidence of mitochondrial abnormalities in KC, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in this pathological condition.

Multi-heterostructure and surface free radicals induced enhanced ammonia gas sensing performance of polyaniline/tin phosphide/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide at room temperature.

Exploration of novel sensing materials and sensing strategies to provide highly sensitive and selective ammonia (NH) gas detection is imperative for environmental pollution monitoring. Herein, a multi-heterostructure and surface free radical activation strategy is employed to enhance the NH sensing performance of tin phosphide (SnP) at room temperature (RT). Characterizations confirm the uniform dispersion of SnP on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) and the effective coating of polyaniline (PANI) film.

Therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells for stem cell regulation: Insights from Treg-mediated enhancement of limbal stem cell functions.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. Limbal stem cells (LSCs) maintain corneal epithelial homeostasis, and LSC deficiency (LSCD) leads to visual impairment. Current LSCD treatments face donor shortages and graft rejection risks.

GPNMB Expression Identifies FLCN-Associated Eosinophilic Renal Tumors With Heterogeneous Clinicopathologic Spectrum and Gene Expression Profiles.

FLCN-associated eosinophilic renal tumors mainly refer to hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumors (HOCT) and other oncocytic tumors related to Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, which can sometimes occur sporadically. Accurate diagnosis of FLCN-associated tumors is challenging due to their morphologic heterogeneity and the lack of reliable biomarkers. We evaluated the clinicopathologic and IHC profiles of 18 eosinophilic renal tumors with targeted DNA sequencing-confirmed FLCN mutations, including 10 typical HOCT and 8 unclassified tumors.

The highly specific fluorescence visualization of mitochondrial peroxynitrite a naphthalimide probe.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO), a reactive nitrogen species with potent oxidative capacity, induces cell death through chemical modifications of biomolecules including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, while being implicated in the occurrence of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer. The development of precise monitoring tools is therefore critical for elucidating its pathophysiological mechanisms. Given the mitochondrial predominance in ONOO biosynthesis, we engineered Mito-NAP-ONOO, a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe featuring (4-methoxyphenylthiophenyl)carbonyl as the recognition moiety, pyridine for mitochondrial localization and naphthalimide as the fluorogenic core.