Large language models enable tumor-type classification and localization of cancers of unknown primary from genomic data.

Tumor-type classification is critical for effective cancer treatment, yet current methods based on genomic alterations lack flexibility and have limited performance. Here, we introduce OncoChat, an artificial intelligence (AI) model designed to classify 69 tumor types by integrating diverse genomic alterations. Developed on genomic data from 158,836 tumors sequenced with targeted cancer gene panels, OncoChat demonstrates superior performance, achieving a micro-averaged precision-recall area under the curve (PRAUC) of 0.

Coronary microvascular disease in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

The prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing because of an aging population and an unhealthy, sedentary lifestyle, predisposing to diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. A substantial proportion of patients with HFpEF exhibits coronary microvascular disease (CMD), and the combination of CMD with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is associated with worse outcomes. Distinct patient clusters within HFpEF populations are based on clinical and biomarker profiles, each with unique prognoses and comorbidity patterns.

MOOC construction for life education in Chinese universities: an analytical study.

Background: With the advancement of the Chinese "Internet Plus" paradigm, life education has expended through the implementation of Massive open online courses (MOOCs). However, limited research has focused on the present condition and attributes of the building of Chinese life education MOOCs.

Objectives: To systematically analyze the current status and attributes of life education MOOCs in China, assess the quality of the courses, and give a reference for the development of life education MOOCs in the country.

Exopolysaccharide-producing strains alter heavy metal fates and bacterial communities in soil aggregates to reduce metal uptake by pakchoi.

The characteristics of heavy metals in soil aggregates represent critical factors influencing the uptake of heavy metals by crops. However, the mechanisms underlying the immobilization of Cd and Pb by soil aggregates of different particle sizes mediated by exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacteria have remained poorly understood. In this study, a selective medium was employed to isolate and screen EPS-producing bacteria from the heavy metal-contaminated soil, with their mechanisms of Cd and Pb immobilization investigated through solution adsorption experiments.

Using urban-suburban difference of atmospheric CO to evaluate carbon neutrality capacity in Hangzhou, China.

China is the largest emitter of anthropogenic CO globally, with its cities recognized as significant emission hotspots. Consequently, evaluating anthropogenic CO emissions and the carbon neutral capability (CNC) of Chinese cities is critical for climate change mitigation. Despite this importance, no studies to date have assessed recent and future city-scale CNCs using the top-down atmospheric inversion approach, revealing substantial knowledge gaps regarding regional CO budgets.

Reducing Cd Uptake by Wheat Through Rhizosphere Soil N-C Cycling and Bacterial Community Modulation by Urease-Producing Bacteria and Organo-Fe Hydroxide Coprecipitates.

The bioavailability of heavy metals is profoundly influenced by their interactions with active soil components (microorganisms, organic matter, and iron minerals). However, the effects of urease-producing bacteria combined with organo-Fe hydroxide coprecipitates (OFCs) on Cd accumulation in wheat, as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects, remain unclear. In this study, pot experiments integrated with high-throughput sequencing were employed to investigate the impacts of the urease-producing bacterial strain TJ6, ferrihydrite (Fh), and OFCs on Cd enrichment in wheat grains, alongside the underlying soil-microbial mechanisms.

[Clinical and genetic analysis of a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome caused by a SMAD3 gene variant].

Objective: To explore the genetic basis of a patient suspected for Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS).

Methods: A adult male patient with aneurysmal dilation of the aortic root identified during the treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia at Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University in 2021 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the patient were retrospectively collected.

The Predictive Role of FGF21 in Acute Liver Injury Caused by Bacterial Infectious Diseases in Critical Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Acute liver injury (ALI) is a common complication in critically ill patients and has been strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Early detection and timely management of ALI in these patients are crucial for implementing effective therapeutic strategies to prevent disease progression and improve patient outcomes.

Methods: In this study, 112 critically ill patients with bacterial infectious diseases were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of ALI within 24 hours of the intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Observed CO concentration reveals steep decrease of anthropogenic emissions in winters of 2021 and 2022 in Hangzhou and Yangtze River Delta region, China.

After the initial prevention of COVID-19 in early 2020, China gradually lifted its control measures in the latter half of 2020, leading to a rebound in anthropogenic CO emissions. However, the emergence of a COVID-19 variant in late 2021, particularly in densely populated and economically developed areas, prompted the reimplementation of stringent confinement measures. Furthermore, with the policy shift towards achieving "herd immunity", China fully lifted pandemic control measures in December 2022, resulting in the unrestricted movement of residents and facilitating the widespread transmission of COVID-19 in the ensuing months.

Effectiveness of finerenone in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease with microalbuminuria: A retrospective real-world study.

Aim: No studies have specifically examined the effects of finerenone in treating type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and microalbuminuria. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of finerenone in this group of patients.

Methods: This retrospective real-world study (ChiCTR2400087169) included type 2 diabetes outpatients with CKD from the Peking University First Hospital between March 2023 and March 2024.

Endocrine adverse reactions of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were recognized to cause endocrine adverse reactions (EARs). However, combination therapy-associated EARs are still unclear.

Methods: This was a retrospective study based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on proteinuria and weight in a diabetes cohort.

Background: With accumulating evidence showing a benefit in the renal and cardiovascular systems, diabetes guidelines recommend that patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) be treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and/or glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for renal protection. The real-world efficacy of the two medications on the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains to be explored.

Aim: To evaluate the SGLT2i and GLP-1RA application rates and UACR alterations after intervention in a real-world cohort of patients with diabetes.

Perspectives on Stringent Glycemic Control and Weight Loss Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Survey Study.

Introduction: Although current guidelines for type 2 diabetes (T2D) underscored the importance of attaining glycemic control and weight management goals, the patient perspectives on achieving these goals remained unclear in China. This study aimed to understand Chinese patients' perspectives on stringent glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≤ 6.5%) and weight loss (≥ 10%) and their treatment preferences.

Revising the coal mining CH emission factor based on multiple inventories and atmospheric inversion approach at one of the world's largest coal production areas: Shanxi province, China.

Methane (CH) emissions from the coal industry represent a substantial portion of anthropogenic CH emissions from energy-related activities. China ranks as the world's largest coal producer, where Shanxi Province is one of its major coal production regions and accounts for 20.7 % of the national total coal production.

An interventional study of digital therapy on blood glucose and weight management in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-months digital therapy (DTx) intervention in the real world for the management of blood glucose in 3,902 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Lingshui, Hainan.

Methods: Adults with T2D who were capable of using DTx application (app) were enrolled. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), and body weight before and after the intervention were collected.

A kidney protection nanoparticle based on Alpinia oxyphylla fructus polysaccharide by modulating macrophage polarization.

The use of natural polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine as carrier materials has great potentiality in drug delivery. Nootkatone (NKT) demonstrated good pharmacological activity in treating kidney injury, but its solubility and bioavailability are not very good which may affect the effectiveness of its therapeutic effect. Alpinia oxyphylla fructus polysaccharide (AOP), as a plant polysaccharide, has multiple pharmacological activities and may help to provide synergy for NKT.

Maternal high-fat diet orchestrates offspring hepatic cholesterol metabolism via MEF2A hypermethylation-mediated CYP7A1 suppression.

Background: Maternal overnutrition, prevalent among women of childbearing age, significantly impacts offspring health throughout their lifetime. While DNA methylation of metabolic-related genes mediates the transmission of detrimental effects from maternal high-fat diet (HFD), its role in programming hepatic cholesterol metabolism in offspring, particularly during weaning, remains elusive.

Methods: Female C57BL/6 J mice were administered a HFD or control diet, before and during, gestation and lactation.

A biweekly DPP-4 inhibitor cofrogliptin monotherapy in Chinese patients with impaired glucose tolerance: A phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial.

Aims: To assess the efficacy and safety of cofrogliptin for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Methods: In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial, IGT patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive cofrogliptin 10 mg, cofrogliptin 25 mg or placebo once biweekly. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in glucose total AUC during meal tolerance test (MTT) at week 12.

Accuracy of self-reported height, weight, and waist circumference in poor, rural areas of China.

Objectives: There are differing opinions and findings about the accuracy of self-reported data. This study sought to assess the accuracy of self-reported height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) data among adult residents in poor, rural areas of China.

Methods: Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to sample rural adult residents in Jinzhai County.

Switching from Premixed Insulin to Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications of a Real-World Study on Insulin Degludec Dosing.

Introduction: When switching from premixed insulin to insulin degludec/aspart (IDegAsp), IDegAsp usually starts at the same dose as the premixed insulin according to limited clinical experience or at a dose according to clinician discretion. The dose of insulin degludec used in the real world after switching has been poorly investigated.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes who switched from premixed insulin to IDegAsp from October 2016 to December 2023.

Saturation association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and mortality in elderly people with hyperlipidemia: a population-based study from the NHANES (2001-2016).

Background: 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the body's main storage form of vitamin D and is internationally recognized as the best indicator of vitamin D status in the human body. There is a scarcity of research investigating the interrelationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and mortality among elderly individuals with hyperlipidemia. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and mortality in an older hyperlipidemic population from NHANES, while controlling for other influential factors.

[Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus with acute pancreatitis: A case report and literature review].

The objective was to report a relatively rare case of fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1DM) complicated with acute pancreatitis (AP), to summarize the characteristics as well as experience of diagnosis and treatment, and to explore its pathogenesis. Clinical data of a case of FT1DM complicated with AP in the Department of Endocrinology of our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. A 66-year-old male presented with acute fever and abdominal pain, accompanying with the significantly elevated pancreatic enzymes, and his abdominal CT scan showed exudation around the pancreas.