Large language models enable tumor-type classification and localization of cancers of unknown primary from genomic data.

Tumor-type classification is critical for effective cancer treatment, yet current methods based on genomic alterations lack flexibility and have limited performance. Here, we introduce OncoChat, an artificial intelligence (AI) model designed to classify 69 tumor types by integrating diverse genomic alterations. Developed on genomic data from 158,836 tumors sequenced with targeted cancer gene panels, OncoChat demonstrates superior performance, achieving a micro-averaged precision-recall area under the curve (PRAUC) of 0.

Comparison of Combined Letrozole and Clomiphene Citrate With Gonadotropin Microstimulation Protocols on Fertility Outcomes.

Purpose: Large-scale data comparing the effects of combined letrozole (LE) and clomiphene citrate (CC) with gonadotropin (Gn) microstimulation protocols on pregnancy outcomes are lacking. This study aimed to compare the effects of CC + Gn and LE + Gn microstimulation protocols on fertility outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to include infertile patients between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022.

Electrically driven lasing from a dual-cavity perovskite device.

Solution-processed semiconductor lasers promise lightweight, wearable and scalable optoelectronic applications. Among the gain media for solution-processed lasers, metal halide perovskites stand out as an exceptional class because of their ability to achieve wavelength-adjustable, low-threshold lasing under optical pumping. Despite the progress in this field, electrically driven lasing from perovskite semiconductors remains a critical challenge.

Transcription Factor TrStuA Regulates Vegetative Growth, Virulence, and Trichothecin Synthesis in .

, a postharvest apple pathogen, produces the mycotoxin trichothecin (TCN), which poses a significant threat to human health. However, the regulatory function on TCN synthesis in is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized functions of the APSES-type transcription factor StuA in .

Three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual simulation of patient-specific anatomy for procedural planning in thoracoscopic segmentectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Three-dimensional reconstruction of patient-specific anatomy and virtual simulation for procedural planning in thoracoscopic segmentectomy could theoretically improve the clinical outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the contemporary evidence to test this hypothesis.

Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) were searched for articles published before 12 October 2024.

From the perspective of dynamic changes in BMI: the relationship between BMI trajectories and dysglycemia, all-cause mortality.

Objectives: The aim was to explore the body mass index (BMI) trajectory over dynamic time and its relationship with the dysglycemia (including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and prediabetes), all-cause mortality, and insulin resistance.

Methods: The latent category trajectory model (LCTM) is used to identify the BMI trajectories. Logistic and Cox regression were fitted to assess the correlation between BMI trajectories/weight changes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)/prediabetes.

Correction: Kuang et al. Investigation and Characterization of Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Alkali-Treated Zein (AZ)/Sodium Alginate (SA) Composite Particles. 2023, , 3164.

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Metagenomics reveals an increased proportion of an -dominated enterotype in elderly Chinese people.

Gut microbial communities are likely remodeled in tandem with accumulated physiological decline during aging, yet there is limited understanding of gut microbiome variation in advanced age. Here, we performed a metagenomics-based enterotype analysis in a geographically homogeneous cohort of 367 enrolled Chinese individuals between the ages of 60 and 94 years, with the goal of characterizing the gut microbiome of elderly individuals and identifying factors linked to enterotype variations. In addition to two adult-like enterotypes dominated by (ET-) and (ET-), we identified a novel enterotype dominated by (ET-), whose prevalence increased in advanced age.

Enhancing Thermal Tolerance for Bright and Stable Near-Infrared Perovskite LEDs.

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation display technologies, owing to their high efficiency and color purity. However, the operational instability of PeLEDs at high current densities (>100 mA cm) remains a significant challenge. Here, near-infrared (≈797 nm) PeLEDs are reported with peak external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of ≈24.

A Single-Sector Higher Throughput Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation Method for Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Empty and Full Ratio Analysis.

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has emerged as one of the most important gene delivery vectors in the field of gene therapy due to its unique advantages and characteristics. The empty and full ratio is a critical quality attribute in the quality control (QC) of rAAV, and its accurate evaluation is crucial for ensuring the safety, effectiveness, and consistency of gene therapy products. Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) technology, with its high resolution and accuracy, is widely recognized by the industry as the gold standard for identifying the empty and full ratio of rAAV.

Delivery of Itgb1-siRNA by triptolide-modified and anti-Flt1 peptide-guided ionizable cationic LNPs for targeted therapy of corneal neovascularization.

Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. However, CoNV remains challenging to cure clinically because of the limitations of current drugs. New and more effective therapeutic formulations for CoNV treatment are therefore urgently needed.

Calpain1 inhibition enhances autophagy-lysosomal pathway and ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in Nephronophthisis.

Background: Nephronophthisis (NPH) is classified under the category of renal ciliopathies and is the most common genetic disease leading to renal failure in children. Early-onset and progressive renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis represents one of the most significant features, culminating in renal insufficiency. However, the molecular mechanism of tubulointerstitial fibrosis remains unclear.

The impact of recurrent mitral regurgitation after surgical or transcatheter mitral valve repair: a comprehensive review and a meta-analysis.

Background: Recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR) is typically defined as MR that is moderate or severe on follow-up echocardiography after the intervention. This meta-analysis summarizes the results of all available studies on the impact of recurrent MR on clinical outcomes after the intervention.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched from January 2000 to August 2024 for original studies reporting outcomes about the clinical impact of recurrent MR.

Association between tooth loss and geriatric syndromes in older adults: a cohort study from a rural area in eastern China.

Background: Tooth loss was linked to health status, with substantial implications for malnutrition and chronic inflammation risks in older adults, especially among vulnerable groups. This study aimed to explore the associations between tooth loss severity, denture status, and geriatric syndromes.

Methods: In 2019, 1094 participants were recruited and subjected to face-to-face interview to assess tooth loss severity, along with grip strength and body composition.

A Noninvasive Nanoeyedrop Therapy for the Inhibition of Uveal Melanoma: Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid-Based Bioswitchable MicroRNA Delivery System.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular malignancy, exhibiting pronounced invasive characteristics and a dismal prognosis. Conventional therapeutic modalities, including radiotherapy, laser therapy, and surgery, are frequently invasive and can lead to complications, underscoring the need for the development of efficacious, safe, and noninvasive therapeutic approaches. This study investigated a tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA)-based bioswitchable microRNA (miRNA) delivery system, designated BiRDS, engineered for the inhibition of UM through the use of miRNA suppressors via noninvasive eyedrops.

Engineering Komagataella phaffii to produce lycopene sustainably from glucose or methanol.

Lycopene, a potent carotenoid with high antioxidant capacity and extensive applications, holds significant potential for sustainable production via microbial engineering, particularly with the rising interest in methanol as an ideal non-grain feedstock for a carbon-negative economy. In this study, Komagataella phaffii was systematically engineered to enhance lycopene production using glucose and renewable methanol as alternative carbon sources. Firstly, we demonstrated that the cytoplasmic FPP could penetrate into the peroxisome, and thus achieved the dual-localized lycopene synthesis.

Downscaling micro- and nano-perovskite LEDs.

Many technological breakthroughs in electronics and photonics were made possible by downscaling-the process of making elementary devices smaller in size. The downsizing of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on III-V semiconductors led to micro-LEDs, an 'ultimate technology' for displays. However, micro-LEDs are costly to produce and they exhibit severe efficiency losses when the pixel sizes are reduced to about 10 μm or less, hindering their potential in commercial applications.

Low-Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Quasi-2D Lead-Bromide Perovskites for Lasing Applications.

Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) lead halide perovskite materials have shown great potential as gain media for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and lasing. Due to the complexity of the mixed-dimensional perovskite materials, factors influencing their ASE thresholds remain unclear, limiting the pace of development in this emerging area of research. Here, we report exceptionally low ASE thresholds of ∼2.

CRTC2 Forms Co-Condensates with YTHDF2 That Enhance Translational Efficiency of m6A-Modified mRNAs to Drive Hepatocarcinogenesis and Lenvatinib Resistance.

As the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health concern. Despite its prevalence, treatment options are limited, underscoring the need to identify potential therapeutic targets and strategies. In this study, we identified amplification of cAMP response element-binding protein-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2), situated in the 1q21.

Improved Crystallinity and Defect Passivation for Formamidinium Tin Iodide-Based Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

The toxicity of lead (Pb) presents a critical challenge for the application of perovskite optoelectronics. In tin (Sn) perovskite, Sn is easily oxidized to Sn during the crystallization process. The uncontrollable oxidation process affects the crystallinity of perovskite films and leads to nonradiative traps within the films, resulting in poor device performance.

Kibra knockdown inhibits the aberrant Hippo pathway, suppresses renal cyst formation and ameliorates renal fibrosis in nphp1 mice.

Introduction: Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal recessive interstitial cystic kidney disease, which is the most common genetic cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in childhood. The Hippo pathway is regulated by the cilium and has been suggested to be linked to NPH. The aim of the study was to investigate the involvement of Hippo pathway in the pathogenesis of nphp1 defect-associated NPH (NPH1).

BBPs-functionalized tetrahedral framework nucleic acid hydrogel scaffold captures endogenous BMP-2 to promote bone regeneration.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) is a key growth factor for inducing osteogenic differentiation and promoting bone remodeling. However, the exogenous application of delivery systems for BMP-2 has been hampered by various postoperative complications, poor stability and high price. Hence, in situ enrichment of endogenous BMP-2 is promising.

Identification and validation of glycolysis-related diagnostic signatures in diabetic nephropathy: a study based on integrative machine learning and single-cell sequence.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of systemic microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Abnormal glycolysis has emerged as a potential factor for chronic renal dysfunction in DN. The current lack of reliable predictive biomarkers hinders early diagnosis and personalized therapy.

A deep learning model for characterizing protein-RNA interactions from sequences at single-base resolution.

Protein-RNA interactions play pivotal roles in regulating transcription, translation, and RNA metabolism. Characterizing these interactions offers key insights into RNA dysregulation mechanisms. Here, we introduce Reformer, a deep learning model that predicts protein-RNA binding affinity from sequence data.