Differential tropisms of old and new world hantaviruses influence virulence and developing host-directed antiviral candidates.

Hantaviruses are zoonotically transmitted from rodents to humans through the respiratory route, with no currently approved antivirals or widely available vaccines. The recent discovery of interhuman-transmitted Andes virus (ANDV) necessitates the systematic identification of cell tropism, infective potential, and potent therapeutic agents. We utilized human primary lung endothelial cells, various pluripotent stem cell-derived heart and brain cell types, and established human lung organoid models to evaluate the tropisms of Old World Hantaan (HTNV) and New World ANDV and Sin Nombre (SNV) viruses.

Blood plasma trimethylamine N-oxide and related metabolites and asthenozoospermia odds: a hospital-based matched case-control study in China.

Study Question: Are blood plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and related metabolites linked to the odds of asthenozoospermia?

Summary Answer: Increased blood plasma TMAO levels were positively associated with the odds of asthenozoospermia, while elevated levels of choline and L-carnitine were related to reduced asthenozoospermia odds, implying that TMAO and its related metabolites might play an important role in the development of asthenozoospermia.

What Is Known Already: Sperm motility and concentration are profoundly impaired by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). A positive correlation has been established between ROS levels and TMAO, which is regarded as a key regulatory factor for initiating mitochondrial ROS production.

Advancing photoacoustic microscopy via single-source triple-beam interference excitation.

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) uniquely combines optical resolution with ultrasonic penetration capabilities. However, conventional focused Gaussian beam excitation presents inherent limitations in detection visibility and spatial resolution. Although increasing optical NA can partially mitigate these constraints, it inevitably compromises working distance (WD) and depth of field (DoF) and thus poses challenges for large-volume imaging.

Design advances in pinched flow fractionation for enhanced particle separation in microfluidics.

Pinched flow fractionation (PFF) is a simple, biocompatible microfluidic technique for particle separation, well-suited for applications requiring easy design, ease of operation, and gentle sample handling. In this review, we systematically summarize design advances in PFF, categorizing innovations into five core strategies: broadened segment optimization, pinched segment modification, outlet design refinement, active method integration, and passive hybridization. Both the optimized designs and their underlying working mechanisms are elucidated.

Active Microfluidic Platforms for Particle Separation and Integrated Sensing Applications.

The active manipulation and separation of particles in microfluidic systems using externally applied forces, such as acoustic, electric, magnetic, and optical fields, have transformed our capacity to detect pathogens, biomarkers, and environmental analytes with high precision and adaptability. These active microfluidic approaches offer enhanced control over particle trajectories, tunable separation thresholds, and compatibility with diverse sample types, making them highly promising for integration with downstream sensing platforms. This Perspective outlines recent advances in active microfluidic separation strategies and explores their synergies with biochemical assays, such as lateral flow tests, electrochemical sensors, and next-generation sequencing.

Trends and hotspots in cupping therapy research for pain: a bibliometric study.

Background: Cupping therapy (CT), a traditional form of alternative medicine, has gained attention as a non-pharmacological intervention for pain. Its applications span various pain-related conditions such as musculoskeletal disorders, migraines. Despite its growing popularity, comprehensive analyses of research trends, collaboration networks, and emerging hotspots in CT for pain remain limited.

Innovative design and comprehensive ergonomic assessment of an auxiliary colonoscopy handle device.

Colonoscopy is a critical tool for diagnosing and treating bowel diseases, yet it demands high physician skill and can lead to suboptimal patient experiences. Recent technological advancements have aimed to enhance colonoscopy procedures by improving ease of use and patient comfort. This study introduces a novel colonoscopy handle auxiliary device designed to reduce operator fatigue and improve work efficiency.

Risk factors of sentinel lymph node metastasis in early-stage invasive breast cancer.

This study aimed to determine the key risk factors affecting sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis and to help improve the selection of appropriate candidates for SLN biopsy (SLNB). A total of 2143 cases that underwent SLNB were included. Multivariate analysis included the statistically significant parameters in univariate analysis and revealed the independent risk factors for SLN metastasis: age younger than 40 years old, central tumor location, tumor larger than 3 cm, round-shaped and cortex-thickened axillary lymph node examined by ultrasound, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and histological classification of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) and invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC).

Enhanced Therapeutic Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Targeting MiR-137 Contribute to Functional Recovery by Attenuating Neuronal Injury After Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death, especially among aging populations. MicroRNA-137 (miR-137) is known to be involved in neurodevelopment. However, its role in ischemic stroke is still unexplored.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis and genome-wide identification provide insights into the potential role of fungal-responsive MAPK cascade genes in tanshinone accumulation in .

is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for its bioactive tanshinones that are used to treat various diseases and have high antimicrobial properties. Previous studies have shown that tanshinone accumulation in was shown to be significantly induced by fungal elicitors. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which play critical roles in plant-microbe interactions and cellular processes, are known to regulate the accumulation of antimicrobial metabolites.

Unravelling the mechanism of action of Huashibaidu formula volatile metabolome for the treatment of COVID-19 and its mutants from the perspectives of network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Background: Huashibaidu (HSBD) formula, as one of the "3 medicines and 3 prescriptions," has made a great contribution to the fight against COVID-19. As an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2 is still mutating, and people are still suffering from the disease.

Methods: In the study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized to identify the volatile compounds in the volatile oil of the HSBD formula.

Synergistic coupling of ultrasonic cavitation with tailored deep eutectic solvent systems for intensified extraction of Scutellaria Radix flavonoids: Modelling and optimization by genetic algorithm.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are increasingly recognized as viable environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional organic solvents because of their low toxicity and exceptional dissolving capabilities. In this research, 12 DESs were synthesized and systematically integrated with ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract flavonoids from Scutellaria Radix. Comprehensive screening revealed that the optimal DES outperformed conventional solvents (water and 70 % ethanol) in extraction efficiency.

Non-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Metabolite Differences in Inocutis tamaricis Under Different Culture Conditions.

Inocutis tamaricis is a medicinal fungus with significant pharmacological activity. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) was used to conduct a comprehensive non-targeted metabolomics analysis of the metabolites of wild fruiting body (WF), cultured fruiting body (CF), and liquid cultured mycelium (LCM). Orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to compare the three culture methods, to describe the regulatory effect of specific culture methods on metabolite distribution and yield of I.

Challenges of integrating HIV prevention and treatment in China's border mountain regions: a grounded theory study.

Background: HIV remains a critical global public health challenge, with 39 million people living with HIV as of 2022 and over 40.4 million lives lost to the epidemic. In China, the burden is similarly significant, with over 1.

The effect of social participation on depressive symptoms in older women adults in China: A tracking survey database.

Unlabelled: Background Under the context of active aging, older women face prominent mental health risks due to their dual vulnerability stemming from biological characteristics and social roles. Given the existing practical bottlenecks in current research namely, unclear mechanisms regarding how social participation alleviates geriatric depression and insufficient studies on population heterogeneity. It is important to analyze the impact of social participation on depressive symptoms of older women in China and to implement corresponding policy systems.

Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs): current and future biopharmaceuticals.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel class of biopharmaceuticals comprising monoclonal antibodies covalently conjugated to cytotoxic agents via engineered chemical linkers. This combination enables targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor site through recognizing target antigens by antibody while minimizing off-target effects on healthy tissues. Clinically, ADCs overcome the limitations of traditional chemotherapy, which lacks target specificity, and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal antibodies, providing higher efficacy and fewer toxicity anti-tumor biopharmaceuticals.

Intestinal Butyrate Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Promoting the Expression of Cortistatin in Ileum via HDAC3-Vitamin D Receptor Pathway.

Butyrate, administered orally or via drinking water, can effectively ameliorate experimental rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in mice despite its limited bioavailability. The discrepancy urges us to explore the involvement and role of intestinal anti-RA factors in the action of butyrate. In this study, we found that substituting drinking water with butyrate (75 mM) could promote the expression of cortistatin (CST) in the ileal epithelium of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), but butyrate did not alter the expression of other anti-RA neuropeptides in the intestine and the expression of CST in the spleen and brain.

Major Causative Bacteria of Dairy Cow Mastitis in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2015-2024: An Epidemiologic Survey and Analysis.

In this study, we sought to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial pathogens of mastitis in dairy cattle in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The study was conducted from 2015 to 2024 using a total of 12,053 clinical mastitis (CM) and sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) samples. The pathogens were isolated and identified by standard bacteriological and mycological methods.

Hypothalamic lipidomics reveals that AMPK-FA metabolism mediates the energy-balancing effect of the four typical "hot" herbs on hypothyroidism.

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Structural characterization and fermentation of a novel Moringa oleifera leaves polysaccharide with hypoglycemic effects.

Moringa oleifera leaf-derived natural products offer diverse health benefits in metabolic disorders. However, the structural attributes of M. oleifera leaf polysaccharides, their transformations during gastrointestinal digestion, and their influence on gut microbiota and hypoglycemic activity remain insufficiently understood.

Loss of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduced monocyte recruitment and preserved retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of hypertensive glaucoma.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2, a potent chemokine for myeloid cells, has been associated with disease progression in glaucoma. We examined whether genetic knockout (KO) of MCP-1 affected RGC density and function, retinal myeloid cell density, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the setting of microbead induced hypertensive glaucoma. Adult wildtype (WT) C57BL/6J or MCP-1 KO mice received bilateral injections of either magnetic microbeads to elevate intraocular pressure (IOP) or balanced salt solution (BSS) as normotensive controls.

Anticoagulation for Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: An American Glaucoma Society Survey.

Prcis: Perspectives and practice patterns regarding perioperative anticoagulation management and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery were queried among surgeons of American Glaucoma Society. Management varied based on surgeon preference and the type of procedure performed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize anticoagulation and antiplatelet practice patterns for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in the perioperative period.

Fluorescent identification of axons, dendrites and soma of neuronal retinal ganglion cells with a genetic marker as a tool for facilitating the study of neurodegeneration.

This study characterizes a fluorescent -tdTomato neuronal reporter mouse line with strong labeling of axons throughout the optic nerve, of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) soma in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and of RGC dendrites in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The model facilitated assessment of RGC loss in models of degeneration and of RGC detection in mixed neural/glial cultures. The tdTomato signal showed strong overlap with >98% cells immunolabeled with RGC markers RBPMS or BRN3A, consistent with the ubiquitous presence of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGUT2, SLC17A6) in all RGC subtypes.

Impacts of environments on school myopia by spatial analysis techniques in Wuhan.

The prevalence of myopia in China has increased significantly in recent years, and the age of onset has become younger. Previous studies have indicated that various environmental factors can influence the development of school myopia. However, the environmental impacts on school myopia remains to be investigated.