Synergistic coupling of ultrasonic cavitation with tailored deep eutectic solvent systems for intensified extraction of Scutellaria Radix flavonoids: Modelling and optimization by genetic algorithm.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are increasingly recognized as viable environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional organic solvents because of their low toxicity and exceptional dissolving capabilities. In this research, 12 DESs were synthesized and systematically integrated with ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract flavonoids from Scutellaria Radix. Comprehensive screening revealed that the optimal DES outperformed conventional solvents (water and 70 % ethanol) in extraction efficiency.

Metabolomic profiles and differential metabolites of volatile components in Changshan-huyou pericarp during different growth and development stages.

Citrus fruits possess a distinctive aroma and flavor, with Changshan-huyou (CACH) standing out due to their considerable edible and medicinal value. However, the volatile components (VOCs) in the CACH pericarp (CP) remain underexplored. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized to qualitatively analyze VOCs in 27 CP samples across different growth stages.