RNAi bioassays targeting bursicon reveal potential targets for pest control of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.

Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata represents a significant economic pest, typically controlled through the use of chemical insecticides. The introduction of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has opened new avenues for biopesticide development, leading to the identification of various genes that are crucial for the growth and development of insects. However, the efficient screening of target genes in H.

Host-microbe synergy in pesticide resilience: Rhodococcus-driven fitness compensation in chlorpyrifos-stressed Binodoxys communis.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphate insecticide in cotton cultivation for controlling Aphis gossypii, has Binodoxys communis as the primary parasitic natural enemy of A. gossypii. This study evaluated the impact of two sub-lethal CPF concentrations (LC10 and LC30) on key biological parameters across two generations, transcriptomic responses, and symbiotic bacterial communities in B.

CYP72A15 confers resistance against penoxsulam to Echinochloa phyllopogon.

As the weed Echinochloa phyllopogon has rapidly developed multi- and cross-resistance to several herbicides, we aimed to determine the mechanism underlying penoxsulam resistance in weeds. There was no target mutation in the tested population, and P450 enzyme activity was significantly higher in the penoxsulam-treated resistant population, confirming that non-target-site resistance was dominant. The antioxidant enzyme activity of the resistant population was higher than that of the sensitive population following the application of the penoxsulam and cleared HO faster.

Involvement of Ductal Reaction in Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-Phthalate-Caused Hepatic Fibrosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Intervention Strategies.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is a persistent environmental endocrine toxicant present in many products, and liver is the main target organ for DEHP metabolism. Long-term exposure to DEHP induces hepatic fibrosis, which is reversible in the early stages, while progresses to cirrhosis without timely intervention. Ductular reaction (DR) is a characteristic pathological change in hepatobiliary diseases, however, the involvement of DR in DEHP-caused hepatic fibrosis, the underlying molecular mechanisms, remail largely uninvestigated.

Molecular-level study of the effect of nitrogen addition levels on soil dissolved organic matter composition in a desert steppe of northwest China.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a key role in grassland carbon biogeochemistry and shows sensitivity to global climate change, particularly nitrogen (N) deposition. We investigated the soil DOM molecular composition by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and FT-ICR MS through a N addition experiment (CK, N5, N10, N20, and N40 [0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g N m-2 year-1, respectively]) in a desert steppe of northwest China. Moderate N inputs (N5-N20) caused a dose-dependent increase in DOM content (9.

S1P/S1PR4 Promotes the Differentiation of CD8 tissue-resident memory T Cells Aggravating Bile Duct Injury in Biliary Atresia.

Background And Aims: Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe neonatal cholangiopathy characterized by progressive inflammation and fibrosis. We aimed to systematically investigate BA pathology using integrated multi-omics.

Methods: Multi-omics integration of BA and control livers revealed sphingolipid dysregulation.

Estimation of surface free energy and solubility parameters of solid ionic surfactants.

Hypothesis: The surface free energy (γ) and solubility (δ) parameters are two important characteristic parameters describing physicochemical properties of substances, but knowledge about the characteristic parameters (γ and δ) of surfactants is still lacking. Possible relationships of the characteristic parameters of surfactants with their head group types and alkyl chain lengths as well as with the surface tension (σ) of their aqueous solutions are worth exploring.

Methods: Solid surfactants including 10 anionic and 14 cationic ones were chosen.

Transformation of chloroxylenol in real sewer sediments: Key adsorption sites and CYP450-catalyzed biodegradation.

The widespread discharge of emerging micropollutants (EMs) into sewer systems has raised serious environmental concerns throughout the world. However, the transformation mechanisms underlying the accumulation of EMs in sewer sediments remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the transformation fate and mechanisms of chloroxylenol (PCMX) in sewer sediments.

Dual-functional phthalamide modulation of aging-resistant PbI for efficient perovskite solar cells.

The sequential preparation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has received widespread concern for its use in large-scale perovskite modules and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, the instability of the PbI precursor solution and the incomplete reaction of ammonium salts hinder the industrialization of PSCs. Here, by introducing phthalamide (PA) into PbI solution, the carbonyl oxygen of PA molecules undergoes a bidentate coordination reaction with Pb to form an octahedral coordination structure, and the nitrogen atom in the -NH group exhibits weakly acidic properties due to the conjugation effect.

Carvacrol encapsulation system based on casein-chitosan coacervates: Stability regulation and mechanism of ultrasonication-assisted core-shell microcapsules.

Carvacrol (CAR) is a naturally occurring bioactive compound that is chemically unstable, and microencapsulation technology effectively protects its active components. Casein (CS) and chitosan (CH) were used for the first time as carriers to encapsulate CAR, forming highly stable carvacrol microcapsules (CAR@CS-CH). Under conditions of a 1:1 mass ratio of CS to CH and a pH of 5.

Impact of mixed β-conglycinin and hydrolysates of glycinin on the thermal transition and polymerization behavior of gluten.

Selectively hydrolyzed soy protein can enhance wheat-based product quality by modulating gluten thermal polymerization. This study examined the effects of β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin hydrolysate (GH) on gluten rheological and thermal properties, particle size, Raman spectra, and microstructure during heating. Both 7S and GH improved gluten viscoelasticity, with their combined addition (7S/GH) showing the strongest effect.

Identification of RAV transcription factors (B3-domain-containing) and functional analysis of OsRAV2 in rice blast and drought stress.

RAV transcription factors play roles in a variety of diverse biological processes. However, their role in rice's response to drought and blast stress remains largely unexplored. In this study, we performed a genome-wide characterization and identification of rice RAV transcription factor family genes.

Adsorption behavior and neurotoxic synergy of thallium and polystyrene microplastics in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as ubiquitous environmental contaminants, while thallium (Tl), a highly toxic metalloid, is gaining attention as a novel pollutant due to its increasing release from electronic waste and mining activities. These pollutants frequently coexist in aquatic environments; however, their combined effects at environmentally relevant concentrations remain poorly understood. In this study, the adsorption behavior and joint neurotoxicity of polystyrene (PS) microplastics and Tl were systematically evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism.

The Use of Deep Learning in Primary Agricultural Products Freshness Assessment: A Systematic Review.

Primary agricultural products are closely related to our daily lives, as they serve not only as raw materials for food processing but also as products directly purchased by consumers. These products face the issue of freshness decline and spoilage during both production and consumption. Freshness degradation induces sensory deterioration and nutritional loss and promotes harmful substance accumulation, causing gastrointestinal issues or even endangering life.

The Impact of Adjuvant Drug Therapy on Overall Survival in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the dominant subtype of renal malignancy, has a rising global incidence and mortality. While surgery is the standard of care for localized cases, adjuvant therapy aims to improve outcomes in high-risk postoperative patients. To quantify the clinical value of adjuvant pharmacotherapy, this systematic review and meta-analysis assesses its effect on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with ccRCC.

Deciphering disease-specific glycosylation: unraveling diabetes subtypes through serum glycopattern.

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a slowly progressing form of diabetes that develops in adulthood, characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells and subsequent insulin deficiency, akin to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Due to its shared genetic, immunological, and metabolic features with both T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D), LADA is frequently misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated as T2D. To address this, we developed the A.

Patterns and transitions of physical, psychological, and behavioral health across adulthood: A latent transition analysis of the roles of childhood and adulthood adversities.

Despite growing recognition of health as a multidimensional construct, few studies have examined how physical, psychological, and behavioral health dimensions coalesce and evolve across the transition from young to middle adulthood, especially within the context of life-course adversities. Existing research often focuses on isolated health indicators or overlooks the dynamic, fluid nature of health over time. Additionally, the combined effects of childhood and adulthood adversities on health transitions remain underexplored.

Exploring why adolescents of disadvantaged family socio-economic status were more depressed than others: Serial mediations via personal psychological resources, loneliness, and school refusal functions.

Background: Disadvantageous family socio-economic status (DFSES) is a potential source of disparity in adolescent mental health. This study investigated the association between DFSES and probable depression and its mediation mechanisms via personal psychological resources (hope and resilience), loneliness, and school refusal functions.

Methods: A school-based anonymous survey was conducted among 8285 middle school students in China from February to March 2022; the response/eligible rate was 98.

Ethanol Infusion of the Vein of Marshall in Catheter Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Mitral Valve Replacement.

Background: The effectiveness of ethanol infusion of the vein of Marshall (EIVOM) for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with mitral valve replacement (MVR) remains to be determined.

Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of EIVOM in catheter ablation of persistent AF in patients with MVR.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study.

Nanodrug-based therapeutic interventions for tumor-associated microbiota modulation.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that significantly influences tumor progression, immune modulation, and therapeutic response. A key component of the TME is the tumor-associated microbiota, which has emerged as an important player in cancer biology, affecting tumor metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to treatments. The recent advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revolutionized our understanding of the microbiome, revealing distinct microbial communities across various tumor types.

Sustainable bio-based film based on chitosan resin crosslinking with tannin, phytic acid and octadecylamine for food packaging application.

Chitosan and tannin are both promising renewable materials for food packaging; however, their effectiveness is limited by incomplete interactions between them. Therefore, phytic acid and octadecylamine were employed to create chitosan-tannin-phytic acid-octadecylamine (CTPO) films that are flame-retardant, UV-resistant, antibacterial and hydrophobic for food packaging applications. The findings indicate that the CTPO film exhibited excellent hydrophobicity and mechanical properties, with a water contact angle of 133.

Engineering ferroptosis radiosensitizer for SPARC-targeted degradation: A strategy to reverse radioresistant non-small cell lung cancer.

Radioresistance poses a significant obstacle in the management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), often diminishing the effectiveness of radiotherapy and leading to treatment failures and adverse clinical outcomes. This study develops radioresistant NSCLC models, revealing that Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) as a crucial modulator of this resistance, through the inhibition of ferroptosis. To address this radioresistance, we propose a novel ferroptosis-oriented radiosensitization strategy specifically designed to enhance radiotherapy effectiveness in radioresistant NSCLC.

A cohort of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric rare diseases (allo-HSCT-PRD): design and preliminary results.

Rare diseases in children have attracted widespread attention worldwide due to their rarity and difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is emerging as a promising and curable therapy for multiple rare diseases. However, rare disease research in China is relatively backward, prompting us to construct the first cohort of allo-HSCT for pediatric rare diseases (allo-HSCT-PRD) involving those who underwent allo-HSCT at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from 1 January 2014 to 31 October 2024.