Ethanol Infusion of the Vein of Marshall in Catheter Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Mitral Valve Replacement.

Background: The effectiveness of ethanol infusion of the vein of Marshall (EIVOM) for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with mitral valve replacement (MVR) remains to be determined.

Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of EIVOM in catheter ablation of persistent AF in patients with MVR.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study.

Evolutionary de Winter pattern: from de Winter ECG to STEMI-A case report.

Background: De Winter pattern is associated with acute occlusion in the left anterior descending coronary artery combined with upsloping ST-segment depression at the J point in leads V through V without ST-segment elevation. The ECG changes in this case were illustrated by an up-sloping ST-segment depression in the V to V leads, followed by tall and symmetrical T waves. Changes from de Winter to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are rare.