Nanodrug-based therapeutic interventions for tumor-associated microbiota modulation.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that significantly influences tumor progression, immune modulation, and therapeutic response. A key component of the TME is the tumor-associated microbiota, which has emerged as an important player in cancer biology, affecting tumor metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to treatments. The recent advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revolutionized our understanding of the microbiome, revealing distinct microbial communities across various tumor types.

Mitochondria-Targeted Ferroptosis Nanodrug for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy via Fatty Acid Metabolism Remodeling and Tumor Bacterial Symbiosis Inhibition.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, due to its pronounced propensity for metastasis. This challenge is amplified by the critical role of mitochondria in metastasis, regulating processes like fatty acid metabolism that drive tumor cell migration. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that bacterial infiltration, particularly Staphylococcus xylosus (S.

Engineering Magnesium Oxide as a Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Inhibitor for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype with limited therapeutic options due to its resistance to conventional targeted therapies. TNBC cells heavily rely on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), making mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) inhibition a promising therapeutic approach. However, existing ETC inhibitors pose severe cytotoxicity risks, highlighting the need for biocompatible alternatives.

Recent Progress in Anti-Tumor Nanodrugs Based on Tumor Microenvironment Redox Regulation.

The growth state of tumor cells is strictly affected by the specific abnormal redox status of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, redox reactions at the biological level are also central and fundamental to essential energy metabolism reactions in tumors. Accordingly, anti-tumor nanodrugs targeting the disruption of this abnormal redox homeostasis have become one of the hot spots in the field of nanodrugs research due to the effectiveness of TME modulation and anti-tumor efficiency mediated by redox interference.

Biomedical applications of iron sulfide-based nanozymes.

Nanozymes have attracted great interest owing to their marvelous advantages, such as high stability, facile preparation, and high tunability. In particular, iron sulfide-based nanozymes (termed as ISNs), as one of the most researched nanomaterials with versatile enzyme-mimicking properties, have proved their potential in biomedical applications. In this review, we briefly summarize the classification, catalytic mechanisms of ISNs and then principally introduce ISNs' biomedical applications in biosensors, tumor therapy, antibacterial therapy, and others, demonstrating that ISNs have promising potential for alleviating human health.