Global burden and risk factors of peptic ulcer disease between 1990 and 2021: An analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that may present acutely due to complications and poses significant clinical and economic challenges. Understanding the global burden of PUD and its contributing risk factors is essential for developing targeted prevention strategies. Therefore, our research aimed to comprehensively evaluate the epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors of PUD, thereby providing evidence to support policymakers in formulating appropriate health policies.

Transplacental transfer of metformin and interaction of metformin with the uptake transporters of placental trophoblast cells.

Metformin is among the most widely prescribed antidiabetic agents, with increasingly accepted by women with gestational diabetes mellitus due to its more convenient administration. Knowledge of the interaction of metformin with the uptake transporters of placental trophoblast cells is important for robust evaluation of the safety usage in pregnancy. Herein, the pregnancy pharmacokinetic study and distribution in placenta and fetus study were employed and showed that metformin could distribute quickly into the placenta and fetus, and the content of MET in the placenta was obvious higher than that in fetus.

Deglycosylated azithromycin alleviates cisplatin-evoked constipation in mice by altering host metabolome and gut microbiota composition.

Introduction: Chemotherapy induced constipation (CIC) is a gastrointestinal side effect that occurs in patients receiving chemotherapy, which can further deteriorate the living quality of cancer patients. Deglycosylated azithromycin (Deg-AZM), a newly developed Class I drug with good therapeutic effects on chronic constipation, has been approved for clinical trials in 2024. However, it is unclear whether Deg-AZM has any impact on gut microbiota of CIC mice.

Bergenin and vitexin delivery platform using mouse lung fibroblasts-derived exosomes for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis therapy.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath, persistent dry cough, and hypoxemia. The disease can progress rapidly, often leading to respiratory failure. Given its complex and multifactorial nature, pulmonary fibrosis involves multiple pathological progress, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibroblast activation.

Epitaxial induction driven charge vector Steering in ZnCdS/CuWS S-scheme heterojunctions for superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Enhancing the spatial vector separation of photogenerated charge carriers has emerged as a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. In this study, we designed a 3D/2D ZnCdS/CuWS S-scheme heterojunction with an intimate interface, leveraging the one-dimensional transport properties of photogenerated carriers in the rod-like structure of ZnCdS. This structural design facilitates the efficient spatial transfer of photogenerated carriers at the interface, significantly boosting the photoreduction capability of the catalyst.

The metabolic pathway of Deg-AZM and investigations into the contribution of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in the drug interactions of Deg-AZM, a clinical-stage new transgelin agonist.

Introduction: Deglycosylated azithromycin (Deg-AZM), a new transgelin agonist with positive therapeutic effects on slow transit constipation, has been approved for clinical trials in 2024. This work investigated the drug metabolism and transport of Deg-AZM to provide research data for further development of Deg-AZM.

Methods: A combination of UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to obtain metabolite spectra of Deg-AZM in plasma, urine, feces and bile.

PK-PD relationship of poorly absorbable active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines explaining by metabolic enzyme of gut microbiota: A case study of Dehydrocorydaline.

Many active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines generally have the characteristic of poor oral absorption but definite efficacy. It is necessary to establish a comprehensive technical system to explain the "PK-PD relationship" of them. Dehydrocorydaline (DHC), the quality control component in the Chinese patent drug "Kedaling Tablets", has poor oral absorption but clear efficacy for coronary heart disease.

Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies and prediction of human PK profiles for Deg-AZM, a clinical-stage new transgelin agonist.

Introduction: Deglycosylated azithromycin (Deg-AZM), a newly developed Class I drug with good therapeutic effects on slow transit constipation, is a small-molecule transgelin agonist that has been approved for clinical trials in 2024. The preclinical pharmacokinetic profile of Deg-AZM was investigated to support further development.

Methods: A LC-MS/MS method was established and validated to detected the concentration of Deg-AZM in various biological samples.

Large-scale Prospective Validation Study of a Multiplex RNA Urine Test for Noninvasive Detection of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Current approaches for diagnosis and monitoring of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are often invasive, costly, and not efficient for early-stage and low-grade tumors.

Objective: To validate a noninvasive urine-based RNA test for accurate UTUC diagnosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Urine samples were prospectively collected from 61 patients with UTUC and 99 controls without urothelial carcinomas, in five clinical centers between October 2022 and August 2023 prior to any invasive test (cystoscope or ureteroscope) or treatment.

Comprehensive molecular and cellular characterization of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related key genes in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is an inevitable complication in the process of kidney transplantation and lacks specific therapy. The study aims to determine the underlying mechanisms of RIRI to uncover a promising target for efficient renoprotection.

Method: Four bulk RNA-seq datasets including 495 renal samples of pre- and post-reperfusion were collected from the GEO database.

Pseudo-transistors for emerging neuromorphic electronics.

Artificial synaptic devices are the cornerstone of neuromorphic electronics. The development of new artificial synaptic devices and the simulation of biological synaptic computational functions are important tasks in the field of neuromorphic electronics. Although two-terminal memristors and three-terminal synaptic transistors have exhibited significant capabilities in the artificial synapse, more stable devices and simpler integration are needed in practical applications.

Checkpoint TIPE2 Limits the Helper Functions of NK Cells in Supporting Antitumor CD8 T Cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells not only are innate effector lymphocytes that directly participate in tumor surveillance but are also essential helpers in the antitumor CD8 T-cell response. However, the molecular mechanisms and potential checkpoints regulating NK cell helper functions remain elusive. Here, it is shown that the T-bet/Eomes-IFN-γ axis in NK cells is essential for CD8 T cell-dependent tumor control, whereas T-bet-dependent NK cell effector functions are required for an optimal response to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.

deletion improves the therapeutic potential of adoptively transferred NK cells.

Background: To enhance the efficacy of adoptive NK cell therapy against solid tumors, NK cells must be modified to resist exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the molecular checkpoint underlying NK cell exhaustion in the TME remains elusive.

Methods: We analyzed the correlation between expression and NK cell functional exhaustion in the TME both in humans and mice by single-cell transcriptomic analysis and by using gene reporter mice.

Flexible Floating-Gate Electric-Double-Layer Organic Transistor for Neuromorphic Computing.

The key to the study of flexible neuromorphic computing is the excellent weight update characteristic of neuromorphic devices. Electric-double-layer transistors (EDLTs) include high transconductance, excellent stability of threshold voltage, linear weight updates, and repetitive ion-concentration-dependent switching properties. However, up to now, there is no report on a flexible EDLT that provides all the aforementioned performance characteristics.

Integrated Piezoresistive Normal Force Sensors Fabricated Using Transfer Processes with Stiction Effect Temporary Handling.

Tactile sensation is a highly desired function in robotics. Furthermore, tactile sensor arrays are crucial sensing elements in pulse diagnosis instruments. This paper presents the fabrication of an integrated piezoresistive normal force sensor through surface micromachining.

Rapid Increase in China's Industrial Ammonia Emissions: Evidence from Unit-Based Mapping.

Ammonia (NH) is an important precursor of secondary inorganic aerosols and greatly impacts nitrogen deposition and acid rain. Previous studies have mainly focused on the agricultural NH emissions, while recent research has noted that industrial sources could be significant in China. However, detailed estimates of NH emitted from industrial sectors in China are lacking.

Transfer of Tactile Sensors Using Stiction Effect Temporary Handling.

A novel method for transfer of tactile sensors using stiction effect temporary handling (SETH) is presented to simplify the microelectromechanical-system (MEMS)/CMOS integration process, improve the process reliability and electrical performance, and reduce material constriction. The structure of the tactile sensor and the reroute substrate were first manufactured separately. Following the release process, the stiction-contact structures, which are designed to protect the low-stress silicon nitride diaphragm of the tactile sensor and prevent the low-stress silicon nitride diaphragm from moving during the subsequent bonding process, are temporarily bonded to the substrate owing to the stiction effect.

TIPE2 is a checkpoint of natural killer cell maturation and antitumor immunity.

The maturation process of NK cells determines their functionality during which IL-15 plays a critical role. However, very few checkpoints specifically targeting this process have been discovered. Here, we report that TIPE2 expression gradually increased during NK cell ontogenesis correlating to their maturation stages in both mice and humans.

CdMnS/MoO composites with an S-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

High-performance and noble metal-free MoO3/Cd0.8Mn0.2S nanocomposites were synthesized via a simple direct physical mixing process.

Exogenous oxidative stress suppresses IL-33 -driven proliferation programming in group 2 innate lymphoid cells.

Although exogenous oxidative stress has been suggested to promote the pathogenesis of airway inflammation, previous trials using conventional antioxidant therapy in asthma have been largely ineffective, suggesting the complex roles of oxidative stress in the regulation of airway inflammation and of its critical mediating lymphocyte populations. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) proliferate and induce eosinophilia in response to tissue alarminsin the early phase of airway inflammation. We previously showed that IL-33 -induced endogenous reactive oxygen species is required for optimal metabolic activation of ILC2 functions, however, the role of exogenous oxidative stress in regulating ILC2 functions has not been investigated.

Establishment of High-Resolution Atmospheric Mercury Emission Inventories for Chinese Cement Plants Based on the Mass Balance Method.

China is the world's largest cement-related mercury emitter. Atmospheric mercury inventories for China's cement industry are essential for appraising global mercury emissions and have been widely developed in previous studies associated with considerable uncertainties. In this study, we compiled high tempo-spatial resolution atmospheric mercury emission inventories for Chinese cement plants using the mass balance method and plant-level input-output data.

1,8-Substituted Pyrene Derivatives for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors.

There have been many reports on the application of pyrene derivatives as organic semiconductors, but 1,8-subsituted pyrene semiconductors are less well-developed. Two p-type 1,8-substituted pyrene derivatives were synthesized that were composed of a pyrene core, thiophene or bithiophene arms, and end-capped octyl chains. These structures were not completely symmetrical and the dihedral angles between the pyrene core and the adjacent thiophene units had a difference of approximately two degrees.