Porous Environmental Polarity as a Critical Descriptor for Efficient Proton Conductivity in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Recent years have witnessed growing research interest in proton-conducting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) owing to the characteristics of highly ordered pores, oriented packing of crystals, and particularly designable structures. However, how to construct a suitable microenvironment in MOF pores to form optimal proton transport pathways remains challenging. In this study, four MOFs with similar porous diameters but different microenvironments have been screened to study how porous environments influence proton conduction for the first time.

SSD-YOLO: a lightweight network for rice leaf disease detection.

Rice leaf diseases significantly impact yield and quality. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on manual inspection and empirical knowledge, making them subjective and prone to errors. This study proposes an improved YOLOv8-based rice disease detection method (SSD-YOLO) to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

Metabolome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Identifies Valine as a Potential Mediator of the Effect of Obesity on Pancreatic Cancer Risk.

Obesity is a well-established risk factor for pancreatic cancer (PC), yet the underlying metabolic mechanisms that link obesity to increased PC risk remain unclear. This study aims to identify the specific metabolites mediating the relationship between obesity and pancreatic cancer. A two-sample two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to determine the causal effects of circulating metabolites on PC risk and the causal effects of body mass index (BMI) on potential metabolites.

METTL3 facilitates colorectal cancer growth through altering the abundance of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to human health; however, the precise mechanism underlying its onset remains elusive. In this study, we utilized metagenomic sequencing to reveal the dysregulation of intestinal microbiota caused by CRC. Single-cell sequencing data showed elevated mRNA expression of methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) in CRC, which was correlated with the abundance of intestinal microbiota.

NaOH-Mediated Intermolecular Cascade Cyclization Reaction of Conjugated Dieneimines with α-Halomalonates to Access Functionalized Cyclopentene Cores.

An efficient intermolecular cascade cyclization of conjugated dieneimines with α-halomalonates in the presence of a NaOH base was developed. This method facilitates the synthesis of a diverse range of functionalized cyclopentenes featuring two adjacent stereocenters, including a quaternary carbon center, in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities and perfect regioselectivities. The reaction proceeds through a sequence of Michael addition, cyclopropanation, isomerization, ring opening of the cyclopropane intermediate, isomerization, and intramolecular cyclization.

Construction of g-CN Metal-Free Heterostructure Film for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants.

Traditional photocatalytic systems often face significant challenges in nanocatalyst recovery from aqueous solutions, hindering their practical implementation in industrial-scale wastewater remediation. In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) metal-free heterostructure film was spontaneously coassembled at the gas-liquid interface, with a uniform film structure of g-CN, well-stacked graphene oxide, and hexagonal boron nitride over centimeters in size. The van der Waals heterostructure film exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance behavior and broadband photoperception from 450 to 550 nm.

Single-Cell Omics Analysis Reveals Immunological Dysregulation in COVID-19 and HIV: Identifying a Shared Abnormality of B Cell Activation via the Unfolded Protein Response and Diagnostic Biomarkers Using Machine Learning Algorithms.

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the exacerbation of disease progression of both COVID-19 and HIV when coexisting. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between these two viruses are still poorly understood. In this study, we utilized a comprehensive analysis of single-cell transcriptomics to identify and characterize peripheral blood cell subsets in COVID-19 and HIV-infected patients.

Development of a Mitochondrial Permeability Transition-Driven Necrosis-Related Prognostic Signature in Cervical Cancer: Integrating Bulk Transcriptomic and Single-Cell Data.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a prevalent gynecological malignancy with notable heterogeneity. The role of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, a form of cell death due to mitochondrial dysfunction, in CC progression and prognosis is poorly understood and represents a promising therapeutic target for cancers. This study aimed to create a new prognostic signature linked to MPT-driven necrosis, improving CC prediction and prognosis.

Ozone-assisted cataluminescence sensor based on morphology-controlled TiO@Mg-MOF-74 composite for rapid detection of N-hexane.

Four different morphologies of TiO were successfully synthesized and the morphological dependence of the catalytic performance was investigated for monitoring of n-hexane. TiO nanotubes showed the best catalytic performance for the cataluminescence (CTL) reaction of n-hexane because of their high specific surface area and ordered arrangement. To further enhance catalytic activity, a TiO nanotube@Mg-MOF-74 composite was synthesized, which was used to construct a CTL sensor for rapid detection of n-hexane rapidly; the introduction of Mg-MOF-74 improved the adsorption capacity and selectivity.

Recent advances in the three-component synthesis of difluorinated compounds.

The three-component reaction offers a convenient method for synthesizing difluorinated compounds. In this review, we classify and discuss synthetic methodologies developed over the past decade (2014-2024) into three categories: (a) radical reactions, (b) difluorocarbene-mediated fluorination, and (c) other reaction types, including those using nucleophilic and electrophilic fluorine reagents. Various reagents such as AgF, pyridine·9HF, Selectfluor II, TMSCF, TMSCFBr, TMSCFPO(OEt), RCF, (CFCO)O, ClCFH, ClCFCONa, CFHSONa, [PhPCFH]Br, ClCFCl, BrCFR, ICFCOAr, and BrCFCOEt will be discussed.

Perovskite nanocrystals@covalent organic framework as a nanothermometer for sensitive temperature sensing.

Perovskite nanocrystal-based temperature sensors have drawn extensive attention. Improving the photostability of perovskites and their sensitivity to temperature are urgent issues that need to be addressed. Herein, a nanothermometer for color-changing temperature indicators is designed based on perovskite nanocrystals encapsulated in a covalent organic framework (CsPbBr NCs@COF-V).

PD-1 induces autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway to promote infectious bursal disease virus replication.

Introduction: Autophagy is an important process in host cell responses to viral replication and spread, including those against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a known immunoinhibitory receptor, and its expression causes immune dysfunction in B lymphocytes, resulting in increased progression of immunosuppressive diseases. However, the role of PD-1 in autophagy during IBDV infection remains unclear.

Optimization and application of an immuoperoxidase monolayer assay for the detection of PRRSV.

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a highly contagious disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects the global swine industry. Despite efforts to control it, there is still a widespread dissemination of PRRSV with obvious genetic variations in swine population, resulting in huge economic losses annually. Consequently, accurate laboratory diagnosis is crucial for the rapid confirmation of PRRSV infections.

Research advances of amorphous metal oxides with the feature of Pseudocapacitance behavior in Lithium ion battery.

Amorphous metal oxides have emerged as a promising class of materials for advanced energy storage applications, owing to their unique structural characteristics including abundant defects/vacancies, highly permeable diffusion networks, and isotropic stress distribution. However, many studies have provided detailed descriptions and explanations of crystalline metal oxides, there is a lack of corresponding reviews on amorphous metal oxide materials, especially in terms of their applications in lithium-ion electrochemical energy storage and conversion. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes recent advancements in pseudocapacitive amorphous metal oxide anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

Construction of a cell model with membrane-surface expression of canine PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins in 293T cells by using eukaryotic expression systems.

Breakthrough progress has been made in the molecular mechanism research and clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 in the regulation of immunosuppression and tolerance mainly in human and mouse fields, but is relatively slow in other species. The eukaryotic expression vectors pECFP-Fc-1 and pEYFP-Fc-L1 for high expression of canine PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins were constructed and transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 T cells. Fluorescence microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and immunofluorescence technology were used to identify the expression and membrane localization of the target proteins in human embryonic kidney 293 T cells.

Identification of carbon dioxide receptors in the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).

Carbon dioxide (CO) plays a crucial role in the host search/localization process of bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L., and Cimex hemipterus (F.).

Ultrasonic-assisted molecular probe for turn-on electrochemical and fluorescence dual-mode detection of GSH in human serum.

A molecular probe, 3-oxo-3H-phenoxazin-7-yl thiophene-2-carboxylate (RD), was synthesized using resorufin (Re) as the substrate for the specific recognition of glutathione (GSH). Ultrasonic waves were employed to enhance the reaction efficiency between the molecular probe and GSH. The molecular probe was designed to exhibit specific recognition ability for GSH.

Lethal and sublethal effects of three dust products on the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).

Desiccant dusts have been shown to be effective materials in the management of bed bugs (Cimex spp.). Past research primarily focused on exploring the direct lethal effect of dusts against bed bugs, whereas information on their sublethal effects on bed bugs are limited.

NIR-triggered temperature-sensitive polydopamine nanosystem with rapid phase transition for on-demand release to enhance antibacterial and antibiofilm performance.

The antibiotic abuse and bacterial biofilm barriers pose a formidable challenge to global public health. To address this issue, we developed a near-infrared (NIR)-triggered temperature-sensitive polydopamine nanosystem (PDA@Ag@Cur@PCM) by integrating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and curcumin (Cur) with the phase change material 1-tetradecanol. The system achieved NIR-triggered on-demand drug release and synergistic photothermal-chemo antibacterial, significantly enhancing antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy.

Tweaking the electrochemical potential of nitrogen-rich Ce-PTA-MOF with reduced graphene oxide for use as a hybrid supercapacitor.

The scarcity of efficient energy storage devices (ESDs) demands the design of hybrid supercapacitors that integrate the properties of batteries and supercapacitors into one unit. Amongst the various known electrode materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), due to their high porosity and unique electrochemical features, have come forward to boost the electrochemical performance of ESDs. However, the low conductivity of MOFs hinders their practical applications, and researchers are trying to address this issue by designing various strategies that unlock their extraordinary potential.

Integrated analysis of methylomic and transcriptomic profiles in fetal mouse hypothalamus in response to maternal gestational exposure to arsenic.

Background: Gestational exposure to arsenic poses significant risks to fetal development by crossing the placental barrier and disrupting key physiological systems. Although animal studies suggest arsenic impairs hypothalamic development and neuroendocrine function, the precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Methods: Pregnant ICR mice were divided into control and arsenic-exposed groups, with the exposed group receiving 4 mg/L of As₂O₃ in deionized water during gestation.

Mechanistic Insights into T-2 Toxin-Induced Thymic Epithelial Cell Injury and Immunotoxicity via the ROS-NF-κB-NLRP3 Signaling Axis.

Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are critical for thymic structure and function, yet the impact of T-2 toxin (T-2) on TECs and related molecular pathways remains unclear. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of T-2-induced TEC damage, focusing on the ROS-NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling axis. The and analyses suggest that T-2 induces TEC injury through ROS-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation, NF-κB signaling, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Colorimetric nanozyme sensor based on chain-like PtNi nanoparticles for nitrite ion detection in food samples.

Here, we combine the peroxidase-like activity of chain-like PtNi nanoparticles (PtNi CNPs) and diazotization reaction to construct a dual-signal ratiometric colorimetric platform for nitrite ion detection. Compared to Pt NPs, PtNi CNPs exhibit better peroxidase-like activities with Michaelis constant (K) of 0.15 mM and maximum reaction rate (V) of 8.

Discovery of novel β-carboline/melatonin hybrids as STAT3 inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer via increasing DNA damage.

Based on the facts that significant synergistic effects exist between STAT3 inhibitors and DNA damage agents, we herein designed and synthesized a series of β-carboline/melatonin hybrids as STAT3 inhibitors via increasing DNA damage. Among them, DT10 exhibited superior in vitro antitumor potency against A549 and HepG2 cells, with IC values of 0.44 and 1.

Two-mode ratiometric electrochemical and turn-on fluorescence strategy for detecting biothiols in serum with all-in-one molecular probe.

Reactive sulfur species (RSS) play crucial roles in human physiology, with biothiols like hydrogen sulfide (HS), cysteine (Cys), and glutathione (GSH) being key regulators of oxidative stress and signal transduction. Here, a dual-mode resorufin-based (Re) small-molecule probe (Re-RSS) with electrochemical and fluorescent properties was developed for biothiol detection. Using a ratiometric electrochemical strategy and a "turn-on" fluorescence method, Re-RSS enabled sensitive quantification of HS, Cys, and GSH.