Involvement of the E2-like enzyme Atg3 in fungal development and virulence of .

Autophagy is a fundamental cellular degradation and recycling system that is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, responding to stress, and ensuring the proper functioning of cells. To date, the biological functions of autophagy in the plant-pathogenic fungus remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized the E2-like enzyme Atg3 in .

Osten Sacken, 1865 (Diptera, Limoniidae) in China: Taxonomic Review, Updated Distribution, and DNA Barcoding.

The genus Osten Sacken, 1865 from China is taxonomically reviewed using an integrative approach that combines detailed morphological examination and molecular analysis. (Alexander, 1947), a species widely distributed across the Palaearctic region, is newly recorded from China. Updated distributional data are presented for species known from China: (Linnaeus, 1758), (Alexander, 1942), Alexander, 1924, and (Alexander, 1930).

Host-Dependent Variation in Fitness and Microbiota Composition Across Strawberry Cultivars.

, commonly known as the two-spotted spider mite, is a highly adaptable and polyphagous arthropod in the family Tetranychidae, capable of feeding on over 1200 plant species, including strawberries ( Duch.). The fitness and microbiota of herbivorous arthropods can vary significantly across different plant species and cultivars.

Immobilization of laccase on biochar for the remediation of organic pollutants: A comprehensive review.

The resolution of long-residue, carcinogenic, and mutagenic organic pollutants has become a critical global challenge. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of biochar-immobilized laccase systems for the remediation of organic pollutants. The background and significance of research in this field are first introduced, followed by an emphasis on the major challenges and limitations currently encountered.

Conditional effects of on microbiota in an invasive whitefly under different ecological factors.

, a vital symbiont in Mediterranean (MED), can influence the microbiota in MED under high temperatures. However, the effects of infection on the microbiota in MED with different genetic backgrounds under different ecological factors still remain poorly understood. In this study, based on full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiments, the effects of infection on the microbiota in two MED geographical populations with different genetic backgrounds were determined with particular attention to ecological factors such as high-temperature treatment and host-plant switching.

Zinc exerts antifungal activity against Fusarium pseudograminearum by interfering with ROS accumulation regulated by transcription factor FpYap1.

Background: Fusarium pseudograminearum is the causative agent of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) in wheat and barley, a serious soil-borne disease worldwide. The main control method of FCR is the application of chemical fungicides. However, environmental risks are non-negligible.

Contamination remediation and risk assessment of four typical long-residual herbicides: A timely review.

In agricultural weed management, the use of long-residual herbicides provides benefits such as reduced application frequency and labor savings. However, as with any approach, there are potential limitations. Long-residual herbicides may have adverse effects on subsequent sensitive crops, soil health, and non-target beneficial organisms.

Evaluation of Pupal Parasitoids and as Potential Biological Control Agents of .

Parasitoid wasps are vital for biological control, and while new species continue to be discovered, evaluating their biological characteristics is crucial for realizing their potential for pest management. (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a well-studied parasitoid of dipteran pests, while Sureshan & Narendran (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) has been only morphologically described. To assess its biocontrol potential, we compared the biological traits of and using Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) as hosts.

SePGRP-SA promotes antiviral immunity in Spodoptera exigua via Toll pathway activation.

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are essential components of innate immunity that are highly conserved in both insects and mammals. While their roles in antibacterial and antifungal defense have been extensively investigated, their contributions to antiviral immunity remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that SePGRP-SA is predominantly expressed in the fat body of Spodoptera exigua and is significantly upregulated following infection with Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV).

Geometrically and Micromechanically Optimized Sprayable Short Fibers for Precision Pesticide Delivery.

Pesticides are crucial for global food security, but improving their efficient use to reduce environmental losses remains a key challenge for sustainable agriculture. One promising solution is enhancing pesticide adhesion to hydrophobic waxy leaf surface. Inspired by the dynamics of pinball machines, it is developed sprayable short-fiber carriers composed of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate) using electrospinning technique and aminolysis.

Development and evaluation of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay for rapid on-site detection of cucumber mosaic virus.

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) globally causes substantial yield reduction and economic losses across a wide range of crops. Current diagnostic methods predominantly rely on laboratory-based techniques requiring stringent laboratory conditions and specialized expertise, limiting practicality for field-based detection. To address these limitations, we developed a novel colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay (CGIA) for rapid and reliable CMV detection.

Identification of a novel phenuivirus with an unusual ambisense genome from the ascomycete fungus Fusarium fujikuroi.

A novel virus, tentatively named "Fusarium fujikuroi negative-strand RNA virus 1" (FfNSRV1), was identified in a Fusarium fujikuroi strain isolated from a small brown planthopper. The FfNSRV1 genome consists of three negative-sense, single-stranded RNA segments (RNA1-3) with lengths of 6649, 1609, and 1380 nt, respectively. The viral complementary (vc) strand (positive sense) of RNA1 encodes a large protein (∼252 kDa) containing a conserved domain of the bunyavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) superfamily, with the highest sequence similarity (40-44% identity) to the RdRPs encoded by established members of the genus Coguvirus in the family Phenuiviridae.

Feeding Preferences Shift from Protein to Carbohydrates Across Life Stages in a Phloeophagus Bark Beetle Species.

Understanding stage-specific nutritional requirements is essential for determining insect feeding strategies and developing targeted pest management approaches. We examined the feeding preferences, developmental duration, survival rates, and digestive efficiency of the mountain pine beetle across different life stages under different nutritional conditions. We tested three artificial diets with varying protein-to-carbohydrate ratios, including high-protein-low-carbohydrate (HP-LC), medium-protein-medium-carbohydrate (MP-MC), and low-protein-high-carbohydrate (LP-HC).

Deciphering pollinator exposure hazards: Systemic translocation and accumulation of seed-coating pesticides in maize and their synergistic exposure risk to bees.

Seed coating agents, especially neonicotinoid-fungicide combinations, is widely used for crop pest and disease control, their distribution behavior and potential ecological risks are largely overlooked. This study aimed to reveal the translocation pattern of 7 seed-coating pesticides in maize tissues and leaf guttation, and the exposure risk to bees. Hydrophilic pesticides including thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, clothianidin, and metalaxyl-M (log K = -0.

The Post-Invasion Population Dynamics and Damage Caused by Globose Scale in Central Eurasia: Destiny of Wild Apricot Still at Stake.

The globose scale (GS) (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is a serious pest affecting plants within the Rosaceae, notably wild apricot, (Lamarck). Following its initial detection in 2019, more than 80% of valleys with wild apricots have become affected in the Ili River Basin of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. This study assessed GS population dynamics post invasion and its effects on the growth and reproductive traits of wild apricot trees from 2019 to 2024.

New mutations of acetylcholinesterase in Bactrocera dorsalis populations across southern China and impact on resistance to organophosphate.

Bactrocera dorsalis, a highly destructive and invasive fruit pest, has spread from the south to the north, significantly increasing the risk to agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. Currently, chemical insecticides remain the primary method of controlling B. dorsalis.

Establishment of an embryonic cell line of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and in vitro replication of Cydia pomonella granulovirus in it.

The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest of fruit trees worldwide. In this study, an embryonic cell line QAU-Gm-E-L of the oriental fruit moth was successfully established. The cells grew adherently, round cells and spindle cells accounted for 43.

Screened potential dsRNA targets in the digestive system of adult flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata: psJHBP-like and psaaNAT-like for enhancing RNAi pest control.

Background: The flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata is a major pest of Cruciferae crops, exhibiting strong resistance to chemical pesticides. RNA interference (RNAi) has evolved into an innovative method for managing pests. This study aims to evaluate the potential of spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) as a management strategy for P.

Distinct effects of two dominant enteric bacteria on the developmental performance of spodoptera frugiperda and their association with physiological metabolism.

Enteric bacteria can play an important role in the developmental performance of their insect hosts. The present study revealed that two dominant enteric bacteria, Enterococcus mundtii and Enterococcus casseliflavus, are present in the gut of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae on different host plants (maize and rice). However, the role of the two dominant bacteria in S.

Coordination of the host Vps4-Vta1 complex and the viral core protein Ac93 facilitates entry of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus budded virions.

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is a protein machine mediating membrane scission. In intraluminal vesicle (ILV) formation, ESCRT-0 targets cargoes and recruits ESCRT-I/-II to create membrane invagination, whereas ESCRT-III coordinates with the AAA ATPase Vps4 and its cofactor Vta1 to catalyze the membrane fission. Recently, ESCRT-I/-III and Vps4 were found to be involved in the entry of the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV).

Gut symbionts affect Plutella xylostella (L.) susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole.

Plutella xylostella, a globally economically important pest of cruciferous crops, has varying degrees of resistance to almost all insecticides. Insect gut microbiotas have a variety of physiological functions, and recent studies have shown that they have some potential connection with insecticide resistance. Here, we use metagenomics to analyze the differences in gut microbiota among 5 different populations of P.

The Nuclear Effector MiISE23 From Meloidogyne incognita Targets JAZ Proteins and Suppresses Jasmonate Signalling, Increasing Host Susceptibility.

Meloidogyne incognita is an economically important plant-parasitic nematode that can infect thousands of different plant species. During its interaction with host plants, M. incognita synthesises numerous effectors in oesophageal glands, which are then secreted into plant tissues.

The sweet taste inhibitor lactisole affects aphid feeding behavior and performance.

Aphids and numerous other phloem-feeding insects primarily rely on sucrose in the phloem to locate their feeding sites. However, it is still unclear whether this sweet perception process could serve as a target for aphid control. In this study, we investigated the impact of the sweet taste inhibitor sodium salt of 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-propionic acid (lactisole), a widely used food additive that binds to sugar receptors, on the feeding behavior and performance of aphids.