Structural Dynamics of Dengue Virus UTRs and Their Cyclization.

The dengue virus (DENV) poses a significant threat to human health, accounting for approximately 400 million infections each year. Its genome features a circular structure that facilitates replication through long-range RNA-RNA interactions, utilizing cyclization sequences located in the untranslated regions (UTRs). To gain new insights into the organization of the DENV genome, we purified the 5' and 3' UTRs of DENV in vitro and examined their structural and binding properties using various biophysical techniques combined with computational methods.

Rationale and Design of the Comparative Effectiveness of ICD Versus Non-ICD Therapy in Contemporary Heart Failure Patients at a Low Risk for Arrhythmic Death (CONTEMP-ICD) trial.

Background: Current recommendations for a prophylactic (primary prevention) implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in patients with both ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) originate from clinical trials conducted in selected patients over 20 years ago that showed an overall statistically significant survival benefit associated with a primary prevention ICD in the range of 23%-34%. The recent introduction of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors [ARNI] and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors [SGLT2i]) was shown to further reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with HFrEF. Thus, there is an unmet need appropriately designed comparative effectiveness clinical trials aimed to reassess the survival benefit of a primary prevention ICD in contemporary patients with HFrEF.

Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Whirling Disease-Resistant Gunnison River Rainbow Trout.

Whirling disease is a debilitating disease of Rainbow Trout caused by Myxobolus cerebralis. The parasite invasion leads to skeletal deformities, neurological impairment, and high mortality. Since its introduction to North America, M.

Exploring potential protein-protein interactions driving unusual fatty acid synthesis in pomegranate.

Many plant-derived unusual fatty acids (UFAs) possess valuable chemical properties and have potential applications in the food, feed, and oleochemical industries. Despite significant interest, the mechanisms by which plants synthesize and accumulate these structurally distinct fatty acids remain only partially understood. While enzyme substrate specificities involved in UFA-containing storage lipid assembly have been well characterized in many prior studies, the biochemical roles of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in coordinating UFA biosynthesis have received less attention.

Patient-reported efficacy of adjunctive brexpiprazole in major depressive disorder in a phase 4, open-label, interventional study.

Objectives: In ENGAGE, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) demonstrated improvements in patient-reported depression and life engagement while taking adjunctive brexpiprazole. This analysis aimed to further characterize patient perspectives on the effects of adjunctive brexpiprazole, using patient diary data from ENGAGE, and describe development of a 'word of the day' activity.

Methods: Prior to ENGAGE, word lists describing a 'good,' 'average,' and 'bad' day with depression were generated from semi-structured interviews with patients with MDD.

Omics Insights Into the Effects of Highbush Blueberry and Cranberry Crop Agroecosystems on Honey Bee Health and Physiology.

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are vital pollinators in fruit-producing agroecosystems like highbush blueberry (HBB) and cranberry (CRA). However, their health is threatened by multiple interacting stressors, including pesticides, pathogens, and nutritional changes. We tested the hypothesis that distinct agricultural ecosystems-with different combinations of agrochemical exposure, pathogen loads, and floral resources-elicit ecosystem-specific, tissue-level molecular responses in honey bees.

Intracameral lidocaine reduces pain in cataract surgery, but only a little bit.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of intracameral lidocaine during routine cataract surgery.

Design: Prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.

Participants: Adult patients undergoing routine phacoemulsification cataract extraction in a chartered surgical facility in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, were enrolled in the study.

Early preschool wheeze trajectories are predominantly non-allergic with distinct biologic and microbiome traits.

Background: Disentangling preschool wheezing heterogeneity in terms of clinical traits, temporal patterns, and collective healthcare burden is critical for precise and effective interventions.

Objective: We aimed to collectively define contributions and distinct characteristics of respiratory phenotypes based on longitudinal wheeze and atopic sensitization patterns in the first 5 years of life.

Methods: Group-based trajectory analysis was performed in the CHILD Cohort study to identify distinct wheeze and allergic sensitization trajectories.

Impact of nucleation temperature and hydroxyethyl starch on ice crystal growth: Implications for cell viability during extreme temperature fluctuations.

Extreme temperature fluctuations during routine handling and shipping of cryopreserved cell products significantly compromise product quality in ways that extend beyond the duration and peak temperature of the fluctuation. The type of cryoprotectant used and the initial ice nucleation temperature influence ice crystal growth during rewarming events, in turn impacting cell survival. Using a cryomicroscope together with temperature profiles recorded in cord-blood units, ice crystal growth was tracked through five transient-warming events (TWEs) that peaked at -30 °C, -20 °C, or -10 °C.

The Organization of Central Retinal Projections in Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna) and Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia castanotis).

Hummingbirds (family Trochilidae) are easily recognized due to their unique ability to hover. Critical to hovering flight is head and body stabilization. In birds, stabilization during flight is mediated, among other things, by the detection of optic flow, the motion that occurs across the entire retina during self-motion.

Over 30 Years of Neonatal Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation From a Regional Program.

This referral center's prospective inception-cohort study from 1989 to 2000 (Era 1) and 2000 to 2022 (Era 2) included 232 consecutive children having neonatal respiratory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Kindergarten-age outcomes determined in 137/139 (95.8%) survivors were Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence, Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI), and sensorimotor disability, with optimal outcome defined as scores greater than or equal to 80 and without disability.

Structural Elements of Dwarf Open Reading Frame Required for Activation of the Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Pump.

The sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump (SERCA) is a P-type ATPase that plays a critical role in intracellular calcium signaling. SERCA maintains the calcium gradient between the cytosol and the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum, which is essential for a variety of physiological events including the muscle contraction-relaxation cycle. In cardiac muscle, SERCA is regulated by transmembrane peptides phospholamban (PLN) and dwarf open reading frame (DWORF).

Metabolomics reveal distinct molecular pathways associated with future risk of Crohn's Disease.

Host - microbiome interactions are central to Crohn'sdisease (CD) pathogenesis; yet the early metabolic alterations that precededisease onset remain poorly defined. To explore preclinical metabolicsignatures of CD, we analyzed baseline serum metabolomic profiles in a nestedcase-control study within the Crohn's and Colitis Canada - Genetics, Environment, Microbiome (CCC-GEM) Project, a prospective cohort of 5,122 healthyfirst-degree relatives (FDRs) of CD patients. We included 78 individuals wholater developed CD and 311 matched FDRs who remained disease-free.

Network Meta-Analysis of Quality of Life in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background: Although the effects of various combinations of treatments on mortality and morbidity outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have been evaluated, the impact on quality of life is unknown. This study evaluated and compared the composite impact of pharmacological therapies on quality of life in HFrEF using a frequentist network meta-analysis and systematic review methodology.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials published between January 1, 2021 and August 10, 2024.

'' Exploring long COVID (LC)'s impact on social and leisure well-being for individuals and caregivers.

Long COVID (LC) affects physical health and cognition, limiting participation in social and leisure activities. As a novel disabling condition following a COVID-19 infection, informal caregivers of those with LC have taken on expanded roles, including educating themselves on this diagnosis. Gathering insights from people living with LC (PWLC) and their caregivers is crucial for understanding its impact on well-being and identifying targeted rehabilitation practices across the LC care pathway.

Perceptions of the Benefits and Risks of Novel Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Novel therapies, including disease-modifying and cell replacement therapies, may preserve or replace beta cells in people with type 1 diabetes. This study sought to understand how people living with type 1 diabetes or caring for someone with type 1 diabetes perceive the benefits and risks of novel therapies.

Methods: Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 participants in the United States: four adolescents and 12 adults with type 1 diabetes, and 10 caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes.

Levetiracetam Dosing Optimization in Neurocritical Care Population: Neuro-ARC Study.

Background: Levetiracetam, a first-line antiseizure medication, is primarily eliminated through the kidneys, with approximately 66% renal elimination. Consequently, its pharmacokinetics are significantly influenced by kidney function. Augmented renal clearance (ARC), a condition characterized by renal hyperfiltration, is frequently observed in critical care settings and can profoundly impact the disposition of renally eliminated drugs such as levetiracetam.

Disease burden and health-related outcomes of patients discharged from hospital following a COPD exacerbation in the United States.

Background: Evidence on trajectory of readmission rates post-hospitalization for COPD exacerbations and combined cardiopulmonary risk in the U.S. is sparse.

Physics-informed neural network for hydraulic prediction in open-channel water transfer projects with sparse monitoring data.

Open-channel water transfer projects play a crucial role in addressing regional water supply-demand imbalances, and real-time, comprehensive, and accurate acquisition of their hydrodynamic spatiotemporal evolution is essential for ensuring safety and efficiency of water conveyance and optimizing scheduling strategies. While hydraulic monitoring systems and numerical simulations are potential solutions, the former struggles to balance the number of monitoring points with cost constraints to achieve comprehensive and economically feasible measurements, and the latter requires clear boundary conditions and key parameters that often pose challenges in practical scenarios. This paper presents a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN)-based method applied to predicting hydraulic transients in open channels, incorporating sparse monitoring data and physical laws.

Retrospective Analysis of Expansile Duraplasty as Surgical Adjunct After Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

Study DesignRetrospective single-center review.ObjectivesAssess whether expansile duraplasty was associated with greater motor recovery in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) compared with bony decompression alone.MethodsRetrospective chart review was conducted for patients who underwent surgical stabilization and decompression for tSCI at a level-1 trauma center.

Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Analyses Reveal a Novel Antiapoptotic Mechanism of Peptide IRW in the Arteries of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats through the Reduction of Ceramide Levels and Arachidonic Acid Release.

IRW, an antihypertensive peptide derived from ovotransferrin, has been shown to lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) by upregulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is cardioprotective and a well-documented inhibitor of apoptosis. This study aims to investigate the anti-apoptotic effects of IRW and its underlying mechanism in SHRs' vasculature.