Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Whirling Disease-Resistant Gunnison River Rainbow Trout.

Whirling disease is a debilitating disease of Rainbow Trout caused by Myxobolus cerebralis. The parasite invasion leads to skeletal deformities, neurological impairment, and high mortality. Since its introduction to North America, M.

Single-cell RNA-seq profiling of individual Biomphalaria glabrata immune cells with a focus on immunologically relevant transcripts.

The immune cells of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata are classified into hyalinocyte and granulocyte subtypes. Both subtypes are essential for the proper functioning of the snail immune response, which we understand best within the context of how it responds to challenge with the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Granulocytes are adherent phagocytic cells that possess conspicuous granules within the cell cytoplasm.

Coordination of humoral immune factors dictates compatibility between and .

Immune factors in snails of the genus are critical for combating , the predominant cause of human intestinal schistosomiasis. Independently, many of these factors play an important role in, but do not fully define, the compatibility between the model snail , and . Here, we demonstrate association between four previously characterized humoral immune molecules; FREP3, TEP1, FREP2 and Biomphalysin.

Granulin Increases Resistance to Infection in Several Species and Induces the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Haemocytes.

Gastropod molluscs, which have co-evolved with parasitic digenean trematodes for millions of years, utilize circulating heamocytes as the primary method of containing and killing these invading parasites. In order to do so, they must generate suitable amounts of haemocytes that are properly armed to kill parasitic worms. One method by which they generate the haemocytes required to initiate the appropriate cell mediated immune response is via the production and post-translational processing of granulins.

Bacterial and fungal keratitis in Upper Egypt: in vitro screening of enzymes, toxins and antifungal activity.

Purpose: This work was conducted to study the ability of bacterial and fungal isolates from keratitis cases in Upper Egypt to produce enzymes, toxins, and to test the isolated fungal species sensitivity to some therapeutic agents.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients clinically diagnosed to have microbial keratitis were investigated. From these cases, 37 bacterial isolates and 25 fungal isolates were screened for their ability to produce extra-cellular enzymes in solid media.