Progress of a Novel Dentistry Teaching Model Based on the Combination of Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Optimizing Cognitive Load: A Systematic Review.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have advanced significantly over the past few decades, expanding into various fields, including dental education.

Purpose: To comprehensively review the application of VR and AI technologies in dentistry training, focusing on their impact on cognitive load management and skill enhancement. This study systematically summarizes the existing literature by means of a scoping review to explore the effects of the application of these technologies and to explore future directions.

TCR/BCR Secondary Rearrangement in Autoimmune Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms, Pathogenic Roles, and Therapeutic Frontiers.

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) constitute a group of disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's tissues. The pathogenesis of AIDs involve a breakdown in immune tolerance, culminating in an immune response that targets autoantigens. In adaptive immunity, secondary rearrangement of T cell receptors (TCRs) and B cell receptors (BCRs) involves sequential V(D)J recombination events during lymphocyte development.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles: A promising nano-antimicrobial agent for sustainable management of bacterial leaf streak in rice.

Rice bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) significantly reduces rice yield and quality. Traditional chemical control methods often have limited efficacy and raise environmental concerns, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternatives.

Adsorption-desorption behavior of difenoconazole onto soils: Kinetics, isotherms, and influencing factors.

Difenoconazole (DFC) is a commonly used triazole fungicide known for its high efficiency and environmental persistence. A thorough understanding of its environmental behavior, particularly sorption in soil, is critical to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risk of DFC. In this study, three soils with distinct physicochemical properties (brown soil, cinnamon soil, and fluvo-aquic soil) were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms of DFC on soil.

Splicing factor Nova regulates the splice variants in exons 3 and 6 of GABA receptor subunit RDL from Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

The insect ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor is an important insecticide target, and alternative splicing (AS) among exons 3a, 3b, 6a, and 6b of its RDL subunit is ubiquitous in insects; however, the AS factors and mechanisms remain unclear. While the neuro-oncological ventral antigen (Nova) is known to regulate AS of the γ2 subunit of mammalian GABA receptors, its role in insects remains unexplored. Two CsNova isoforms, CsNova-X1 and CsNova-X3, were identified by BLAST in the third-generation transcriptome of Chilo suppressalis.

First synergistic application of nanocarrier-loaded metaflumizone and parasitic wasps: A high-efficiency green pest control strategy.

The improper use of chemical pesticides threatens ecosystems and human health, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Nano-pesticides and biological control agents offer a solution, and their combination can reduce pesticide usage and improve pest control efficacy. This study utilized a star polycation (SPc) to prepare a metaflumizone nano-pesticide and combined it with the egg parasitoid (Telenomus remus) for synergistic pest management.

Efficient degradation mechanism of fomesafen by earthworms and gut degrading bacteria synthetic community.

Fomesafen (FSA), a diphenyl ether herbicide, causes toxicity to non-target organisms and subsequent crops. Vermi-remediation is advocated as an effective remediation method, but there has been no research on the isolation and mechanism of FSA-degradation strains from earthworm gut. In this study, three ecotypes of earthworms- Eisenia foetida (epigeic), Metaphire guillelmi (anecic), and Aporrectodea caliginosa (endogenic), were used to investigate the degradation mechanism of FSA in soil-plant-earthworm systems for the first time.

A strain of mycovirus AaVV1 mediates hypovirulence of Alternaria species.

The genus Alternaria comprises a wide range of ubiquitous plant pathogens that affect various host plants. Certain mycoviruses can induce changes in the biological characteristics and virulence of host fungi, offering potential for biocontrol in managing fungal plant diseases. Here, we identified a mycovirus with a high degree of homology to Alternaria arborescens victorivirus 1 (AaVV1), which was previously reported from Alternaria arborescens, in the QRH strain of the heterologous host Alternaria gomphrenae.

Jinggangmycin-induced NlPR-L and NlABD4-L genes regulate fecundity in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a typical insecticide-induced resurgence rice pest that causes severe damage to rice in Asian countries. Previous studies have shown that the fungicide Jinggangmycin (JGM), used to control rice sheath blight disease, can stimulate BPH fecundity; however, the molecular mechanism remains to be further explored. In this study, based on transcriptomic analysis, we found that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was significantly enriched in BPH after feeding on JGM-treated rice, where the NlPR-L and NlABD4-L genes were significantly upregulated.

CYP72A15 confers resistance against penoxsulam to Echinochloa phyllopogon.

As the weed Echinochloa phyllopogon has rapidly developed multi- and cross-resistance to several herbicides, we aimed to determine the mechanism underlying penoxsulam resistance in weeds. There was no target mutation in the tested population, and P450 enzyme activity was significantly higher in the penoxsulam-treated resistant population, confirming that non-target-site resistance was dominant. The antioxidant enzyme activity of the resistant population was higher than that of the sensitive population following the application of the penoxsulam and cleared HO faster.

Mitochondria-targeted NIR fluorescent probe for detection of hydrogen sulfide and its application in monitoring food freshness and bioimaging.

Background: The hydrogen sulfide (HS) in spoilage of raw meat poses significant food safety risks to human health. Meanwhile, as a signaling molecule, HS is crucial for maintaining human physiological homeostasis. Thus, the establishment of an efficient method for HS detection is essential for safeguarding human health.

A ratiometric dual-channel fluorescent probe for selective Zn/Cd sensing: Applications in food quality control, real-time monitoring in living cells, and mice.

Background: Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) ions are ubiquitous in industrial and daily life. Despite their critical impact on food safety and human health, current probes face significant limitations in simultaneously detecting both ions in complex food matrices.

Results: Herein, we successfully developed a pyrene-based FRET ratiometric fluorescent probe QP for the highly selective detection of Zn and Cd.

Low-potential pyrene-coordinated MOFs and CoSOH nanosheets: An electrochemiluminescence energy resonance transfer system for aflatoxin B1 detection.

Background: Of the mycotoxins, aflatoxin is the most significant. The detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is crucial for ensuring food safety, as this highly carcinogenic toxin readily contaminates crops such as grains and nuts, and timely detection can effectively prevent associated health risks. The selection of luminophores is of paramount importance in the detection of ECL (electrochemiluminescence).

Dual-emission center ratiometric fluorescence probes based on biomass carbon dots for metal ions detection in water and three-level anti-counterfeiting.

Background: In the contemporary era of rapid digital advancement, information security is closely associated with our daily life. From personal information to state secrets, all domains are intricately linked with information. Consequently, the significance of information security has garnered growing attention from an ever-increasing number of individuals.

Multi-scale convolutional attention GRU network combined with improved CARS strategy to determine key elements in ores by XRF.

Background: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology is a promising method for estimating the metal element content in ores, which helps in understanding ore composition and optimizing mining and processing strategies. However, due to the presence of a large number of redundant features in XRF spectra, traditional quantitative analysis models struggle to effectively capture the nonlinear relationship between element concentration and spectral information of XRF, making it more difficult to accurately predict metal element concentrations. Thus, analyzing ore element concentrations by XRF remains a significant challenge.

Mn-doped carbon dots-based fluorescent-colorimetric dual-mode probes for selective and sensitive detection of Cr(VI) ions and l-ascorbic acid via smartphone-integrated analytical platform.

Background: Hexavalent chromium ions (Cr(VI)), a notorious toxic heavy metal pollutant with proven carcinogenicity, endangers human health and the environment. Meanwhile, l-ascorbic acid (L-AA), a vital biological antioxidant, has abnormal levels closely tied to various diseases. Developing efficient synchronous detection methods for these two key analytes is of great value in clinical and environmental monitoring.

Research progress of DNA barcoding in precision medicine and molecular diagnosis- A review.

Background: A DNA barcode is a short DNA fragment used to classify and identify specific organisms, taking advantage of the specificity and diversity inherent in biological molecules. Since Herbert introduced the concept in 2003, DNA barcoding has been increasingly used in precision medicine and related fields, including species identification and environmental monitoring, over the past few decades. Although numerous molecular diagnostic techniques have emerged, many face notable obstacles such as sensitivity to handling conditions, high expenses, and limitations in accuracy.

A dansyl-quinolinium-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting HSO/SO in living cells.

Background: Sulfur dioxide (SO) is recognized as a major atmospheric pollutant and its excessive emissions can pose a great threat to the environment, flora and fauna, and human health. Long-term exposure to excessive SO can cause chronic poisoning, leading to neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases. However, there are two sides to everything.

Enhancing D retention index accuracy: Correcting D retention time shifts in GC×GC due to modulation timing deviations via line detection technology.

Even small deviations in modulation timing (DMT) can cause discrepancies between the originally set modulation period (P) and the actual P in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) analysis. This study explored the impact of DMT on the accuracy of the second dimensional retention time (t) and the second dimensional retention index (I) calculations and introduced a line detection technology (LDT) based on the Hough Transform to correct DMT-induced t shifts. The correction was achieved by automatically adjusting candidate P values until the slope of the line(s) (CB_line(s)) formed by column bleeding compound peaks in the isothermal section of the contour plot approached zero, thereby determining the actual P.

Three-dimensional histological electrophoresis with fluorescence labeling for detection of malignant tissue contours in precise conserving surgery.

Background: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is the primary surgical approach for patients with breast cancer. The accurate determination of surgical margins during BCS is critical for patient prognosis; however, time constraints and limitations in current pathological techniques often prevent pathologists from performing this assessment intraoperatively. The inability to reliably assess margins during surgery can lead to incomplete tumor removal and the need for additional surgeries.

A novel ICT ratiometric fluorescent probe for intelligent visualization, and quantitative detection of residual daminozide in food.

Background: Daminozide is a commonly utilized plant growth regulator. Both daminozide and its hydrolysis product, 1,1-dimethyl hydrazine ((CH)NNH), exhibit carcinogenic and teratogenic toxicity. Accurate detection of daminozide in food is of great significance to human health.

Cystic Echinococcosis and Taenia spp. Infections in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Geographical Distribution.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and Taenia spp. infections are major zoonotic helminthiases with substantial public health and economic burdens, particularly in endemic regions. Despite their classification as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), these tapeworm infections remain understudied in Nigeria.

Targeting the KRAS-p38-ATF4 axis enhances the therapeutic sensitivity of the peptide PDBAG1 in ovarian cancer via stress response modulation.

We previously screened a peptide PDBAG1 that remarkably inhibited triple-negative breast cancer, and found that its target was C1QBP. Recently, C1QBP has been reported as a potential tumor marker in ovarian cancer, which of the mortality rate ranks first among malignant tumors of the female reproductive tract. However, it is unclear whether and how PDBAG1 plays a regulatory role in ovarian cancer.

A dynamic spatiotemporal representation framework for deciphering personal brain function.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) opens a window on observing spontaneous activities of the human brain in vivo. However, the high complexity of fMRI signals makes brain functional representations intractable. Here, we introduce a state decomposition method to reduce this complexity and decipher individual brain functions at multiple levels.