Genome-wide identification of in and the role of in rubber biosynthesis.

Oliv., a Tertiary period relict tree species endemic to China, is a rubber-producing plant valued for both medicinal and edible applications. rubber is a high-quality natural rubber prized for its excellent elasticity, abrasion resistance, and insulation properties, leading to broad industrial applications.

ZmMYB104 Enhances Heat-Stress Tolerance by Activating ZmCAT2 Expression in Maize.

Temperature fluctuations critically affect plant growth, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie heat-stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) remain to be fully characterized. Here, we examined the role of the MYB transcription factor ZmMYB104 in thermotolerance regulation and identified its downstream target genes.

Research Advances in Multiple Embryos and Apomixis in Rice ( L.).

A typical seed of rice ( L.) gives rise to a single seedling. In contrast, seeds from multiple embryos may develop into two or more seedlings, one of which is generated via sexual reproduction, while the others are likely to originate through apomictic pathways.

Reticulate allopolyploidy and subsequent dysploidy drive evolution and diversification in the cotton family.

Polyploidy and subsequent post-polyploid diploidization (PPD) are key drivers of plant genome evolution, yet their contributions to evolutionary success remain debated. Here, we analyze the Malvaceae family as an exemplary system for elucidating the evolutionary role of polyploidy and PPD in angiosperms, leveraging 11 high-quality chromosome-scale genomes from all nine subfamilies, including newly sequenced, near telomere-to-telomere assemblies from four of these subfamilies. Our findings reveal a complex reticulate paleoallopolyploidy history early in the diversification of the Malvadendrina clade, characterized by multiple rounds of species radiation punctuated by ancient allotetraploidization (Mal-β) and allodecaploidization (Mal-α) events around the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary.

Soybean Confers Salt-Alkali Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Plants.

In order to mitigate the reduction in soybean yield caused by soil salinization, a soybean gene, , which promotes plant tolerance to salt-alkali stress, was identified in this study. The STRING database was used to predict the interaction between GmSNF4 and GmPKS4. The gene was experimentally shown to be involved in salt-alkali stress tolerance.

Regulation of DNA Methylation in Peanut Leaves and Roots: Uncovering the Molecular Mechanisms for Increased Yield After Single-Seed Sowing.

Cytosine methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification that responds to various environmental cues, yet the specific mechanisms influencing planting patterns remain incompletely understood. This study reveals significant growth differences between single-seed (SS) precision sowing and double-seed (DS) sowing observed 42 days after germination under controlled indoor conditions. These differences were eliminated by the application of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-aza), highlighting the role of DNA methylation in these processes.

Genome-wide analysis of the TCP transcription factor family in mung bean and its dynamic regulatory network under salt stress.

The TCP gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. Although this gene family has been widely studied in various species, its function in mung bean () remains unclear. In this study, we identified 26 VrTCP genes, which were classified into two groups: Class I (PCF subfamily) and Class II (CYC/TB1 and CIN subfamilies).

Mutations of two AhTT8 genes reduce the accumulation of anthocyanins and confer the white testa of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs), which determine the color of peanut seed coats, not only offer protection to plants under biotic and abiotic stress but also contribute to human health. The white testa peanut contains lower levels of anthocyanins and PAs, yet the mechanisms underlying the white testa phenotype in peanuts remain largely unknown. In the current study, two homologous peanut AhTT8 genes, namely AhTT8_AA and AhTT8_BB, were identified as the key genes controlling the seed coat color of peanuts through BSA-seq analysis and fine mapping.

Predicting potentially suitable Bletilla striata habitats in China under future climate change scenarios using the optimized MaxEnt model.

Bletilla striata, an important traditional Chinese medicine resource, holds high medicinal and ornamental value. However, unscientific habitat selection for its cultivation has led to low yields and poor quality as medicinal materials in China. The optimized MaxEnt model is a powerful tool for analyzing the potential impacts of environmental factors on species distribution and predicting habitat changes under climate change.

Identification of the Q-type ZFP gene family in Triticeaes and drought stress expression analysis in common wheat.

C2H2-type zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) are crucial transcription factors in eukaryotes, playing significant roles in various biological processe. The Q-type ZFP, a plant-specific subfamily, are particularly important in responding to abiotic stresses. Wheat is a crucial staple crop in world, with drought significantly affecting its yield and quality.

Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals novel Bambusicolous fungi from Guizhou Province, China.

The diversity and ecological importance of fungi associated with bamboo ecosystems are increasingly recognized, as these fungi play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and bamboo decomposition. This study identified five ascomycetous species from decaying bamboo stems in Guizhou, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated dataset of SSU, ITS, LSU, , and sequences confirmed their placement within the family Bambusicolaceae.

Analysis of Multi-Target Synergistic Mechanism of Coix Seed Therapy for Herpes Zoster Based on Machine Learning and Network Pharmacology.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and mechanism of Coix seeds in treating herpes zoster (HZ) using an integrated computational approach.

Methods: Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and machine learning were employed. Disease-related targets were collected from multiple databases, and intersection targets with Coix seed were analyzed via PPI, GO, and KEGG enrichment.

Unveiling the evolutionary and transcriptional landscape of ERF transcription factors in wheat genomes: a genome-wide comparative analysis.

Ethylene response factors (ERFs), belonging to the AP2/ERF superfamily, play vital roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. The evolutionary and expression features of the members of the ERF gene family have not yet been extensively analyzed through comprehensive comparative genomics across various diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat genomes. In this study, we identified a total of 2,967 ERF genes across one diploid, two tetraploid, and five hexaploid wheat genomes using the characteristics of conserved domains of ERF proteins.

Effects of Different Extraction Methods on the Molecular Composition and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from .

In this study, polysaccharides from (, abbreviated as ) were obtained by five methods: hot water extraction, microwave extraction, cold water extraction, enzymatic extraction, and ultrasonic extraction. Their structural characteristics, antioxidant properties, and hypolipidemic activities were explored. The results showed that the five polysaccharides all exhibited typical infrared spectral characteristics of polysaccharides.

Pangenome analysis reveals structural variation associated with seed size and weight traits in peanut.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed and food legume crop, with seed size and weight being critical traits for domestication and breeding. However, genomic rearrangements like structural variations (SVs) underlying seed size and weight remain unclear.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Pivotal Genes and Regulation Pathways Under Cold Stress and Identifies , an AP2/ERF Gene That Confers Cold Tolerance in Sorghum.

Low temperature at the seedling stage adversely affects sorghum growth and development and limits its geographical distribution. APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive transcription factors (AP2/ERFs), one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, play essential roles in growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses. However, the roles of AP2/ERF genes in cold tolerance in sorghum and the mechanisms underlying their effects remain largely unknown.

SOI: robust identification of orthologous synteny with the Orthology Index and broad applications in evolutionary genomics.

With the explosive growth of whole-genome datasets, accurate detection of orthologous synteny has become crucial for reconstructing evolutionary history. However, current methods for identifying orthologous synteny face great limitations, particularly in scaling with varied polyploidy histories and accurately removing out-paralogous synteny. In this study, we developed a scalable and robust approach, based on the Orthology Index (OI), to effectively identify orthologous synteny.

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal new species and records of (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) from China.

Species of are important phytopathogens, saprobes, and endophytes around the world. Some species can affect plant health and cause yield loss of economic plants. species are widely distributed in China, and many species were found from different plant hosts.

Transcriptomic analysis of maize leaves under different irrigation treatments in field conditions.

Objectives: As one of the most widely cultivated agricultural crops in the world, maize (Zea mays L.) yield is often affected by water stress. In this study, we designed eight different irrigation levels in a field environment, covering a wide range of gradients, and conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of maize leaves under these eight treatments.

A special short-wing petal faba genome and genetic dissection of floral and yield-related traits accelerate breeding and improvement of faba bean.

Background: A comprehensive study of the genome and genetics of superior germplasms is fundamental for crop improvement. As a widely adapted protein crop with high yield potential, the improvement in breeding and development of the seeds industry of faba bean have been greatly hindered by its giant genome size and high outcrossing rate.

Results: To fully explore the genomic diversity and genetic basis of important agronomic traits, we first generate a de novo genome assembly and perform annotation of a special short-wing petal faba bean germplasm (VF8137) exhibiting a low outcrossing rate.

Understanding the microbiome-crop rotation nexus in karst agricultural systems: insights from Southwestern China.

Understanding how soil properties and microbial communities respond to crop rotation is essential for the sustainability of agroecosystems. However, there has been limited research on how crop rotation alters below-ground microbial communities in soils with serious bacterial wilt within the karst agricultural system. This study investigated the effects of continuous planting of corn, tobacco, and tobacco-corn rotation on soil microbial communities in the karst regions of Southwestern China.

Telomere-to-telomere, gap-free genome of mung bean () provides insights into domestication under structural variation.

Mung bean (), an essential annual legume, holds substantial value in global agriculture due to its short growth cycle, low input requirements, and nutritional benefits. Despite extensive domestication, the genetic mechanisms underlying its morphological and physiological evolution remain incompletely understood. In this study, we present a gap-free, telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the mung bean cultivar 'Weilv-9', achieved through the integration of PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing technologies.

High-resolution genetic and physical mapping reveals a peanut spotted wilt disease resistance locus, PSWDR-1, to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), within a recombination cold-spot on chromosome A01.

Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a vital global crop, frequently threatened by both abiotic and biotic stresses. Among the most damaging biotic stresses is Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which causes peanut spotted wilt disease resulting in significant yield loss.

Phytop: a tool for visualizing and recognizing signals of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization using species trees output from ASTRAL.

Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression/hybridization (IH) are prevalent in nature and thus frequently result in discrepancies within phylogenetic tree topologies, leading to misinterpretation of phylogenomic data. Despite the availability of numerous tools for detecting ILS and IH among species, many of these tools lack effective visualization, or are time-consuming, or require prior predetermination. Here, we addressed these shortcomings by developing a fast-running, user-friendly tool called Phytop.